August 1.-Opening of the Thames Tunnel. About 500 visitors pass through from the Wapping side to Rotherhithe.

The colliers and iron-miners in the Airdrie and Coatbridge districts strike work for an advance of wages. They were joined in a few days by the workmen in the Glasgow district, giving rise to great inconvenience throughout the west of Scotland.

2.- Intelligence from Western Africa of this date announces the final breaking up of the African Civilization Colony on the Niger. The steamer Wilberforce took away the last of the colonists from the model farms.

4.-Alarming disturbances break out in the manufacturing districts. The spinners and weavers of Staleybridge strike, in consequence of a proposal to reduce their wages, and the men, banding themselves together, succeed in farming out all the hands in the Ashton and Oldham mills. Gathering strength as they went on, they entered Manchester in great force, but divided into sections when they saw the military approaching. The mills here were mostly stopped, and attacked by the mob, the rioting continuing, with more or less severity, over a week. During three days twentythree people were taken to the infirmary in consequence of affrays between the military or special constables and the mob. As in other towns, they were chiefly under the direction of Chartist demagogues. On the 7th, the town of Stockport was the scene of serious rioting. The mob forced an entrance into the union workhouse at Snowheath, and carried off 672 loaves and 7% in copper money. Next day a jernflict took place between the workmen and

itary in Preston, when the latter were compelled to fire; two or three were fatally wounded. Stockport, Macclesfield, Dudley, Bolton, and Huddersfield were all kept in terror by bands of excited operatives, demanding "a fair day's age for a fair day's work." On the 13th, a Catinet Council assembled at the Foreign OFce and sat for two hours. Shortly after erders were issued from the Horse Guards for he departure of troops of Artillery and GrenaGiers to Manchester; they left the metropolis at evening, and were joined by others from Woolwich and Portsmouth. At the same sitting Council motions were drawn up commanding the magistrates to use their utmost endeavours e apprehend the "lawless and disorderly persons who by force and violence were entering

ls and manufactories, and by threats and intimdation preventing peaceable people from following their usual occupation. During the week of greatest anxiety to the Government, from the 18th to the 25th,-a clerk was scut down from the London Post-office, with direcons, under the authority of a Secretary of State's warrant, to open the letters of six parties named therein, all taking a prominent part in the disturbances. Two following warrants authorized him to open the letters of ten other Der 008. Most of these parties were afterwards

apprehended, indicted, and convicted before the Special Commission appointed to try the parties charged with exciting the disturbances in the manufacturing districts. On the 15th, at Burslem, the house of Mr. Parker, a magistrate, was burnt to the ground, and the Town-hall, police offices, and several private houses ransacked. Here also the military were compelled to fire, killing three unfortunate agitators, and wounding a dozen others. In Dunfermline the weavers set fire to Watson's factory and had possession of the town for the greater part of a night. During the disturbances an anonymous letter was sent to Lady Peel, announcing the intention of the mob to burn Drayton Manor, and it was rumoured once or twice that the mansion had actually been fired. Another party were said to have been checked in their intention of occupying Leeds church, by an announcement that the vicar would be present and preach to them all night.

5.-The House of Lords give a final decision regarding Lady Hewley's bequest of "certain manors in York, in trust to support godly preachers of Christ's Holy Gospel," a phrase taken to designate Protestant Dissenters. In process of time the trust fell entirely into the hands of Unitarians, but attention was drawn to the subject by the report of the Charity Commissioners, and a bill was filed in Chancery to dispossess them. The Vice-Chancellor and Lord Chancellor decided against the claim of the Unitarians, Justice Erskine observing that those who denied the Trinity were, in Lady Hewley's time, considered blasphemers, and therefore could not be intended by the term "godly preachers." Lord Cottenham now pronounced judgment, affirming the decree of the Court below, with costs.

6.-Died at Windgap cottage, near Leinster, in the 42d year of his age, John Banim, author of the O'Hara Tales.

7.-General Nott leaves Candahar to join General Pollock at Cabul, his route lying along the valley of the Tumuk river up to its source in the hills near Muhoor. He encountered an Affghan force near Ghuznee, and scattered it without much loss on his own side.

9.-Treaty signed at Washington by Lord Ashburton on the part of the British Government, and Mr. Webster on behalf of the American, regarding the north-west boundary of the two countries, the suppression of the slavetrade, and the extradition of criminals-questions which had given rise to much correspondence between the two countries.

The House of Lords give judgment in the Auchterarder case, affirming the decision of the Court below, with costs. Lord Campbell said: "Since the days of Thomas à Becket there never had been a claim set up in England for a Church Assembly to be above the law; and he was not aware that the Scotch Roman Catholic Church had ever claimed in that respect higher degree of power than the English Roman

Catholic Church. The Scotch Church of this day was a Church established by law, and must therefore act according to law: a Church which did not so act ceased to be a Church established by law, and became not the Church of the State conjoined with the State, but a mere sect in the country in which it existed. He called on the Church to follow the advice which it had received from its distinguished members, Moncrieff, Erskine, and Robertson, or he feared it would materially weaken its authority."

9.-John Orr M'Gill, Jane Clayton, and two others tried at Liverpool Assizes for the abduction of Ann Crellin, a young woman of considerable property. She was decoyed from Liverpool, and taken in a state of perpetual intoxication, to Gretna Green, where some marriage ceremony was performed between her and M'Gill, with whom she found herself next day in bed, Mrs. Clayton being on the other side of the bridegroom. M'Gill was sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment, and the others, for aiding and abetting, to twelve months.

10. In moving for a return of the various bills introduced and abandoned, Lord Palmerston enters on a review of the session, and comments with some severity on the home and foreign policy of the Government. Sir Robert Peel seconded the motion and defended the ministry.

President Tyler vetoes the Tariff Bill for the second time.

12.-Parliament prorogued by the Queen in person. The concluding paragraph of the Speech expressed the confidence she had that when "my lords and gentlemen returned to their counties, they would do their utmost to encourage, by example and exertion, that spirit of order and submission to the law, without which there could be no enjoyment of the fruits of peaceful industry, and no advance in the course of social improvement.

15. The trade delegates at Manchester, awed apparently by the military preparations of the Government, so far moderate their first outrageous demands on the masters as to agree to the following resolutions :-"1. That this meeting pledges itself to discontinue all illegal proceedings; and further, that they will endeavour to preserve the public peace. 2. That they could not exist with the present rate of wages; and that they are determined not to go to work until they obtain the wages of 1839. 3. That each master pay the same for the same fabric of cloth throughout the whole of the manufacturing districts. 4. That it is the opinion of the meeting that their political rights are imperatively necessary for the preservation of their trade rights when they gain them."

16. The Duke of Wellington gazetted as Commander-in-chief in room of Lord Hill,

retired.

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17.-A seditious placard, urging the people to rise against the authorities, issued in Manchester by the Executive Committee of the National Chartist Association. 'Englishmen!" it said, "the blood of your brothers reddens the streets of Preston and Blackburn, and the murderers thirst for more. Be firm, be courageous, be men! Peace, law, and order have prevailed on our side: let them be revered until your brethren in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland are informed of your resolution; and when a universal holiday prevails, which will be the case in eight days, then of what use will bayonets be against public opinion? Intelligence has reached us of the wide spreading of the strike; and now within fifty miles of Manchester every engine is at rest, and all is still save the miller's useful wheels and the friendly sickle in the fields. Countrymen and brothers, centuries may roll on as they have fleeted past before such universal action may again be displayed: we have made the cast for liberty, and we must stand, like men, the hazard of the die. Let none despond. Let all be cool and watchful, and, like the bridesmaids in the parable, keep your lamps burning; and let your continued resolution be like a beacon to guide those who are now hastening far and wide to follow your memorable example."

18.-The welcome intelligence sent from the manufacturing districts, “The pacification of the North is completed."

19. The Gazette announces the blockade of the ports of Nicaragua by Sir Charles Adams to enforce British claims against the Government.

Jane Cooper, a domestic servant, commits suicide by throwing herself from the top of the Monument. She took advantage of the momentary absence of the guard, to clamber over the railings, and precipitate herself into Fish-street-hill. Cooper was the sixth person who had committed suicide in the same manner. The City Lands Committee now resolved to enclose the top of the structure.

20. Incendiary fires in two Liverpool tim ber-yards, supposed to have been caused by parties connected with the sawyers' combina

24.-Nicholas Suisse tried for robbing his master, the late Marquis of Hertford, of coupons for stock in the French funds, valued at 100,000 frs. For the defence it was contended that the Marquis bestowed the most unbounded confidence in Suisse, left him a legacy, and was generally understood to act as agent in certain "delicate" negotiations which the Marquis carried on with loose women. One of these, Angeline Borel, was now put into the witness

box.

She said she was a Frenchwoman, twenty-four years of age, and became acquainted with the Marquis when she was sixteen. He provided apartments for her; and she had dined at Dorchester House, with Mr. Croker: Suisse used to come and fetch her. [At a former trial of Suisse, Mr. Croker admitted that he had dined with Borel at the Marquis' table; but on another occasion, when the Marquis said he intended to call and drive her out, he (Mr. Croker) left the carriage rather than remain in sach company.] She generally spent 7,000l. or 8,000 a year: sometimes Suisse gave her the money, sometimes the Marquis, in sums of 200%, or 300. She had now an annuity of 15,000 francs left to her by the Marquis. He once offered her coupons for 100,000 francs; which she, not knowing their value, refused, and he gave them to Suisse. On the same day, he gave her 211,000 francs. She continued to visit the Marquis till December; when slie found another woman there, named Henriette, and then she refused to be his mistress any longer. Suisse was acquitted on the present indictment, as also on another laid against him the following day.

- Five Colonial Bishops consecrated at Westminster, four of them being for the newly created sees of Gibraltar, Van Diemen's Land, Antigua, and Guiana.

George White, a Birmingham Chartist, rites to Brother Cooper in Leicester: "My house has been surrounded with police these two nights, and a warrant has been issued for y apprehension. I have nevertheless marched with the sovereign people, and addressed them in defiance of their warrant. There was some gly work last night. My body-guard chucked raw lobster (a policeman) into the canal, and the town has been paraded by soldiers, our lads cheering and marching with them like trumps."

23.-Bean tried for assaulting the Queen with a pistol, and sentenced to eighteen months' prisonment in Millbank Penitentiary.

26.-Treaty of peace concluded with China. 21,000,000 dollars to be paid within three Fears; Canton, Amoy, Foo-chow-foo, Ningpo, and Shanghai to be thrown open to British merchants; and the island of Hong Kong to be ceded in perpetuity to her Britannic Majesty.

27.-The Abercrombie Robinson, with troops Algoa, and the Waterloo, with convicts for Van Diemen's Land, wrecked in Algoa Bay. About 200 of the latter were drowned.

Το

September 1.-The Queen arrives off Inchkeith about I o'clock this morning, and lands at Granton pier, at 9 o'clock, where she was received by the Duke of Buccleuch, Lord Lieutenant of the county. The royal cortege proceeded by way of Inverleith-row and Cannonmill-bridge to the boundary of the city of Edinburgh, where it was expected her Majesty would be received by the lord provost and magistrates of the city. From a misunderstanding as to the hour of landing they had not left the council-chamber, where some of them had been sitting most of the night, and the procession continued its course through the city by way of Pitt-street, Hanover-street, Princes-street, and the Calton-hill. At Parsongreen the dragoons closed up to the royal carriage, and a quicker pace was continued along the road to Dalkeith Palace. Edinburgh was filled with visitors from various parts of Scotland, and great preparations had been made for giving her Majesty a truly royal welcome; but the enthusiasm was somewhat checked by the want of proper arrangements as to the precise time when the city would be reached. make up, as far as possible, for the disappointment thus experienced, her Majesty reentered the city on the Saturday following (3d Sept.), and was received in great state by the magistrates. Sir R. Peel, who accompanied her Majesty in a separate carriage, was alternately cheered and hissed. The route, thickly packed with spectators, was from Holyrood, up the Canongate and High-street to the Castle, and then by way of the Earthen-mound and Princes-street to Dalmeny Park, the seat of the Earl of Roseberry. A gallery erected at the end of Princes-street-gardens unfortunately gave way, and between fifty and sixty people were more or less injured. The foundation-stone of Victoria Hall, designed for the use of the General Assembly, was laid this day, with a grand Masonic display, in honour of her Majesty's visit. The Queen attended Divine service in Dalkeith private chapel on the 4th, and gave a reception in the Palace on the 5th. She left Dalkeith on the 6th, and visited the Earl of Mansfield, at Scone, the following day; the Marquis of Breadalbane, at Taymouth, on the 8th (where deer-stalking was engaged in by Prince Albert); and Lord Willoughby D'Eresby, at Drummond, on the 9th. Her Majesty departed from Granton pier on the 15th, after a stay in Scotland of fourteen days. In a letter addressed to the Lord Advocate Lord Aberdeen was instructed to say: "The Queen will leave Scotland with a feeling of regret that her visit on the present occasion could not be farther prolonged. Her Majesty fully expected to witness the loyalty and attach

ment of her Scottish subjects; but the devotion and enthusiasm evinced in every quarter, and by all ranks, have produced an impression on the mind of her Majesty which can never be effaced."

1.-The French admiral, Dupetit-Thouars, occupies the island of Tahiti.

4.-The King of Prussia lays the foundationstone of the new transept in Cologne Cathedral.

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Correspondence of the Duke of Cleveland with the Anti-Corn Law League. In answer to certain statements alleged to have been made by his Grace to the tenantry at Raby Castle, the Chairman of the League (Mr. George Wilson) forwarded several documents with the view of convincing the Duke that he was in error. His Grace wrote to-day, that the statement in dispute was made in his own residence, at a private gathering of his own tenantry, and that for a stranger to write to him in a public capacity, venturing to lecture him on his private opinion, was a kind of impertinence which I treat with that contempt it deserves." Mr. Wilson replied, regretting the unfriendly spirit shown by his Grace; and the League at once despatched Mr. Acland to enlighten the Raby tenantry as to the real nature and extent of the taxes on land. Acknowledging receipt of the lecturer's intimation of his arrival at Staindrop, the Duke taunted Mr. Acland with being a hired instrument, and declared that such interference was unjustifiable, reprehensible, and impertinent in the highest degree. "Your Grace," Mr. Acland replied, "is pleased to taunt me with being the hired instrument' of the League. It is true that I am so; but I am far from considering that circumstance disgraceful; on the contrary, I glory in my occupation. It is of my free will that I battle against the corruptions of monopoly ; and it is my poverty, and not my will, which bows to the miserable necessity of being hired' in the service of the suffering and starving masses. It is by no means certain that your Grace, had you been born without the pale of hereditary succession to an entailed estate, could have found any man or body of men to have hired you in your years of maturity, as an available instrument for good. For my poor part, rather than entrust the advocacy of a great cause to your pen or tongue, would have bribed you, and right liberally, to play dummy against a brace of dowagers, or sleep until awakened by the pealing knell of defunct monopoly. In truth, the ability to provide for my family by an honourable effort to enable millions to provide for their families, is matter for great selfgratulation. The possession of such power is at once the source and guarantee of my independence. The mind with which God gifted me, enriched by an education generously bestowed by a father, who toiled the more that I might be rendered the more intelligent, constitutes an estate whose title your Grace can neither invalidate nor impeach, whose record is in the chancery of the Eternal, whose possession

5.-Tried at the York Assizes and Lancashire Assizes about 150 individuals charged with mobbing and rioting during the recent disturbances in those districts. They were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. On one of the days of sitting Lord Chief Justice Denman thus expressed himself on the right of public meeting: On the part of the people of this country, he must assert the right of free discussion and of peaceable state ment of grievances; and, unfortunate as it was that the discussion either of political questions or of the laws regarding provisions should produce excitement and ill-feeling, it was the undoubted right of Englishmen to meet and peaceably to discuss the grounds of what they deemed just complaint. But there was a very wide difference between meeting for the pur poses of peaceable discussion, or of petitioning the Sovereign and the Parliament-there was a wide difference between this and assembling riotously, and to the terror of the peaceable subjects of her Majesty, and with the view of committing acts grossly illegal and tyrannical. Nor was it fair or just to trace to perfectly legal and constitutional discussion all the unlawful acts which might thereafter be committed. Unfortunately, it was matter for astonishment and lamentation, that after all that had been done to enlighten and educate the people-and he would fearlessly add, to improve their con dition and promote their comforts-there should be found in this country men, by the hundred and the thousand, ready to assemble together for the absurd, the insane, the suicidal purpose of throwing men in their own circumstances out of employment, and thus increasing terribly the distress which unhappily existed.

General Nott recaptures the fortress of Ghuznee, on his march to Cabul. "I ordered," he writes, "the fortification and citadel to be destroyed, because it had been the scene of treachery, mutilation, torture, starvation, and cruel murder to our unresisting and imprisoned countrymen.

in

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8.-The sandal-wood gates of Somnauth taken from the tomb of Sultan Mahmoud at the village of Roza. "The work," writes Major Rawlinson, was performed by Europeans, and all possible delicacy was observed not desecrating the shrine further than was absolutely necessary. The guardians of the tomb, when they perceived our object, retired to one corner of the court and wept bitterly; and when the removal was effected, they again prostrated themselves before the shrine, and uttered loud lamentations. only remark was, 'You are lords of the country, and can of course work your will on us; bu why this sacrilege? of what value can these old timbers be to you? while to us they are as the breath of our nostrils.' The reply was.

Their

The gates are the property of India; taken from it by one conqueror, they are restored to it by another. We leave the shrine undesecrated, and merely take our own.' The sensation is less than might have been expected, and no doubt the Moollahs who have had the guardianship of the tomb for generations in their family, will be the chief sufferers by the measare. Mr. Rawlinson thought the gates were not of the time of Sultan Mahmoud, but as recent as Sultan Abdool Rizak, who built the walls of Ghuznee, and was himself buried in a rude mausoleum in the outskirts of Roza. This opinion he formed by contrasting the pretended ancient Cufic inscription with another in the Nuskh character on the reverse of the sarcophagus.

8.-General Pollock defeats Akbar Khan first at Jugdulluk and then in the valley of Tezeen. No further opposition being offered to the advance of the British through the passes, they encamped on the race-ground at Cabul two days afterwards. The city was taken possession of on the 15th.

11. While the Affghan captives were being conveyed to what was to all appearances a hopeless captivity among the Oosbegs, the commander of the escort, Saleh Mahomed, is bribed to break through his instructions, and convey them in the direction of Cabul in the hope of meeting the British forces.

13.-To put an end to certain ministerial difficulties existing in Lower Canada, Sir Chas. Fagot resolves upon the re-admission of French Canadians and Reformers to the Government. M. Lafontaine thereupon accepted the post of Attorney-General.

15.-Jubilee of the Preston guild, a festival celebrated every twenty years.

Prince Michael and his family declared to have forfeited all right to the sovereignty of Servia, and Alexander Petrowitsch elected in his place by the national chiefs, acting, it was said, under the influence of Russia.

16.-The Queen arrives off Woolwich this moming at 10 o'clock, on her return voyage from Scotland.

At

"were

20.-Release of the Affghan captives, conEzed by Akbar Khan in various parts throughout the Tezeen valley and at Bameean. the pass near Kote Ashruffe, Sale left his fantry to hold the position, and proceeded at the head of the 3d Dragoons. "A party of Sultan Jan's men," writes Lady Sale, in the neighbourhood. Had we not received stance our recapture was certain, but as it was they dared not attack the force they saw. It is impossible to express our feelings on Sale's approach. When we arrived where the infantry were posted, they cheered all the captives as they passed them, and the men of the 13th pressed forward to welcome us individually. On arriving at the camp, Captain Backhouse fired a royal salute from his mountain-train

guns; and not only our old friends but all the officers in the party came to offer congratu lations, and welcome our return from captivity."

23. Fire in Crampton-street, Liverpool, which spread into Formby-street and Neptunestreet, destroying a number of large warehouses and sheds filled with costly merchandise. The damage was estimated at 700,000l., onehalf being covered by insurances. About twenty lives were supposed to have been lost during the three days the conflagration raged.

24. Died at Kingston House, Knightsbridge, aged 82, the Marquis Wellesley, once Governor-General of India, and twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

27.-Foundation-stone laid of the Victoria Harbour, Dunbar.

Inquiry into the fraud and conspiracy practised upon Mr. Woolley, a Bristol timbermerchant. Ann Morgan and Ann Byers (with the latter of whom he had been entrapped into a marriage) were committed to prison.

28.-Maxwelltown Church, Galloway, de stroyed by fire.

29.-General M'Caskill storms and captures the town of Istalif, Kohistan. By General Pollock's instruction the place was set on fire, a proceeding which excited both native and European soldiers to other acts of wanton cruelty and plunder, much commented on afterwards.

30.-Special Commission opened at Stafford, for the trial of prisoners concerned in the recent riots. Chief Justice Tindal laid down the law in terms similar to those employed by Lord Chief Justice Denman. Speaking of inciting to sedition by inflammatory speeches, he said: "If such charges are brought forward, it must be left to your own sense to distinguish between an honest declaration of the speaker's opinion upon the political subjects on which he treats-a free discussion on matters that concern the public, as to which full allowance should be made for the zeal of the speaker, though he may somewhat exceed the just bounds of moderation-and, on the other hand, a wicked design, by inflammatory statement and crafty and subtle arguments, to poison the minds of the hearers, and render them the instruments of mischief. He that addresses himself to a crowded auditory of the poorer class, without employment or occupation, and brooding at the time over their wrongs, whether real or imaginary, will not want hearers ready to believe and apt followers of mischievous advice."

the Feargus O'Connor arrested, on charge of exciting to sedition, in Manchester and other towns, during the disturbances in August last.

October 1.-Lord Ellenborough issues a proclamation from Simla, announcing that the