1. The Emperor of Austria crowned King of Lombardy at Milan. The ceremonies and rejoicings extended over four days.

4. The King and Queen of the Belgians visit England as the guests of her Majesty.

6. Wreck of the steamer Forfarshire, trading from Hull to Dundee, on the Fern Islands. Her machinery becoming disabled, the vessel Crifted southward for about five hours, when the struck at 3 o'clock A. M. on the outer rock. The hull almost instantly parted, and, with one exception, the whole of the cabin passengers, twenty-five in number, were drowned. The captain was washed overboard with his wife in his arms. Of a crew of twenty-two, ten were drowned; eight were preserved in an open boat, and taken to Shields. Four of the crew and five steerage passengers were taken off the wreck by the dauntless intrepidity of Grace Darling and her father, the keeper of Longstone lighthouse. She induced her father to enter the lifeboat, and with great difficulty they reached the wreck, when Darling himself picked the survivors off, while his heroic daughter managed to keep the boat from being dashed to pieces.

17. A London demonstration in favour of Parliamentary Reform, held in New Palace Yard. A petition was adopted in favour of the People's Charter, now being circulated in the form of an "Act to provide for the just representation of the People." - The Bath meeting was attended by Colonel Napier, who supported one of the resolutions. Mr. Vincent, n the course of his speech, remarked that they had been kept down by those who were knaves. Lord John Russell was a knave; Harry Brougham was a knave; Peel was a knave; the Duke of Wellington was a knave❞—(Col. Sir W. Napier rushed to the front of the hustings, and with much earnestness exclaimed, "I contradict that; the Duke of Wellington is no knave. He fought for the country nobly, bravely, and accessfully; and he is no knave.") Vincent resumed: "I say that any man, be e a Wellington, a Russell, or a Napier, who denies to me the right to vote, is a knave. The present representation is a combination to ceptive the people of just and equal laws; and tall on the people to arouse, and put an end to such a state of things, and it can be done by moral force, if the people will only firmly exert themselves." Colonel Napier said that Mr. Vincent had degraded himself by applying the term "kave" to the Duke of Wellington : games did no good to any cause. They ought to remember the force of early prejudices and impressions; and that a very honest man

Mr.

"Cal

t be mistaken in politics. That he beSeved to be the Duke of Wellington's case; but he was one of the greatest soldiers Europe had ever produced, and ought not to have had the termknave' applied to him."

21.-Young and Webber, two of the seconds in the Mirfin and Eliot duel, convicted of murder, and sentenced to death, afterwards commuted to one year's imprisonment.

22.-Lord Durham announces his resignation of the office of Governor-General of Canada. In answer to an address from the Delegates presented to-day, his Lordship said: "I had, as you know, devoted the most careful attention to all subjects which could affect the general interests of all the colonies; and had brought nearly to maturity the plan which I intended to submit in the first instance to the consideration of the Provinces, and eventually of the Cabinet and the Imperial Parliament. In this, I trust, useful course, I have been suddenly arrested by the interference of a branch of the British Legislature, in which the responsible advisers of the Crown have deemed it their duty to acquicsce. Under these circumstances, I have but one step to take to resign that authority, the exercise of which has thus been so weakened as to render it totally inadequate to the grave emergency which alone called for its existence."

24. John Larner, under pretence of being the proper heir, makes a forcible entry into Stanfield Hall, Norfolk, then in the possession of Mr. Isaac Jermy. The house was afterwards surrounded by military, who conveyed Larner and all his disorderly followers to prison.

The Duke of Sussex announces his intention of resigning the presidency of the Royal Society, owing to circumstances connected with his private affairs over which he had no control making it incumbent on him to leave London.

Numerous meetings held throughout Ireland this month, in support of O'Connell's "Precursor" Society.

The French Government pressing the Swiss to expel Prince Louis Bonaparte from their territory, the Prince writes to the Executive of the Canton of Thurgovia abandoning his claim to citizenship, on the ground that he cannot under any circumstances give up his title to be considered a Frenchman. It was rumoured that he had applied to the British Envoy for passports to England.

October 1.-Lord Auckland issues a " ma. nifesto" from Simla, stating the reasons which had induced him to direct the assemblage of a British force for service across the Indus. 'After much time," it was said, "spent by Captain Burnes in fruitless negotiation at Cabul, it appeared that Dost Mahomed Khan, chiefly in consequence of his reliance upon Persian encouragement and assistance, persisted, as respects his misunderstanding with the Sikhs, in urging the most unreasonable pretensions, such as the Governor-General could not, consistently with justice and his regard for the friendship of Maharajah Runjeet Singh, be the channel of submitting to the consideration of his Highness; that he avowed schemes

(25)

of aggrandisement and ambition injurious to the security and peace of the frontiers of India; and that he openly threatened, in furtherance of these schemes, to call in every foreign aid which he could command." Reference was then made in the manifesto to the unjustifiable aggression of Persia upon Herat, and the countenance which had been given to the expedition by Dost Mahomed, and his brother Sirdar of Candahar. "After various and mature deliberation the GovernorGeneral was satisfied that a pressing necessity, as well as every consideration of policy and justice, warranted us in espousing the cause of Shah Soojah-ool-Moolk, whose popularity throughout Afghanistan has been proved to his Lordship by the strong and unanimous testimony of the best authorities. A guaranteed independence will upon favourable conditions be tendered to the Ameer of Sindh, and the integrity of Herat in the possession of its present ruler will be fully respected; while, by the measures completed or in progress, it may reasonably be hoped that the general freedom and security of commerce will be promoted; that the known and just influence of the British Government will gain its proper footing among the nations of Central Asia; that tranquillity will be established upon the most important frontier of India; and that a lasting barrier will be raised against hostile intrigue and encroachment. His Majesty Shah Soojahool-Moolk will enter Affghanistan surrounded by his own troops, and will be supported against foreign interference and factious oppo

sition by a British army. The GovernorGeneral confidently hopes that the Shah will be speedily replaced on his throne by his own subjects and adherents; and when once he shall be secured in power, and the independence and integrity of Affghanistan established, the British army will be withdrawn. The Governor-General has been led to these measures by the duty which is imposed upon him of providing for the security of the possessions of the British Crown; but he rejoices that in the discharge of his duty he will be enabled to assist in restoring the union and prosperity of the Affghan people. Throughout the approaching operations British influence will be sedulously employed to further every measure of general benefit, to reconcile differences, to secure oblivion of injuries, and to put an end to the distractions by which for so many years the welfare and happiness of the Affghans have been impaired." A notification was at the same time made that Mr. W. H. Macnaghten, Secretary to the Government, would assume the function of Envoy and Minister at the Court of Shah Soojah, and that Captain Burnes would be employed under his direction as Envoy to the Chief of Khelat or other States. A number of political assistants were also appointed. It was of this proclamation Sir J. C. Hobhouse said afterwards, speaking officially: "Lord Auckland must not be permitted to bear the blame of the Simla mani

festo against Dost Mahomed. It was the policy of the Government; and he might mention that the despatch which he wrote, stating his opinion of the course that ought to be taken in order to meet expected emergencies, and that written by Lord Auckland informning hin that the expedition had already been undertaken, crossed each other on the way."

66

2.

The Perth and Edinburgh coach, 'Coburg," upset into the sea over the pier at South Queensferry. Two passengers and two horses drowned.

3. A parachute descent successfully performed at Cheltenham, by an aeronaut named Hampden. At an altitude of 9,000 feet he freed his parachute from the balloon, and descended gently to the earth in the space of thirteen minutes.

5.-Fire in warehouses, Robert-street, Liverpool, destroying cotton, indigo, oil, turpentine, and spices to the value of 200,000/.

7.-Meeting held in the saloon of the Haymarket Theatre to establish an association for the relief of aged and infirm actors.

It

8.-At a banquet in Liverpool, Lord John Russell took occasion to allude to the public meetings now in the course of being held in various parts of the country. There were some, perhaps, who would put down such meetings. But such was not his opinion, nor that of the Government with which he acted. He thought the people had a right to free discussion. was free discussion which elicited truth. They had a right to meet. If they had grievances they had a right to declare them, that they might be known and redressed. If they had no grievances, common sense would speedily come to the rescue, and put an end to these meetings. It was not from free discussion, it was not from the unchecked declaration of public opinion, that Governments had anything to fear. There was fear when men were There driven by force to secret combinations. was the fear, there was the danger, and not in free discussion."

9.-In a proclamation, dated from "the Castle of St. Lewis in the city of Quebec, Lord Durham announces her Majesty's disallowance of the Ordinances formerly issued. "I had reason," he writes, "to believe that I was armed with all the power which I thought requisite, by the commissions and instructions under the royal sign manual with which I was charged as Governor-General and High Commissioner, by the authority vested in me and my Council, by the Act of the Imperial Legislature, and by the general approbation of my appointment which all parties were pleased to express. I also trusted that I should enjoy throughout the course of my administration all the strength which the cordial and stedfast support of the authorities at home can alone give to their distant officers, and that even party feeling would refrain from molesting me whilst occupied in maintaining the integrity of the

British Empire. In these just expectations I have been painfully disappointed. From the very commencement of my task, the minutest details of my administration have been exposed to incessant criticism, in a spirit which has evinced an entire ignorance of the state of this country, and of the only mode in which the supremacy of the British Crown can here be spheld and exercised. Those who have, in the British Legislature, systematically depreciated my powers, and the Ministers of the Crown, by their tacit acquiescence therein, have prodiced the effect of making it too clear that my authority is inadequate for the emergency which called it into existence. At length an act of my government, the first and most important which was brought under the notice of the authorities at home, has been annulled; and the entire policy, of which that act was a small though essential part, has thus been defeated." On the question of the disposal of the prisoners, Lord Durham said that he was perfectly aware his powers extended only to the landing of them on the shores of Bermuda, bat he presumed that Parliament would sanction their forcible detention if necessary.

12.-Upsetting of the Oxford coach at Teddington, causing the death of Mr. G. Broderick, of Brasenose College.

-Meeting at the Jerusalem Coffee-house, presided over by Sir R. W. Horton, "to consider the practicability and expediency of forming a private company' to carry on steam communication with India. The scheme, as submitted by Captain Barber, was that a vessel should sail monthly to the three Presidencies

d the Straits of Batavia; the passage-money not to exceed that now charged by vessels passing the Cape of Good Hope.

"Five

The

steamships, of 600 horse-power each, and 1,500 tons burden, with two smaller vessels for the Bombay branch, are to be built. It is expected that the voyage to Ceylon will be performed in thirty-six days, to Madras in forty, Bombay forty-two, and Calcutta forty-three. transit through Egypt to be performed by means of iron steamboats to Cairo, and omnibases and vans across to Suez; skeleton carriages to be used for the land transit of goods and luggage, made to fit the same places in oth vessels, so that there will be no dishance of packages and no uncovering till ey reach the final port. In Bengal alone,

shares, amounting to 140,000l., had been traditionally subscribed for; which showed how much interest the subject excited in India. The amount of capital required was only 400.000/; and, on the calculation that there

d be 2,300 passengers (only half the number that went to India in 1836) and a proporticrate carriage of goods, the company might pect a dividend of 70,000l. on their 400,000l."

So engrossed were the inhabitants of Montreal with their constitutional struggle, that when the Theatre was opened to-night not one

15. Died at Cape Coast Castle, South Africa, from an overdose of prussic acid, Letitia Elizabeth, wife of Governor Maclean, famous in the literature of her time as L. E. L.

18.-The Protector, East Indiaman, lost in a storm in the Hooghly river, with nearly all on board-116 recruits for the Company's service, a crew of 36, 9 male passengers, and 26 women and children.

22.-Fire at Harrow, destroying the residences of Rev. Mr. Wordsworth and Rev. Mr. Colenso, mathematical master.

23.-A piece of ground nearly a mile square, covering a salt mine at Northwich, Chester, suddenly sinks to a depth of between fifteen and twenty yards, and carries with it the engine-house, stables, and cottages erected thereon. Four dead bodies were dug out of the ruins.

24.-Explosion in the "John Pit" colliery at Lowca, near Whitehaven, causing the death of 35 labourers, the whole employed in the ninety-five-fathom workings. Two men and one boy, in the act of descending the shaft, were blown to pieces; another boy lighted on a bank overlooking the blazing fissure, and was rescued little injured.

Died at New York, aged 68, from injuries received in the street, Joseph Lancaster, originator of the Lancastrian system of education.

25.-The Bishop of Durham (Dr. Maltby), in a letter to Archdeacon Thorp, defends himself from the imputation of countenancing Unitarianism, in so far as he had subscribed for a volume of sermons about to be published by a heterodox Dissenting minister named Turner. "I never have intentionally,' he writes, countenanced any doctrine which is at variance with those of our Church, still less could

have thought of countenancing errors so grievous as I hold those of the Unitarians to be. Yet this feeling, as to the extent of their error, ought not to prevent us from showing all possible charity to their persons; and that, I assure you, was all that I contemplated by this act of courtesy, which has drawn upon me, I cannot help thinking, much unmerited censure. I need scarcely remind you that Dr. Lardner's Works, edited by Dr. Kippis, also a Unitarian, were published by subscription; and that almost all the bishops of that day, with the leading men of the Church, were subscribers. Yet Dr. Lardner's Works contained not merely his masterly labours on the 'Credibility,' but various sermons and tracts, including his celebrated but heterodox 'Letter on the Logos.' Now I am not aware, and certainly I do not expect, that either you or I shall find any offensive matter in the forthcoming volume of Mr. Turner. Surely, then, I am at least as much justified in subscribing to it as the bishops

and divines of our Church were in 1788, in prefixing their names to the Works of Dr. Lardner, which contained the avowal and defence of all his erroneous opinions."

26.-John Teuton, printer, sentenced to fifteen months' imprisonment for attempting to extort money from the Marquis of Downshire, by the publication of a pamphlet entitled "The Secret History," relating to the late Lady Mary Hill, sister to the Marquis.

Lord Palmerston instructs Lord Clanricarde to obtain from Count Nesselrode an explanation of the conduct of the Russian officials at the Persian Court.

28. Severe gale on the east and west coast. Among the more serious of the disasters was the sinking of the Northern Yacht steamboat trading between Leith and Newcastle, with 10 passengers and her entire crew of 13 persons.

November 3.-Madrid declared in a state of siege. In the provinces the most severe retaliatory measures are now being put in force by Carlists and Royalists. Cabrera writes: "I have ordered all the cavalry prisoners to be shot, because they refused to give quarter to 15 volunteers who fell into their hands at the beginning of the action. The number thus shot was 161; of whom 2 were captains, 3 lieutenants, 4 sub-lieutenants, 8 first sergeants, 5 second sergeants, 12 corporals, and 132 soldiers." Subsequently, Cabrera ordered 55 prisoners, taken at Villamefa, in Arragon, to be shot. On the other side, the National Guard at Murcia massacred 30 Carlist prisoners; and at Alicante two others--all they had-were killed. The authorities at Carthagena saved the lives of the prisoners there by putting them on board ships in the harbour.

4.-Renewal of disturbance in Canada. To-day (Sunday) the rebels made an attack on the Indians of Cochanawaga, who sallied out of the church where they were assembled for Divine Service, repulsed their assailants, and captured seventy prisoners. The insurgents also made an unsuccessful attempt to-day to burn the steamboat Victoria, which had taken a detachment of artillery from Montreal to La Prairie. Frustrated in this design, they marched against the village of Beauharnois, the chief place of the seigniory, and well known as the property of Mr. Edward Ellice, and drove off the inhabitants.

Here

also they made a prisoner of Mr. Ellice, jun., M. P., Lord Durham's Secretary, who was conveyed along with others to a nunnery at Chateauguay.

7. Twenty-five men employed on the Plymouth Breakwater drowned in a squall when attempting to pass in an open boat to the Cat

water.

8.-Fire at an hotel in Tamworth, and six servants of the house suffocated,

8.-Explosion at Hale's powder-mill, Oare, Faversham, causing the death of three men employed in the works, and another engaged in a field fifty yards distant.

9. The rebel army in Canada quit their strongholds at Napiersville, and Sir John Colborne concentrates his troops there.

10. Outrage on the British Minister at Teheran; M. Semino, an officer who had lately received the rank of General in the Persian service, endeavouring to take forcible possession of a house occupied by Major Todd, overlooking the garden of the Minister. In answer to Mr. M'Neill's report of the transaction, Lord Palmerston directed that a written and formal apology be demanded from the Persian Prime Minister. A week later another insult was offered at Bushire, a forcible entrance being effected into the house of the Residency Shroff (or agent), and the occupant treated with great indignity. For this outrage Lieut.Col. Shiel was instructed to demand satisfaction, and the punishment of the persons chiefly concerned.

12.-O'Connell commences a career of agitation in favour of the establishment of "Precursor" Societies. To-day he spoke at Tralee, and during the week at Kanturk and Thurles.

Three fishing-boats upset off the coast of Suffolk. With the exception of one man, the crews, amounting to twenty-nine in number, perished.

15.-Lord Glenelg writes to Lord Durham : "The proclamation of the 9th of October, her Majesty's confidential advisers regard not merely as a deviation from the course which has hitherto been invariably pursued by the governors of the British possessions abroad, but as a dangerous departure from the practice and principles of the constitution. They consider as open to most serious objection an appeal by such an officer to the public at large from measures adopted by the Sovereign, with the advice and consent of Parliament. The terms in which that appeal has in this instance been made, appear to her Majesty's Ministers calculated to impair the reverence due to the Royal authority in the colony, to derogate from the character of the Imperial Legislature, to excite amongst the disaffected hopes of impunity, and to enhance the difficulties with which your Lordship's successor will have to contend. The Ministers of the Crown having humbly submitted this opinion to the Queen, it is my duty to inform you, that I have received her Majesty's commands to signify to you Lordship her Majesty's disapprobation of your proclamation of the 9th of October. Under these circumstances, her Majesty's Government are compelled to admit that your continuance in the government of British North America could be attended with no beneficial results. I presume that before your receipt of this despatch, your Lordship will have delivered over the

government of Lower Canada to Sir John Colborne, to whom I shall address the requisite instructions for his guidance."

15.-Defeat of Canadian insurgents. Today Colonel Dundas reached Prescott from Kingston, with four companies of the 83d regiHe ment, two 18-pounders, and a howitzer. took up his position about 400 yards from the windmill; and with his field-pieces opened a sharp fire upon the stone building near the mill, whilst Captain Sandom with two 18-pounders in two gunboats fired upon it from the water. After this operation had lasted about an hour, a white flag was hung out from the building, and its occupants surrendered themselves unconditionally to Colonel Dundas. There were 102 altogether, of whom 16 were wounded.

16.-Desiré Rousselle, a native of Brittany, attempts to assassinate a Frenchman calling himself Charles Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Normandy, a pretended son of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, in the house 21, Clarence Place, Camberwell. Rousselle escaped after firing at his victim, but was seized some days later lurking about the premises.

Raphoe Palace, then unoccupied, destroyed by fire.

Died at Paris, in his seventieth year, the Rt. Hon. Robert Cutlar Ferguson, Judge Advocate-General and M.P. for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. Mr. Ferguson won a foremost place at the bar, both in England and Calcutta, and was one of the most prominent members of the Reform party in the beginning of the century. He was tried along with the Earl of Thanet for aiding O'Connor in his attempted escape from Maidstone Court-house, and sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment in the King's Bench.

-Treaty of commerce between Great Britain and Turkey ratified. British manufactures subjected to an ad valorem duty of 3 per cent., and 2 per cent. in lieu of all other inland imposts Charge on shipping entering the Dardanelles, Bosphorus, and Black Sea, to be aboushed, and a free transit allowed for goods passing through Turkey for exportation.

17.-As tending somewhat to counteract the proceedings of the High Church party Oxford, a proposal is issued to-day from Magdalen Hall for the erection of a monument Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, "who had large a share in restoring our own branch of the Catholic Church to primitive orthodoxy, and who, for the maintenance of the Scriptural ths which they embodied in its Articles and other formularies, suffered death in this city."

19. Came on in the Arches Court, before Sir Herbert Jenner, the case of Breeks v. Woolfrey, a suit brought by letters of request from the Vicar-General of the Bishop of Winchester. The articles alleged, that by the laws, customs, and usages of the realm it is forbadden to erect in the churchyard of any parish

a tomb or headstone, or other monument, without the consent of the rector or vicar, or without a faculty for the purpose; and that it is by the 22d Article of the Church of England, agreed upon in 1562, declared that the Romish doctrine concerning purgatory, pardon, and other things therein mentioned, is a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God;" that any person erecting, or causing to be erected, in the churchyard of any parish, any monument, without such consent or faculty, ought to be peremptorily monished immediately to remove the same; and further, that if such monument contain any inscription contrary to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, and to the Articles of the said Church, the person or persons so offending ought not only to be peremptorily monished immediately to remove the same, but also duly corrected and punished according to law; that the defendant, notwithstanding, did erect a tomb or headstone in the churchyard of Carisbrooke, to the memory of her husband, without the consent of the Vicar and without a faculty, and that upon such tomb or headstone were contained, amongst other, the two following inscriptions-"Pray for the soul of J. Woolfrey;" and "It is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead" (2 Maccabees xii.); both which inscriptions were contrary to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, and to the articles, canons, and constitutions thereof, and particularly to the 22d Article; that due notice had been given to the defendant to remove the stone, but she had refused, or neglected to do so, and that the same still remains, to the great scandal and offence of the parishioners and others. The prayer was, that the defendant be decreed and monished to remove the stone, be canonically corrected and punished, and condemned in the costs. Dr. Addams, for the defendant, entered into a long argument, and quoted many authorities, to prove that prayers for the dead were neither unscriptural nor contrary to the doctrine or practice of the Church of England, nor necessarily connected with the Romish doctrine of Purgatory. The Queen's Advocate spoke on the other side, and moved the Court to issue a 'peremptory monition" for the removal of the monument. The judgment of the Court was postponed. (See Dec. 12.)

20.-Count Nesselrode acquaints Lord Clanricarde that Count Simovich had acted at the Court of the Shah in a manner entitling Great Britain to complain, and that the ambassador had been in consequence recalled.

A coroner's jury sitting on the body of Robert Watson, who had strangled himself in bed at the "Blue Anchor" tavern, St. Maryat-Hill, ascertain the details of a career of more than ordinary interest. Deceased had been at one time secretary to Lord George Gordon, and was deeply implicated in the