especially to the positions, that the Deacon, by virtue of his office, ought to have the control of the whole ecclesiastical property; and that he is to act in subordination to the ecclesiastical courts. The arguments on these points are especially commended to the serious consideration of all who believe in the divine right of Presbyteri. anism; and who would love to see it preserved, in its primitive purity, simplicity, and beauty. No better way to increase the circulation of the pamphlet is known, than to give its contents.

CHAPTER I. The Deacon a Standing Church Officer.-Argument from the Scriptures.-Deacons in the early Christian church.Opinions on the subject.-Deacons in the Reformed churches.Expressions of opinion since the Reformation.

CHAPTER II. The Nature of the Deacon's Office.--The care of the poor belongs to the Deacon.-The management of the finances generally.-Argument from Acts vi. 1-6.-Views of commentators on this passage.-Argument from the Old Testament.-Argument from the Jewish Synagogue.-Doctrines and practice of the church in the primitive times.-Doctrines and practice of the church in the times of the Reformation.-Opinions of late writers.-Doctrines of Presbyterian churches.-Objections considered.

CHAPTER III. Of the Substitutes for the Deacon.-Various substitutes specified.-Boards of Trustees are an innovation- are unscriptural-are anti-scriptural-are of dangerous tendency-are unsafe.

CHAPTER IV. The Relations of the Deacon.-THE DEACON IS SUBORDINATE TO THE ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS.-Scripture argument. -The practice of the Christian Church.-Illustration of this subject from the structure of society. This mode of managing church property is safe.

CHAPTER V. Conclusion.-Appendix.

The work is for sale by David Owen & Son, 24, North Gay-st. Baltimore.

We insert the foregoing with pleasure; but are not to be understood as endorsing, all the views or arguments of the Pamphlet so highly commended. Indeed we rather incline to think, that some of Mr. Willson's views are radically different from those contained in our Standards.

The office of Deacon is one of very great importance, and in our judgment, of undoubted Scripturalness. Indeed we can hardly understand how a Presbyterian church can get along without a Board of Deacons, or systematic violations of what it understands to be God's plan for conducting the affairs of his earthly kingdom. One of our very first acts after being ordained a Bishop, and installed a Pastor, was to call together the church and cause a Board of Deacons to be chosen; and for eight years, we have constantly commended and enforced the subject as opportunity offered in our church courts. It is no small joy to us, to see the church at last take up the matter in earnest.

Unless present indications greatly deceive us, the Deacons of our church, after being long laid aside, are destined at no very distant day, not only to occupy their proper place in all our churches, but to fill up an immensely important space, in the collection, control, and distribution of those contributions and charities-which are now managed, to so large an extent, by persons ordained for other duties-nay by persons not ordained at all-nor even professing religion. For we happen to know, that not only persons who are private members only, but in some cases persons not even members of the church, yea not even worshipping in our churches; are members of important public bodies elected by our General Assembly.-[EDS.]

PAPISM IN THE XIX. CENTURY IN THE UNITED STATES. Being select contributions to the Papal Controversy, during 1835-40. By Robert J. Breckinridge.—Baltimore: David Owen & Son, 24, N. Gay streeet.-MDCCCXLI. pp. 344.

ADVERTISEMENT.-The author of the following pages, in submitting them in this form to the public, deems it not improper to explain himself briefly to his readers. There are several objects which he supposes may be gained, or at least promoted by the publication of this volume. One is, that in this way, the history of the rise and early progress of the papal controversy in the region where his lot is cast, and in some degree throughout America, will be preserved in a permanent and convenient form; a history personally important as it regards many individuals, and not without its use in illustrating the principles, the spirit and the aims of papism in this country. Another is, that persons really desirous of making themselves acquainted with papism in general, and its character in this age and country in particular; may have not only the means of doing this somewhat increased, but may also see, in our personal experience, the manner in which and the means by which God has been pleased to lead an individual similarly situated with themselves, in the same course, before them. A third, and the prevailing reason, has been the hope of spreading information on one of the most important and heretofore neglected topics of the age; and of stimulating public curiosity and interest, on a subject in regard to which, men seem to have been dead nearly in proportion as the obligations laid on them to be all alive, were transcendent.

The contributions to the papal controversy published in this volume, cover a period of six years of the life and ministry of their author. They have been years of great care and toil, not only in his more important and direct work as Bishop of a large church and congregation committed to his particular oversight, by the great Bishop of souls; but also, as he has been connected with many of the great movements of the age, and very especially with the difficulties and deliverance of that branch of the church of God in which he is a minister. He does not therefore offer this volume to the public, as any thing more, than what a person so situated may be supposed to accomplish in hours stolen from nature, from sickness, and from the ordinary enjoyments of life.

The scholar may repose unqualified credit, in all the references and authorities of this volume. All of them, where they are given as original, have been diligently and laboriously verified; and where that was not possible or was not considered necessary, the authority relied on is stated. Indeed we have found so little to our taste in the elemental volumes, on the papal controversy; and so many inaccuracies of reference perpetuated through successive authors quoting from each other, and all pretending to be original; that we have preferred to push our studies, in an independent manner, up to the original sources, wherever it was possible.

The reader may also rely with implicit confidence on the facts and statements of this book. They have all been made public in the face of assassins seeking our life, of informers watching our actions and words, and of implacable and unmerciful enemies conspiring our ruin. The book is true to the letter.

After what he has seen made the instrument; he

For any thing more, the author is deeply sensible that if it should be made an instrument of good-it will be because God shall own it. and experienced, after those things of which he has been is the last that should be found distrusting God. Let the adorable God do therefore, what seemeth to him good; it shall, by his grace, be good also for his servant.

CONTENTS.-The Commencement of the Papal Controversy in Baltimore, in 1835.-Carmelite Convent in Baltimore; an Outrage which was probably Committed therein.-Questions to Determine the True Church.-Romanism, Political and Religious.-The Antiquity of the Protestant Faith.-Worship in an Unknown Tongue; Gregory vii. and the Bohemian Churches.-The General Councils. Which are they? What have they done?-A Visit to the Baltimore Cathedral.— The Last of the House of Vallois.-Judge Gaston of N. C. Religious Liberty. Mental Reservation. An Address to the American People. Hon. Mr. Gaston of N. C. Catholic Perfidy. Prostitution of the Public Press.-Texian Revolution, before San Jacinto.-Jerome of Prague, and the Council of Constance.-Papal Propagandism in the United States.-Papal Provincial Council; Preaching of Bishop England.-Case of Eliza Burns the Abducted Orphan.-Bishops Full, versus, Bishops Empty.-First Kentucky Consecration, of "My Lord Pureell.-Lent; its Curious History and Present State.-"The Big Beggar Man."-Vocation and Preaching of Archbishop Eccleston.

Conjunction of St. Bacchus and St. Ignatius.-Papal Unity; its Nature, Certainty, and Advantage.-Creed of the Church of Rome; her Dilemma and Imposture.--Eliza Ánn O'Neal, and her Rescued Child.-Escape of a Nun from the Carmelite Prison in Aisquith street.-The Case of Olevia Neal the Carmelite Nun, called Sister Isabella.-Review of the Correspondence between the Archbishop and Mayor of Baltimore.-The Tax Book of the Roman Chancery.-Secreta Monita Societatis Jesu. -Papism before the Courts of Law: our Legal Persecution.-Letter of Robert J. Breckinridge to the Second Presbyterian Church of Baltimore, on the Occasion of his Presentment by the Grand Jury: with the Action of the Session, and that of the Church thereon.-The State of Maryland against Robert J. Breckinridge.

NOTICES, RECEIPTS, ACCOUNTS, ANSWERS TO LETTERS, &c.

FROM FEBRUARY 13, TO MARCH 15.-New Subscribers.-Rev. R. S. Gladney, Carollton, Pickens Co. Ala., from Jan'y, 1841, back numbers till then sent, and $2,50 paid by Rev'd Mr. Morrow; we will deliver the six bound vols., for 1835-40, to Mr. M., as he returns, if he can take charge of them.-R. K. King, Plymouth, Illinois, name added from Jan'y, '41, $2,50, and back numbers sent, by order of J. D. King, of Miss.-Wm. Marshall, Hagerstown, name added from Jan'y, 41, and back numbers sent.-Mr. H. A. Munroe, Unionville, S. C., name added from March.-P. M. Lex., Va., $3, for Rev'd Mr. Skinner, whose name is added, and back numbers from Jan'y sent.-Mr. Thomas E. Peck, CoLumbia, S. C., name added from last Jan'y, and back numbers sent, by order of our friend, S. Wier.-John Stevenson, Alexandria, D. C., name added by order of D. Owen, from Jan'y, 1841.

Discontinuances, Changes, &c. James Kilton, West Grave, Pa., $5, and discontinued; see our private letter for the amount of arrears.-Donald Frazer, Jun., Fowlerville, N. Y., $3, per Rev. J. II. Redington, in full and discontinued. -Wallace Sigerson, New Orleans, discontinued.-Rev. R. B. McMullen, direction changed from Clinton, Alabama, to Knoxville, Tenn., after the March No. had been sent to the former place.—Rev'd D. G. Doak, Clarkesville, Va., discontinued, by order of P, M. Oak Hill, N. C.

Payments, Orders, &c. Rev'd Thomas Morrow, of Alabama, $2,50, for '41. -Thomas D. King, Oakland Coll., Miss. $2,50, which with $3, paid by him in Oct. '40, makes $5,50; he began with March, '40, and is thus credited till March, '42, and 50 cents over. We send him without charge, the numbers for August, '39, and Feb'y 40, for which he writes, as we happen to have odd numbers; we have none for Jan'y, 40, or we would send it, and complete his volume, and let his subscription begin at that time.-Nathan Woods, of West Hill, Pa., $5 for himself and Dr. A. Rankin, both for '41; the Nos. for Jan'y and Feb'y, had been sent to Wm. Kerr, but are sent again at the request of N. W.-Mrs. M. A. Baker, Balt., paid $2,50, for '41-Rev. Mr. Love, of Delaware, $2, which pays till the end of this year.-Rev'd Dr. Gosman, Port Byron, N. Y., per Rev'd Mr. Redington, $2,50, for 1841.-Rev'd J. L. Pitts, $2,50, which pays for one year, ending Sept., '40, (if our books are correct), and Mr. F. Schroeder, $2,50, for '41; both of Frederick city, Md., by the hands of our friend, Rev. J, S.-The number for Dec., '39, sent to Rev'd J. L. Pitts, Frederick, Md.-Settled in person with Mr. J. H. Dearing, up to the end of this year and other private accounts; also with him the accounts of Mr. B. F. Hawkins and Rev'd Mr. Scott, of Tuscaloosa, Ala., which are both paid in full to the end of this year, and delivered the back volumes for Mr. S., to Mr. D.; see statement given to him.-Col. James Patterson, Lancaster Co., Pa., $2,50, for 1841.

[EXTRA.]

LETTER TO ROBERT

WICKLIFFE ESQ'R, OF LEXINGTON KY.,

PRELIMINARY TO A DEFENCE AGAINST HIS SECOND SPEECH OF 1840.

SIR: I know no man in the world but yourself, who is able to condense four mis-statements into twelve words. This you have done, within the knowledge of hundreds of your immediate neighbours, in the title page of a recent pamphlet which you call, "Speech of Robert Wickliffe in reply to the Rev'd R. J. Breckinridge, delivered in the Court House in Lexington on Monday, the 9th of November, 1840." I say nothing now as to this speech being a reply to any thing; nor as to its being the speech it pretends to be; though both these statements are wide from the truth. But every body in Lexington knows, that the speech you pretend to report was not delivered in November; was not delivered on the 9th of that or any other month; was not delivered on Monday; and was not delivered in the court house.

I have read the pamphlet with great attention; and have determined not to let it pass without a formal reply. This is no doubt unexpected to you, and was far from my thoughts when I listened to you delivering the speech which you pretend is printed in this pamphlet. The spoken speech was so perfectly contemptible, both in matter and form, and those who heard it or were likely to hear any verbal report of it, knew both of us so well, that I disdained to make even a verbal reply to it. The printed speech contains many things which were never uttered by you, and which you did not dare to propound as true, when I was present to confute them; it omits many things which the stress of circumstances obliged you to confess while speaking, and many other things too absurd and too easily proven to be false, to be printed even by you; and besides all this, many may read your pamphlet who do not know either you or me. By the publication of this pamphlet, such as it is, you have, for the third time in ten years, placed me in circumstances which make silence, dishonour. You can better determine the wisdom of your conduct, after you have gathered its fruits.

Sir, it has been the fortune of my life to be brought into controversy with some of the worst principles, worst parties, and worst men of my generation. In every case I have had occasion to observe, that in addition to such evils as were common and kindred, each one has had some marked and specific vice which has been eminently personal and distinctive. You, Sir, have not departed from this remarkable instinct. Of all your eminent characteristics, all who know you well, recognize as the most intensely individual, an utter incapacity to perceive, to feel, or to utter truth, when it conflicts with any interest or any passion that may chance, for the time, to occupy your breast. I do not charge you now with deliberate falsehood; I charge you with that, which if less criminal is hardly less calamitous -a total imperviousness to any truth that even seems to militate against you.

EXTRA-1

And this characteristic is so remarkable and so effective, that I would undertake to prove by any two papers ever written by you, upon any subject in which your feelings or interests were involved; that each, upon the authority of the other, is false in principle, in reasoning, and in fact. How, then, are you likely to appear, when I come to contrast your horrible assertions not only with notorious and even recorded facts, but with each other; and lay before an indignant public, positive proof, from under your own hand, of the utter falsehood of many of the most precise and dishonoring accusations of your present speech? If I do not do this, I will agree to sink to your own level: and my most pitiless enemy could demand nothing worse.

It is a source of sincere regret to me that you have obliged me, twice already, and now for the third time, to exhibit this extraordinary trait of your character. You have forced me to do it; or to see every evil passion of every wicked man and every corrupt party which it has been my duty to resist and expose during an active life, make common cause with you, as you have openly done with them; and have you all like a pack of wolves yelping upon my footsteps, keeping eachother in countenance by the fury of your common howlings, and stimulating your common malignity by expressions of reciprocal confidence and signs of mutual aid. The noblest stag of the forest may at last be worried to death by an innumerable multitude of the most detestable curs; and may find, when too late, that it had been better for him to have trampled some into the dust, and tossed some into the air, as they came singly upon him, and were neglected, pitied, forgiven, or dispised. Sir, you may find in this reflection, the secret of certain portions of my conduct, which you, and possibly many better men, may have condemned as not altogether consistent with my sacred calling; conduct which a man stronger than myself, or surrounded by fewer and less implacable enemies, or less obviously called of God to contend against them, might perhaps have wisely changed. And yet it is too true, that many of the highest graces and loftiest virtues of religion— are evermore condemned by those, who shrink from their exercise, or suffer under their rebuke.

I shall not, however, on this, as I did not on either of the former occasions when we came in conflict, overpass the boundary of simple defence. This is the line of conduct which I have constantly marked out for myself in all my difficulties with you; and notwithstanding your repeated assertions to the contrary, I confidently aver that the whole tenor of my action amounts only to this. Not that there was want of provocation for me to have carried on a far different warfare; for that has been ample. Not that there was any lack of material for such a conflict; for no man during my day in Kentucky, has been more vulnerable or more defenceless than yourself. But I never had, nor have I now, any desire to do you, or any man, any other hurt than such as the absolute necessity of our relative conditions might require, and the clear dictates of duty impose. In the beginning of our controversies, in 1830, my whole effort, so far as it was personal, was to defend my principles against your circular, your road bill, your pro-slavery, and anti-sabbath principles. And when to these public difficulties was added a private one, growing out of your faithless conduct as the legal adviser of my father's representatives, I did not attack your general character either as a man or as a lawyer-nor even your general management of the interests of my father's estate,