11.-Treaty entered into at Cabul between & William Macnaghten, on the one part, and Allar Khan, with the principal chiefs of tribes,

the other. Immediate and ample supplies to be furnished to the troops previous to evacuating Afghanistan; Dost Mahomed to be released; and Shah Soojah to retire into private fe, with a guaranteed payment of a lac of repees annually.

16.-Explosion of a gasometer at the Dundee Gas Works. Two boys sitting in the retort house were killed, and most of the property in the neighbourhood seriously damaged. During the commotion caused by this occurrence a serious fire was raging in Westward's Flax Mill, at the other end of the town.

17.-News of the disturbance at Cabul having reached Bokhara, the Ameer throws the two British agents Stoddart and Conolly into prison, the imputed offence being that the Queen of England, instead of answering his letters, had referred him through her Foreign Secretary to the Indian Government. Their condition became day by day more deplorable. They were not allowed a change of raiment, their clothes rotted on their back, vermin preyed upon their bodies, while they were either fed on the filthiest of food or deprived of nourishment altogether.

20.-Treaty signed in London, in terms of hich France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia ad pt the English laws against the slave-trade.

23. Murder of Sir William Macnaghten and Captain Trevor while engaged in a Conference with Akbar Khan. On the road to the interview the Envoy sent back all bs escort except ten men, among whom were Laptains Trevor, Lawrence, and Mackenzie. The latter gave the following account of the Occurrence to Lieutenant Eyre: "I observed fact a number of men armed to the teeth had radually approached to the scene of conference, d were drawing round in a sort of circle. This Lawrence and myself pointed out to some the chief men, who affected at first to drive the off with whips; but Mahomed Akbar served that it was of no consequence, as they ere in the secret. I then heard Akbar call 'Begeer! begeer!' (Seize ! seize !) and turning ad saw him grasp the Envoy's left hand an expression in his face of the most diaical ferocity. I think it was Sultan Jan who lad hold of the Envoy's right hand. They dragged him in a stooping position down the hock; the only words I heard poor Sir William utter being 'Az barae Khooda' (for God's sake). I saw his face, however, and it was fe of horror and astonishment.'

"

Next day

Lady Sale records: "Numerous reports are cur rent, but all agree in this, that both the Envoy's and Trevor's bodies are hanging in the public chouk; the Envoy's decapitated and a mere trunk, the limbs having been carried in triumph about the city. A fallen man meets but little justice; and reports are rife that the Envoy was guilty of double dealing with Akbar Khan and Amenoolah Khan." At the moment the Envoy was seized, Mackenzie, Trevor, and Lawrence were disarmed, and forced away behind different chiefs. Trevor was cut down by Sultan Jan, but Lawrence and Mackenzie succeeded in saving their lives, and got back in a few days to the city. Lawrence then mentioned that he saw the Envoy grappling with Akbar, and the latter fire a pistol at him.

24.- Accident on the Great Western Railway at Sunning, the engine being thrown off the line by a fall of earth on the rails, and the carriages thrown violently together. Eight persons were killed on the spot and seventeen seriously injured, most of them being workmen engaged on the new Houses of Parliament, who were proceeding home for the Christmas holidays.

Early this morning a gang of armed burglars entered the dwelling-house of John Awdry, South Wraxhall, Somerset, and compelled his two daughters to point out all the valuables in the house, which they seized and carried off. Sophia Awdry said: Between two and three o'clock I heard the lock of my door move. I had not been asleep, and said, 'Who is it? come.in.' In a few seconds the door was opened, and three men came in. They had large sticks in one hand and candles in the other. They all came round my bed, and one held a stick over my head, and said, 'If you will lie still, we will not hurt you, but otherwise we will dash your brains out.' I answered, 'I shall be quiet: what do you want?' One said they were starving, and must have money. We have not been used to such ways, but it is no use resisting; we are ten.'" They afterwards went leisurely over the house, and took everything they wished. The gang were all apprehended in a short time, and sentenced by Justice Coleridge to transportation for life.

27. In his speech at the opening of the French Chambers, King Louis Philippe said that he had joined the Four Powers in a convention which consecrates the common intention "to maintain the peace of Europe and consolidate the repose of the Ottoman Empire.' He also announced, somewhat ambiguously, that he had "taken measures to prevent any external complication from disturbing the security of our African possessions." Opposition was sharply dealt with in another paragraph: "Whatever may be the burdens of our situation, France would support them without difficulty if faction did not unceasingly obstruct the course of her powerful activity. I

The

will not dwell upon the intrigues and crimes of the factious; but let us not forget, gentlemen, that it is that which debars our country from fully enjoying all the blessings which Providence has conferred upon it, and which retards the development of that legal and pacific liberty which France has at last achieved, and of which I make it my glory to insure her the possession."

27.-The British force in Cabul give up fourteen lacs of rupees, and consent to the additional indignity of giving up their guns to the now triumphant and defiant Affghans. By the 10th article of the final treaty agreed to on the 1st January, it was provided: "The English can take six horse artillery guns and three mule guns, and the rest by way of friendship shall be left for our use. And all muskets and ordnance stores in the magazine shall, as a token of friendship, be made over to our agents." The indignities to which the British troops were subjected by the supineness of the general commanding are thus referred to in Captain Johnson's Journal, December 31st: "The chiefs say they cannot control their men, and that if their people misbehave themselves at our gates, or around our walls, we must fire upon them. No orders, however, have been given by General Elphinstone to punish our insulting foe, who naturally attribute our forbearance to dastardly cowardice, and take every opportunity of taunting us with it. The error lies with our leader, not with our troops. Several camels laden with grain plundered close to the Seeah-Sung gateway, within a few paces of a gun loaded with grape and a large guard of Europeans and natives. No steps taken to recover the plundered grain, or punish the How we must be despised by our offenders.

miserable foe !"

January 6.-The British forces, consisting of about 4,500 fighting men and 12,000 followers, commence their disastrous retreat from Cabul. "All," writes Lady Sale, fusion before daylight. The day was clear and frosty, the snow nearly a foot on the ground, and the thermometer considerably below the freezing-point. When the rear-guard left cantonments, they were fired upon by Affghans. The servants who were not concerned in the plunder all threw away their

loads and ran off. Private baggage, commissariat, and ammunition were nearly annihilated at one fell swoop. The whole road was covered with men, women, and children, lying down in the snow to die." Fighting their way inch by inch among a people wild with hatred and fanaticism, it was two days before they reached the entrance of the Khoord Cabul Pass, only ten miles from Cabul. This formidable defile was about five miles in length, and shut in on either side by a line of lofty hills, every point of which seemed alive with fierce and treacherous Ghilzies. In this pass the immense multitude got jammed together in one monstrous unmanageable mass. Captain Skinner returned to remonstrate with Mahomed Akbar, who promised a cessation of hostilities if Major Pottinger and Captains Law. rence and Mackenzie were given up to him, in addition to others. This was done, "and once more," writes Lieut. Eyre, "the living mass of men and animals was in motion. At the entrance of the pass an attempt was made to separate the troops from the non-combatants, which was but partially successful, and created considerable delay. The rapid effects of two nights' exposure to the frost in disorganizing the force can hardly be conceived. The idea of threading the stupendous pass before us in the face of an armed tribe of bloodthirsty barbarians, with such a dense irregular multitude, was frightful, and the spectacle then presented by that waving sea of animated beings can never be forgotten by those who witnessed it." Notwithstanding Akbar's pretended attempt to restrain the Ghilzies, their attacks were as frequent and cruel as ever, and it was calculated that in the pass alone over 3,000 lives were lost. On the 9th Lady Sale, Lady Macnaghten, Mrs. Trevor, and some other ladies, were given up to Akbar, and so placed for a time beyond the dangers and dreadful privations of the camp. "There was but faint hope," writes Lady Sale, "of our ever getting over to Jellalabad, and we followed the stream. But although there was much talk regarding our going over, all I know of the affair is that I was told we were all to go, and that our horses were ready, and we must be immediately off." On the evening of the 10th it was determined, by a forced march, to try and reach Jugdulluk, a distance of twenty-two miles, but at eight in the morning they were still ten miles from that station. Here General Elphinstone and Brigadier Shelton were given up as additional hostages, and here commenced a conflict with the treacherous Affghans, which lasted, foot by foot, and day by day, till the entire force left could not muster more than twenty mus kets. Strong barriers were at some places put up across the defile, when the Affghans rushed in on the pent-up crowd and committed wholesale slaughter. Not more than forty, it was thought, managed to clear these barriers, and of that number the greater part were slain at other points or taken into captivity. Dr. Brydone alone escaped, and was the only office

of the whole Cabul force who reached the garnson of Jellalabad alive.

7.-A Chartist Convention commences its sittings in Glasgow, and is attended by sixtythree delegates, among whom was Feargus O'Connor, representing the ancient burgh of Ratherglen.

8.-Died, aged 72, Baron Cambronne, a French General of distinction in the campaigns of the Republic and the Empire. The words, "La Garde meurt et ne se rend pas," are attributed to him.

10.-In the American Senate, Mr. Calhoun carries a motion calling for immediate redress from Great Britain for injury inflicted on American citizens by the capture of the Creole

saver.

11.-An Anti-Corn Law conference of Dissenting Ministers commences its sittings at Edinburgh.

13.-Arrival at Jellalabad of Dr. Brydone, the sole survivor of the Cabul army. The starting incident is thus described by Kaye : "When the garrison were busy on the works toiling with axe and shovel, with their arms piled and their accoutrements laid out close at hand, a sentry on the ramparts, looking out towards the Cabul road, saw a solitary white-faced horseThe word man struggling on towards the fort.

was passed; the tidings spread. Presently the ramparts were lined with officers, looking out with throbbing hearts through unsteady telescopes, as with straining eyes tracing the road. Slowly and painfully, as though horse and rider both were in an extremity of mortal weakness, the solitary mounted man came reeling, tottering on. They saw that he was an Englishman. On a wretched weary pony, clinging as one sick or wounded to its neck, he sat, or rather leaned forward; and there were those who, as they watched his progress, thought that he could tever reach, unaided, the walls of Jellalabad.

shudder ran through the garrison. That solitary horseman looked like the messenger of death Few doubted that he was the bearer of intelligence that would fill their souls with horror and dismay. Their worst forebodings seemed confirmed. There was the one man who was to tell the story of the massacre of a great army. A party of cavalry were sent out accour him. They brought him in wounded, hausted, half dead. The messenger was Dr. Brydone, and he now reported his belief that he as the sole survivor of an army of some sixteen thousand men." It was said Colonel Dennie Predicted that not a soul would escape except e man, and that he would come to tell that Se rest were destroyed. The voice of Dennie anded like the response of an oracle, when he exclaimed, "Did not say so! here comes the Desenger."

15.-Brigadier Wilde, having resolved to march forward to Jellalabad, enters the Khyber Pass, and captures the small fort of Ali Musjid, Situate in a difficult part of the defile. From

want of support by the native army he is compelled to abandon his conquest, and fall back on Peshawur. Ali Musjid was taken possession of by the Afreedis on the 24th.

16.-A Montrose newspaper contradicts a report that Sir W. Burnes, a native of that town, had been killed at Cabul. News to that effect was rumoured to have been received from Meerut to-day by the Indian mail.

17. The foundation-stone of the new Royal Exchange laid by Prince Albert. The civic authorities met the Prince at Guildhall, where his Royal Highness arrived shortly before two o'clock. After a short stay there the procession was marshalled, and moved along Cheapside to a pavilion erected over the site in Cornhill. A Latin inscription placed on the foundation-stone referred to the burning of the two former Exchanges, and set forth that the City of London and ancient Company of Mercers again undertook "to restore the building at their own cost, on an enlarged and more ornamental plan, the munificence of Parliament providing the means of extending the site and of widening the approaches and crooked streets in every direction, in order that there might at length arise under the auspices of Queen Victoria, built a third time from the ground, an Exchange worthy of this great nation and city, and suitable to the vastness of a commerce exThe Lord tending over the habitable globe." Mayor (Pirie) afterwards entertained the Prince and company in the Mansion House.

20. Close of the contest for the Professorship of Poetry at Oxford, between Rev. Isaac Williams and Rev. James Garbett. After several meetings of the friends of both candidates to ascertain their relative strength, the numbers claimed were, Garbett, 921; Williams, 623. The latter thereupon retired.

21.-Bishop Alexander makes a public entry into Jerusalem on this the eve of the great Mahomedan festival of the Courban Bairam.

22. From the results of an experiment recently made in Pall Mall, the Spectator says it may safely predict that in a few years the Bude light will have superseded gas as far as the latter has superseded oil for street lighting.

Visit of the King of Prussia to England. He was received on landing at Greenwich by Prince Albert, the Duke of Wellington, and other persons of distinction. Baron von Humboldt was in the King's suite.

25.-Christening of the Prince of Wales at Windsor. The ceremony was performed, amid much splendour, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, with water brought from the river Jordan in 1825. The King of Prussia acted as sponsor.

27.- Revolutionary outbreak at Oporto, and establishment of a Provisional Junta in the city.

H

28.-The Gazette announces that Lord Ashburton has been appointed to proceed on an extraordinary special mission to the United States.

Died in the York-road, Lambeth, A. Ducrow, equestrian, aged 48 years. He left the sum of Sool. for the erection of his tomb in Kensal Green Cemetery, and the interest of 200/. invested in the Three and a half per Cents. to be spent annually in the purchase of flowers for its adornment.

29.-Close of the contest for the representation of Dublin, Mr. Gregory, Conservative, defeating Lord Morpeth, Whig, by 3,825 votes to 3,435.

...

Our

The Duke of Wellington makes a memorandum regarding Envoy Macnaghten's letter of October 25, 1841: "It is impossible to read the letter without being sensible of the precarious and dangerous position of affairs in Central Asia. . . . Very possibly an Affghan will run over his native hills faster than an Englishman or an Hindoo. But we have carried on war in hill countries, as well in Hindostan and the Deccan as in the Spanish Peninsula; and I never heard that our troops were not equal as well in personal activity as by their arms, to contend with and overcome any natives of hills whatever. Mr. Macnaghten ought to have learnt that hill countries are not conquered and their inhabitants kept in subjection, solely by running up the hills and firing at long distances. The whole of a hill country of which it is necessary to keep possession, particularly for the communications of the army, should be occupied by sufficient bodies of troops, well supplied, and capable of maintaining themselves; and not only not a Ghilzie or insurgent should be able to run up and down hills, but not a cat or a goat, except under the fire of those occupying the hills. This is the mode of carrying on the war, and not by hiring Affghans with long matchlocks to protect and defend the communications of the British army. Shah Soojah Khan may have in his service any troops that he and Mr. Macnaghten please. But if the troops in the service of the East India Company are not able, armed and equipped as they are, to perform the service required of them in Central Asia, I protest against their being left in Affghanistan. It will not do to raise, pay, and discipline matchlock-men in order to protect the British troops and their communications, discovered by Mr. Macnaghten to be no longer able to protect themselves."

- Intelligence of the Affghan disasters having now reached Calcutta, Lord Auckland causes a proclamation to be issued: "A faithless enemy, stained by the foul crime of assassination, has, through a failure of supplies followed by consummate treachery, been able to overcome a body of British troops in a country removed by distance and difficulties of service from the possibility of succour. But the Governor-General in Council, while he most deeply

laments the loss of the brave officers and men, regards this partial reverse only as a new occa sion for displaying the stability and vigour of the British power, and the admirable spirit and valour of the British Indian army." The Governor-General, who was on the eve of leaving office, did not take any important steps to retrieve the errors of his Affghan policy, nor did it ap pear certain whether he thought the isolated garrison still left in the country should be relieved, or permitted, if they were able, to fight their way alone back to British India. A force, however, was gradually concentrated at Peshawur, first under Brigadier Wilde, and then under General Pollock, who had been selected by the Commander-in-chief in India for the command of the avenging army.

31.-The Duke of Buckingham withdraws from the Cabinet, on the ground, as was stated, of his opposition to the Ministerial plan of dealing with the Corn Laws. He was succeeded in the office of Lord Privy Seal by the Duke of Buccleuch.

3. Parliament opened by the Queen in person. The King of Prussia and Prince Ferdinand of Saxe Coburg were also present, seated near the throne. The Royal speech made reference to the birth of the Prince of Wales'an event which has completed the measure of my domestic happiness"--and to the relations of this country with Foreign Powers. “I regret,” it was said, "that I am not enabled to announce to you the re-establishment of peaceful relations with the Government of China. The uniform success which has attended the hostile operations directed against that Power, and my con fidence in the skill and gallantry of my naval and military forces, encourage the hope on my part that our differences with the Government of China will be brought to an early termina tion, and our commercial relations with that country placed on a satisfactory basis." Addressing the House of Commons, her Majesty said: "You will have seen with regret that, for several years past, the annual income has been inadequate to bear the public charges; and I feel confident that, fully sensible of the evil which must result from a continued deficiency of this nature during a peace, you will fully consider the best means of averting it." To 'My Lords and Gentlemen" her Majesty recommended the consideration of the laws relating to the importation of corn, and other articles the produce of foreign countries. She also ob

served with deep regret the continued distress the manufacturing districts-a distress, she said, which was borne with exemplary patience and fortitude. "I feel assured that your deliberations on the various important matters which w occupy your attention will be directed by a comprehensive regard for the interest and permanent welfare of all classes of my subjects, ad I fervently pray that they may tend in their realt to improve the national resources, and to encourage the industry and promote the happitess of my people." So great was the crowd within and around the House on this occasion, that two hours elapsed before it could be cleared of spectators. The Address was agreed to with(a division, Sir Robert Peel intimating that he would introduce the Government scheme relating to the importation of corn on the 9th, and train, as soon thereafter as possible, the complete financial arrangements for the year.

3.-New writ moved for Liverpool, in consequence of Sir Cresswell Cresswell's elevation to the bench.

4.-Lord Stanley introduces a bill to provide better security to poor emigrants against frauds and inconvenience on their passage, and another to obviate the fluctuating system of alienating land in certain colonies.

7.-Arrival of the Indian mail with news of the outbreak at Cabul on the 2d November, and subsequent reverses of the British army stationed there. Despatches were received at the same time announcing the capture of Chusan, Shanghai, and Ningpo.

9.-Sir Robert Peel introduces his new sing scale of corn duties to the House of Commons. A duty of 20s. to be levied when wheat is at 515. per quarter, descending to Is. when the price was 735., with rests or stops at 54, 545, 665. and 68s., designed to diminish the possibility of tampering with the averages. With respect to the duty on other kinds of

a, he proposed to preserve the same proportion between them and wheat as was mainined in the existing scale: a maximum duty 8. on oats, and 11s. on barley, rye, &c. Sir Robert said he considered the present not

favourable time to discuss the question of the Com Laws. There was no great stock foreign growth on hand to alarm farmers; Se recess, notwithstanding the distress, had re marked by universal calm; there was no palar violence to interrupt legislation, and ere was a disposition to view any proposal the adjustment of the question with calmDs and moderation. -Mr. Cobden denounced Se scheme as an insult to a suffering people.

ng the sitting great excitement was maniared both within and around the House of Cmmons. A number of Anti-Corn Law de gates attempted to take possession of the

es, but after some resistance they were laced by the police to retire outside. 10.- The largest meeting of the Anti-Corn

Law delegates which had yet been held took place this day in the Crown and Anchor, London. Sir Robert Peel's new sliding scale was spoken of as altogether unsatisfactory, and in no way calculated to relieve the distresses of the people.

About

14.-Grand ball in the Park Theatre, New York, in honour of Charles Dickens. 2,500 people were present.

Replying to Lord Brougham's motion for papers on the Creole affair, Lord Aberdeen said that, after the most serious consideration, Government had come to the conclusion that by the laws of this country there was no machinery or authority for bringing the refugee slaves to trial for murder or mutiny, and still less for delivering them up. Lord Denman, on behalf of the Judges, expressed their concur rence in this view.

On the motion that the Speaker leave the chair preparatory to a discussion in committee on the Corn Laws, Lord John Russell proposed: "That this House, considering the evils which have been caused by the present Corn Laws, and especially by the fluctuation of the graduated or sliding scale, is not prepared to adopt the measure of her Majesty's Government, which is founded on the same principles, and is likely to be atten led by similar results." The opposition to the amendment was led by Mr. Gladstone, who said, whatever misrepresentation Government might incur, they would be content with the reflection that they had conferred on their country a great boon, certain to secure ultimately the universal approbation which it merited. The debate was protracted to the following evening, when Lord Palmerston closed the argument on the Opposition side. 'Why," he asked, "is the earth on which we live divided into zones and climates? Why do different countries yield different productions to people experiencing similar wants? Why are they intersected with mighty rivers, the natural highways of nations? Why are lands the most distant from each other brought almost into contact by that very ocean which seems to divide them? Why, sir, it is that man may be dependent upon man. It is that the exchange of commodities may be accompanied by the extension and diffusion of knowledge-by the interchange of mutual benefits engendering mutual kind feelings-multiplying and confirming friendly relations. It is that commerce may freely go forth, leading civilization with one hand and peace with the other, to render mankind happier, wiser, better. Sir, this is the dispensation of Providence, this is the decree of that Power which created and disposed the universe. But in the face of it, with arrogant, presumptuous folly, the dealers in restrictive duties fly, fettering the inborn energies of man, and setting up their miserable legislation instead of the great standing laws of nature.' On a division there voted for the original motion, 349; for the amendment, 226. Majority for Ministers, 123. There