feeling in a strong degree, shew it in every word and look when children are concerned; and these, again, by a reciprocal tact, or, as it is expressed by the Author of Waverley, by a kind of "free-masonry," discover at once persons with whom they may be familiar, aud use all manner of freedoms. It is common, when such an individual appears among them, to see him welcomed with a shout of delight. Other individuals, again, feel the most marked indifference towards children, and are unable to conceal it, when betrayed into their company. Romping disconcerts them, and having no sympathy with children's pranks and prattle, they look on them as the greatest annoyances. The same novelist justly remarks, that if such persons sometimes make advances to children, for the purpose of recommending themselves to the parents, their awkward attempts are instinctively recognised, and fail in attracting reciprocal attention. On examining the heads of two persons thus differently constituted, a prominence, corresponding to this organ, will be discovered in the hind part of the one, which will not be found to the same extent in the other.

It is a remarkable ordination of nature, that the intensity of this feeling bears a proportion to the weakness and helplessness of its objects, rather than to any other of their moral or physical qualities. The mother doats with fondest delight on the infant in the first months of its existence, when it presents fewest attractions to other individuals; and her solicitude and affection are bestowed longest and most intensely on the feeblest member of her family. On this principle, the youngest is the reigning favourite, unless there be some sickly being of maturer age, who then shares with it the maternal sympathies. The primitive function of the faculty seems to be to inspire with an interest in the helplessness of childhood; but it gives also a softness of manner, in treating the feeble and the delicate even in advanced life; and persons in whom this organ is large in combination with Benevolence, are better fitted for the

duties of a sick chamber, than those in whom Philoprogenitiveness is small. The natural language of the faculty is soft, tender, and condescending. It is essential to a successful teacher of children. Individuals in whom the organ is deficient, have little sympathy with the feelings of the youthful mind, and their tones and manner of communicating instruction repel, instead of engaging, the affections of the scholar. This is the cause why some persons, whose manner, in intercourse with their equals, is unexceptionable, are nevertheless greatly disliked as teachers; and children are generally in the right in their antipathies, although their parents and guardians, judging by their own feelings, imagine them actuated altogether by caprice.

It has been remarked by Mr SCOTT, that the fondness which unmarried females, or married ladies who have no children, sometimes lavish "on animals, generally of the smaller and more delicate kinds, whom they nurse and pamper with a degree of devotedness and affection, which can be compared only to that of a mother for her children," probably has its origin in this faculty. The feeling seems the same, its objects only being different; and, instead of overwhelming such individuals with ridicule, they deserve our forbearance at least, if not respect, as "they are merely following the bent of a strong natural propensity, implanted in them for the wisest purposes, and which, in more favourable circumstances, would have rendered them affectionate mothers, and excellent mistresses of families."

This propensity furnishes the spirit of lullabies, and inspires the poet and dramatist in many of their representations. WORDSWORTH manifests it strongly, and some of the faults of his manner are clearly attributable to an excess of its influence. It characterizes the Lake school of poetry in general.

The feeling produced by this faculty is so intense and delightful, that no other is more liable to abuse. When too energetic, and not regulated by judgment, it leads to

pampering and spoiling children; to irrational anxieties regarding them, and sometimes to the most extravagant conceit of their supposed excellencies. When misapplied, it defeats the object of its institution; for, instead of conducing to the protection and happiness of children, it renders them highly miserable. When the organ is deficient, indifference and regardlessness about offspring are the consequences. Children are then felt as a heavy burden; they are abandoned to the care of menials, or altogether neglected, and left to encounter the perils and distresses incident to tender age, without solace or protection. Instances have been known (as in the case of the Countess of MACCLESFIELD, mother of the poet SAVAGE), of mothers who conceived an unaccountable and seemingly causeless hatred against their own offspring, and who persecuted them with relentless severity. Dr GALL knew, at Vienna, a lady, who loved her husband tenderly, and who managed the concerns of her household with intelligence and activity, but who sent from home, as soon as they saw the light, all the nine children to whom she successively gave birth, and for years never asked to see them. She herself was somewhat ashamed of this indifference, and could not account for it to herself. To quiet her conscience, she insisted upon her husband seeing them every day, and taking a charge of their education. From deficiency of the organ also, combined with other feelings in a strong degree, probably arises the cruelty of such barbarous mothers as ISABEL of Bavaria, of whom history relates that she stifled all the sentiments of affection due to her children.

Among twenty-nine infanticides whom DRS GALL and SPURZHEIM had occasion to examine, the organ of the Love of Children was very feebly developed in twenty-five. Dr GALL has oftener than once made the remark, that it is not this defect in development alone which determines a mother to child-murder; but that individuals defective in this respect, yield sooner than others to those unfavourable circumstances which lead to the crime, because they are

not endowed with that profound feeling which, in the heart of a good mother, will rise victorious over every such temptation.

In selecting a nurse or child's maid, the phrenologist will be directed by the development of this organ. This application of the science, when mentioned to those who have not studied the subject, generally excites a smile; and certainly, if the size of the part of the brain in question were no indication of instinctive affection for children, no test for qualification could be more justly deserving of ridicule than the one now recommended; but, on the other hand, if the organ be an unerring index of this disposition (which it is, otherwise all we are now considering is a delusion), no weakness can be greater than that which would fear to appeal to it, because it might provoke a smile in those who are ignorant that nature has established the function.

The head of the male is generally broader and rounder, and that of the female longer and narrower, when contrasted with each other. This arises partly from the organ of Philoprogenitiveness being more developed in the female head, and causing the occiput to project. The portion of brain placed in the occiput is greater in women than in men, though the entire brain of the woman is smaller than that of the man. This difference is observable in the foetal skull of the two sexes; and is conspicuous in boys and girls. The manifestations even in the earliest periods of life correspond; for the girl shews attachment to dolls and infants, while the boy is addicted to romping and athletic sports. A curious practical example of the difference in this feeling betwixt males and females in general occurs in MORIER'S Travels in Persia. "The surgeons of the Embassy" says he, "endeavoured to introduce vaccination among the Persians, and their efforts at first were very successful; but on a sudden its progress was checked by the government itself. Several of the King's Ferashes were placed at the gate of the Ambassador's hotel, nominally as a mark of attention to his Excellency, but really to stop all women from going

to our surgeons. They said that if the people wanted their children to be vaccinated, the fathers, and not the mothers, were to take them to the surgeons, by which means the eagerness for vaccination was stopped; for we soon discovered that the males did not feel one-half the same anxiety for their offspring as the women."-Second Journey through Persia, p. 191.

There are, nevertheless, exceptions to this general rule. Sometimes the occipital part of the brain is feebly developed in a woman, and has acquired a very large size in a man. In such cases, the dispositions will be found to correspond to the development. Dr GALL conjectures, that in these cases the woman will be found to resemble her father, and the man his mother, unless this peculiar conformation should be hereditary in the family. There are men thus organized who have a particular affection for children, and in whom the organs of Amativeness and Adhesiveness are small,who bear the loss of an affectionate wife, with a resignation which appears very philosophic, while the death of an infant plunges them into a deep and lasting grief. The want of children is with such men a constant source of uneasiness, and often this circumstance causes them to treat with unkindness a partner exceedingly estimable in all other respects.

Dr GALL observes, that we find this organ more developed in some mothers than in others. It is generally large in Negroes; and infanticide is a crime almost unknown among that variety of the species. Persons well acquainted with their character assure us, that they never heard of such a erime committed by a black. The organ is commonly well developed even in male Negroes; and we find that Negro men often consent to take charge of children. Travellers report that the Tungusians and the inhabitants of North America are singularly fond of their children. Dr GALL mentions, that, in the skulls of two Tungusians and a North American Indian, which he had seen at Gottingen in the collection of Professor BLUMENBACH, this organ was