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Poor FRIDAY! We buried him with all the decency and solemnity possible, by putting him into a coffin, and throwing him into the sea; and I caused them to fire eleven guns for him: so ended the life of the most grateful, faithful, honest, affectionate servant, that ever man had,

We went now away with a fair wind for Brazil; and in about twelve days time we made land, in the latitude of five degrees south of the line, being the north easternmost land of all that part of America. We kept on S. by E. in sight of the shore four days, when we made Cape St. Augustino, and in three days came to an anchor off the bay of All-Saints, the old place of any deliverance, from whence came both my good and evil fate.

Never ship came to this port that had less business than I had, and yet it was with great difficulty that we were admitted to hold the least correspondence on shore: not my partner himself, who was alive, and made a great figure among them, not my two merchant-trustees, not the fame of my wonderful preservation in the island, could obtain me that favour; but my partner remembering that I had given five-hundred moidors to the prior of the monastery of the Augustins, and two hundred and seventy-two to the poor, went to the monastery, and obliged the prior that then was to go to the governor, and get leave for me personally, with the captain and one more, besides eight seamen, to come on shore, and no more; and this upon condition absolutely capitulated for, that we should not offer to land any goods out of the ship, or to carry any person away without license. They were so strict with us as to lauding any goods, that it was with extreme difficulty I got on shore three bales of english goods, such as fine broad-cloths, stuffs, and some linen, which I had brought for a present to my partner.

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He was a generous, open-hearted man; though, like me, he came from little at first and though he knew not that I had the least design of giving him any thing, he sent me on board a present of fresh provisions, wine and sweatmeats, worth above thirty moidors, including soine tobacco, and three or four fine, medals of gold but I was even with him in my present, which, as I have said, consisted of fine broad-cloth, english stuffs, lace, and fine hollands; also I delivered him about the value of 100/. sterling, in the same goods, for other uses; and I obliged him to set up the sloop, which I had brought with me from England, as I have said, for the use of my colony, in order to send the refreshments I intended to my plantation.

Painter, Plumber, Barber, Hunter, Steward, Butler, Page, Cook, Gardner, Monk, Bishop, Abbot, Priest, Proctor, Clerk, &c. Various others in a more arbitrary and capricious manner, have been advanced as Hope, Fortune, Victor, Noble, Strong, Able, Arm-strong, &c. Some are of puritanical origin, as Grace, Faith, Pure, Godly, &c. All this is obvious, and in the natural course of things. Titles denoting honor or utility will cheerfully be retained and transmitted to posterity; but how shall we account for the consent with which some men appear to have subscribed to their own disgrace, and to have entailed it upon their children? A bad or contemptuous name may be incurred by delinquency or folly, or be imputed by malevolence or levity in such a manner as that no efforts to disclaim or remove it from the unhappy object will be effectual, and he shall often carry the stigma, whether merited or not, into his grave. But this has no necessary connection with the name or character of his descendants. A man may be a knave, a robber, an incendiary. But if any such accusation were urged against his blameless son, the calumniator would be legally punishable. How then does it happen that names like Coward, Bastard, Cheater, Sponge, Growler, Rickets, Stammers, and countless others, denoting an origin either odious or ridiculous, have been quietly recognized and acknowledged by those to whom they belong, as family names?

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Accordingly, he got hands, and finished the sloop in a very few days, for she was already framed; and I gave the master of her such instructions as that he could not miss the place; nor did he miss it, as I had an account from my partner afterwards. I got him soon loaded with the small cargo I sent them; and one of our seamen, who had been on shore with me there, offered to go with the sloop and settle there, upon my letter to the governor Spaniard to allot him a sufficient quantity of land for a plantation, and giving him some clothes and tools for his planting work, which he said he understood, having been an old planter at Maryland, and a buccaneert into the bargain. I encouraged the

MARY-LAND:-One of the southern United-states of America, situated between 75 and 80° longitude W. 38° and 40° latitude N. in length about 134 miles; in breadth about 110; containing an area of about 14000 square miles. It is bounded on the N. by Pensylvania; on the E. by the Delaware, and the Atlantic ocean; on the S. by Virginia; on the W. by the Apalachian mountains. This country is indented by a great number of navigable rivers; of which the chief are the Chesapeak, the Patomac, and the Patuxent. It's capital city is Anna-polis; to which name it was changed from that of "Severn" in 1694. Its population amounted in 1801, to 549692 persous, including 107707 slaves. Mary-land was peopled by roman-catholic emigrants from England towards the close of the reign of K. CHARLES I. when religious animosity was carried to a shameful excess. In 1632, Lord BALTIMORE one of the most eminent of that sect, obtained a grant of that country which formerly had been considered as a part of Virginia, but was now called Mary-land, in honour of Queen HENRIETTA-MARIA, consort of CHARLES, and daughter of King HENRY IV. of France This country enjoys in a great measure those conveniences for navigation which characterise Virginia; of which it has been observed, and without exaggeration, that every planter has a river at his door. Cape Charles (the S. point of Maryland, and N. hendland of the entrance into the Chesapeak) is in latitude 37° 11' N. longitude 75° 57′ W.

BUCANEER:-or Bucanier, is not to be traced unto any derivation that can explain it to a certainty. It is one of those cant words, the meaning of which is either local,

fellow, by granting all be desired; and, according to condition, I gave him the savage whom we had taken prisoner of war to be his slave, and instructed the governor Spaniard to give him his share of every thing he wanted with the rest. When we came to fit this man out, my old partner told me there was a certain very honest fellow, a Brazil planter of his acquaintance, who had fallen into the displeasure of the church. I know not what the matter is with him," says he, "but on my conscience I think he is a heretic in his heart, and he has been obliged to conceal himself for fear of the Inquisition; that he would be

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accidental, or arbitrary. Originally it had an allusion to the persons who dried and smoked flesh and fish, after the manner of the Caraïbes, by a process called bookan. It was in this sense first applied to the earliest French settlers in Haïti, who had no other employment or recreation than that of hunting bulls and boars, in order to store their flesh or sell their hides. When or why this name was applied to the famous piratical adventurers of the 17th century is uncertain. The Bucaniers of Haïti appear to have been driven to that course of life by the Spaniards. After this latter people had got footing in some of the islands, and on part of the continent of America, they determined to keep the whole exclusively by force of arms. The French whom they had expelled from Saint Christopher's and some adventurers of the english nation, whom they had also driven away, took possession of the northern uninhabited parts of the island (Haïti) to which the patriotism of the Spaniards has affixed the name of Hespaniola (q. d. Little-Spain); and which their piety has dedicated to St. Domingo. To these colonists was first given the name descriptive of their principal occupation, already alluded to. But they had another title afterwards, when some of these hunters made themselves masters of Tortuga, and turned pirates: they were then also called free-booters, from their making free booty, or prey, of whatever fell in their way. Thus originated a confederacy which was once formidable to the greatest powers in Europe, and preserved itself distinct from all the more regular classes of mankind, in defiance of the laws and constitutions by which other nations were governed. In their history we find a perpetual mixture of justice and cruelty, of fair retaliation and ferocious revenge, of rebellion and subordination, of wise discipline and brutal passions, such as no other association ever exhibited; and which kept them united as a body, 'till the loss of their best and bravest leaders, which could not be supplied, obliged them to return to the more peaceable arts of life, and again to mix with civilized society.

INQUISITION:-See page 198. VOLTAIRE sent a message by a gentleman who visited that amiable and mild man, Pope CLEMENT XIV. (GANGANELLI) that he should esteem it a great favour if he would send him the eyes and ears of his Inquisitor-General." Said the good old man, "I would have readily obliged him, but the Inquisitor-General of Rome has had neither eyes nor ears since GANGANELLI has been Pope." The Academics of Louvain complained to MARGARET, the Emperor's sister, and aunt to CHARLES V. intrusted with the government of the Netherlands, that LUTHER, by his writings, was subverting Christianity: "Who is this LUTHER?" said the Governess: they replied, "he is an illiterate monk." "Is he so?" said she; "then you who are very learned and very numerous write against him; for surely the world will pay more regard to many scholars than to one blockhead."-Thus with the Catholics of these kingdoms; so many laws, so many wise men, so many prejudices, so much power, and such strong inclination to use it; what is to occasion such terrible alarm in the 19th, more than in the 16th century, for the safety of Christianity ?-When, however, the severities and persecutions of the Inquisition, as well as when murders and seditions, and plots, are adduced against Roman Catholics, it is sufficient to give this one plain answer :-They are acts which form no part of the roman-catholic religion: the records of them may serve to amuse those persons who have no better arguments in support of that intolerant system, which has been so long exercised against the Romanists of this country and of Ireland :—the character, the liberties, and the faith of our present Catholics, such arguments do not, ought not to affect. Whilst we should be very reluctant to impute evil design to any one, we may, with confidence assert that those are our worst and weakest passions which impel us to perpetuate divisions and excite hatred in the state.-Benevolence will wish all our fellow subjects united and happy-Wisdon will assidiously contrive the means for it-Power, under their direction, will employ all its authorities and energies to accomplish it-and truth would rejoice in the removal of the barriers which

very glad of such an opportunity to make his escape, with his wife and two daughters; and if I would let them go to my island, and allot them a plantation, he would give them a small stock to begin with; for the officers of the Inquisition had seized all his effects and estate, and he had nothing left but a little household stuff, and two slaves: and," adds he, "though I hate his principles, yet I would not have him fall into their hands, for he will be assuredly burned alive if he does."

I granted this presently, and joined my Englishman with them; and we concealed the man, and his wife and daughters, on board our ship, till the sloop put out to go to sea; and then having shipped all their goods some time before, we put them on board the sloop after she was got out of the bay.

Our seaman was mightily pleased with this new partner; and their stocks, indeed, were much alike rich in tools, in preparations, and a farm; but nothing to begin with, except as above: however, they carried over with them, which was worth all the rest, some materials for planting sugar-canes, with some plants of canes, which he, I mean the Portugal man, understood very well.

Among the rest of the supplies sent my tenants in the island, I sent them by the sloop three-milch cows and five calves, about twenty-two hogs among them, three sows big with pig, two mares, and a stallion. according to my promise, I engaged three Portugal women to go, and recomFor my Spaniards, mended to them to marry, and to use them kindly. I could have procured more women, but I remembered that the poor prosecuted man had two daughters, and that there were but five of the Spaniards who wanted; the rest had wives of their own, though in another country. All this cargo arrived safe, and, as you may easily suppose, were very welcome to my old inhabitants, who were now, with this addition, between sixty and seventy people, besides little children, of which there were a great many. I found letters at London from them all, by way of Lisbon, when I came back to England; of which I shall take some notice hereafter.

I have now done with the island, and all manner of discourse about it; and whoever reads the rest of my memorandums would do well to turn his thoughts entirely from it, and henceforth expect to read of the follies of an old man, not warned by his own harms, much less by those of other men; not cooled by almost forty years miseries and disappointments; not satisfied with prosperity beyond expectation, nor made cautious by afflictions and distress beyond imitation; to beware of the like.

I had no more business to go to the East-Indies than a man at full liberty has to go to the turnkey at Newgate, and desire him to lock him up among the prisoners there. Had I taken a small vessel from England, and went directly to the island; had I loaded her, as I did the other vessel, with all the necessaries for the plantation, and for my people; had I taken a patent from the government here to have secured my property, in subjection only to that of England; bad I carried over cannon and ammunition, servants, and people to plant, and taken possession of the place, fortified and strengthened it in the name of England, and increased it with people as I might easily have done; had I then settled myself there, and sent the ship back loaden with good rice, as I might also have done in six months time, and ordered my friends to have fitted her out again for our supply; had I done this, and stayed there myself, I had at least acted like a man of common sense: but I was possessed with a wandering spirit, and scorned all advantages; I pleased myself with being the patron of the people I placed there, and doing for them in a kind of haughty, majestic way, like an old patriarchal monarch, providing for them as if I had been father of the whole family as well as of the plantation: but I never so much as pretended to plant in the name

bigotry raises at the door of her temple-and in the crowds of votaries which liberality and gentleness would constrain to worship at her shrine. The cross has in its time, been the banner under which madmen assembled to glut the earth with blood. Les us not despair that truth will one day force its way, even to thrones.

of any government or nation, or to acknowledge any prince, or to call my people subjects to any one nation more than another; nay, I never so much as gave the place a name, but left it, as I found it, belonging to nobody, and the people under no discipline or government but my own; who, though I had influence over them as a father and benefactor, had no authority or power to act or command one way or other, farther than voluntary consent moved them to comply: yet even this, had I stayed there, would have done well enough; but as I rambled from them, and came there no more, the last letters I had from any of them was by means of my partner, who afterwards sent another sloop to the place, and who wrote me word, although I had not the letter till several years after it was written, that they went on but poorly. I was gone a wild-goose chase, indeed! and they that will have any more of me must be content to follow me into a new variety of follies, hardships, and wild adventures, wherein the justice of Providence may be duly observed; and we may see how easily Heaven can gorge us with our own desires, make the strongest of our wishes be our affliction, and punish us most severely with those very things which we think it would be our utmost happiness to be allowed in. Whether I had busi ness or no business, away I went: it is no time to enlarge upon the reason or absurdity of my own conduct, but to come to the history; I was embarked for the voyage, and the voyage I went.

I shall only add a word or two concerning my honest popish clergyman; for let their opinion of us, and all other heretics in general, as they call us, be as uncharitable as it may, I verily believe this man was very sincere, and wished the good of all men: yet I believe he was upon the reserve in many of his expressions, to prevent giving me offense; for I scarce heard him once call on the blessed Virgin, or mention St. Iago* or his guardian angel,† although so com

IAGO:-(pronounced as if written in English yah-go) the spanish version of the proper name James, (IáxuCos, i. e. a supplanter, or maintainer.) Two personages are mentioned in ecclesiastical history as bearing this name: viz. 1: JAMES the greater was son of ZEBEDEE and SALOME; and was brother to Jous the evangelist. 2.: JAMES the less was son of CLEOPHAS and of MAEY, sister to MARY the mother of Jesus; he wrote the epistle of his name in the New Testament, was bishop of Jerusalem, and was martyred. (OLIVER: Script. Lexic.) The former is the saint mentioned in the text. His anniversary festival is marked on the 25th July, both in the romish and in the english calendars. His historical legend relates that he was beheaded at Jerusalem by order of HEROD-AGRIPPA, about the feast of Easter, A. C. 42. His relics are stated to have been translated to the city of Compostella, in the province of Gallicia, in Spain; where they are still holden in great veneration: numerous devotees resorting thither in pilgrimage on this account, not only from all parts of Spain, but from various other countries of Christendom, to fulfil their vows of piety.

ANGEL:-The quality of this divine messenger is so variously applied in our translation of the scripture as to be somewhat perplexing. The difficulty seems in some measure to hang upon the synonymy of the words, god, angel, and man. Jesus himself is sometimes called by the evangelists the" sou of man," and sometimes the "son of god." Princes, judges, and other grandees are called gods in certain passages of scripture. The serpent promises Eve that in the day she and her husband eat of" the tree which was in the middle of the garden," they should" be as gods, knowing good and evil." (Genesis: iii, 5.) St. PAUL, in his epistle to the Hebrews, (ii, 2,) says, the word spoken by angels was steadfast:" Again, the same apostle in the same epistle describes JESUS, as" made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death." He even describes himself to the Galatiaus (iv, 14.) as almost like an angel. The first idea of a peculiar guardian-angel seems to be in the Revelation (i, ii, iii.) wherein Saint JOHN declares that he was commanded by the voice from the "midst of the seven golden candlesticks," to write to the angels of the seven churches, or congregations, of Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamus, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodikea, respectively, such and such things. In short the three terms in question appear to have been indiscriminately given and taken as titles among the Jews, without attaching the same important signification to them that we do. See more particularly Saint John, x, 34, &c. The spies mentioned in Joshua ii, have been termed angels in certain versions of the Bible. Angel also is in English the epithet of a woman, (before marriage); sometimes of a very bad one.

Robinson Crusoe. [Naval Chron. Edition.]

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