was the more easily persuaded to decide the controversy between the (two rival) Sees (of the two rival cities), Rome and Constantinople, in favour of the See of Rome, because of his hatred to Cyriacus the Patriarch of Constantinople, who, unlike the Roman Bishops (Boniface and his predecessor Gregory the Great), had remonstrated with the Emperor for his crimes, whilst the Roman Bishops had palliated his conduct. This Phocas had "settled himself on the imperial throne by the murder of Mauritius, his lawful Sovereign, and the massacre of his six children, and of all his friends and relations. Five of the children he caused to be inhumanly butchered in the presence of their father." This man's rescript gave to the Popes that supremacy for which the two rival hierarchs of Rome and Constantinople had long contended; and afterwards the Pope's fetched about for a divine right to uphold a human wrong, and they stumbled on the fable of Peter's supremacy and their succession!

Such is the testimony of one who had ample opportunities of examining, and every motive of prejudice and interest to remain in the Roman Church. His book is a sufficient warrant for the summary in the Preface. The beginning of Popery is like its progress and its maturity: the Universal Bishopric began under the auspices of a tyrant and a murderer; it goes on by tyranny and murder. It is the tyrant over individuals, the fomenter of wars, the disturber of kingdoms; it is the great monster nuisance and climax of iniquity. The author of "the History of the Popes," commencing as a Papist, soon became a Protestant, and gave to this free country to complete his work, as a warning to others.

Certainly, the stream of history does not tend to prove the divine origin of the Papacy: "by their fruits shall ye know them." Nor is it in the nature of history to prove the right of any spiritual domination, even though mildly exercised.

III. We turn, then to SACRED HISTORY; the documents of historical and doctrinal Christianity to search for this Papal primacy. The first thing obvious is, that the Pope is never mentioned; and that the inspired word, though telling everything about Christ, says nothing of the Roman organization, outside of which, as they say, we cannot be saved; therefore, either the inspired word is worthless, not teaching the way of salvation; or the Pope is a vast impertinence. Either the Bible, written by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, is a ridiculous failure; or the Pope is a ridiculous Sham. The Papal supremacy is the essential point of Papacy, on which they say even Christianity depends; yet Christianity, in its inspired documents, never mentions this essential point! So the New Testament does not teach Christianity !*

Even the supremacy of Peter is a false pretence; and, therefore, the * Speaking of the progress of his historical inquiries when a Roman dignitary, Archibald Bower, observes, "In spite of my then endeavours to the contrary, reason getting the better of the strongest prejudices, I began to look upon the Pope's supremacy (utterly unknown during the first three centuries), not only as a prerogative quite chimerical, but as the most impudent attempt that had ever been made. I say, in spite of my endeavours to the contrary; for I was very unwilling to give up a POINT UPON WHICH I had been taught by Bellarmine (Bellar. Pref. de Sum Pont) that the WHOLE OF CHRISTIANITY DEPENDED; especially in a country where a man cannot help being afraid even of his own thoughts, since upon the least suspicion of his only calling in question any of the received opinions, he may depend upon by more cogent arguments than in Mood and Figure."-Logical Forms.

succession of the Pope is a double falsehood, pretending to be the vicar of Peter, who has no vicar, and to be the successor of Peter in what Peter never possessed. They who ransack tradition for tales, or history for events respecting Rome's elevation, should at least consult the history of the New Testament, in which Peter has no authority over other Apostles; but is himself entirely eclipsed by the Apostle Paul.

It was with great difficulty that Peter was induced to visit a Gentile; and even then he returned to the duty he seemed most attached to,-the instruction of the Jews; insomuch that PAUL, who was converted about the time of Peter's vision and mission to Cornelius, was described as a chosen vessel to bear the name of Christ "before Kings and the Gentiles." And Peter had nothing to do, either with this mission or with Paul's baptism; but Ananias, one unknown to ecclesiastical fame, receives Paul into the Church; PETER IS NEITHER EMPLOYED NOR CONSULTED. So Paul was not in Peter's line. And when Paul joined the Apostles, he declares that they added nothing to him; gave kim neither knowledge nor authority. So WAS PETER'S SUPREMACY IGNORED by him who was "not a whit behind the chiefest of the Apostles," and whose only submission to Peter was to withstand him to the face, because he was to be blamed. Who dare so deal with the Pope. And after Paul is appointed to the universal office, his labours are recorded in the Acts, whilst Peter is almost passed by,-left in obscurity with the Jewish converts. And Paul proceeds to write nearly all the letters, telling us that he has the apostleship of the Gentiles, and Peter that of circumcision, so that the ONLY SUCCESSOR TO PETER IS THE SECRETARY of the Society for the Conversion of the Jews. Peter was no bishop at all, but an Apostle; and was confined chiefly to the Jews: the Pope is not an Apostle, but a so-called Bishop, and is confined to the Gentiles.

Peter's Lord would not divide the property between two brothers, saying he was no divider of secular goods; but the Pope claims kingdoms, and distributes international injustice. Peter's master refused to be made a king the Pope tries hard to keep being one. Our Lord refused the kingdoms of this world; but the Pope, who is vicar of Christ as well as of Peter, has struck a bargain with Satan, taken the bribe, and will have to return it, as his contract is nearly run out.

Peter was a married man; the Pope forbids and disowns it, and says that Peter put away his wife; whereas our Lord restored her to health, and forbade the putting of them away save for adultery: so they must either traduce Peter's wife, or deny Peter's Lord.

The perverts send their wives to a nunnery; but Peter had no such asylum in which to bury his widow alive, like Roman Hindoos. Peter, with the keys of the kingdom, opened the Gospel to the Jews and proselytes on the day of Pentecost; the Pope pretends to have the keys, that he may lock the gospel up,-first in a musty library, second, in the second-hand vulgate Latin,-third, in the sense of the Church,-fourth, in infamous notes,-fifth, in pastoral licenses. Peter wrote epistles, but no bulls, nor ever signed with the fisherman's seal; therefore, the Pope is not only a Sham Peter, but a very cluinsy sham.

Peter said, I exhort the elders, being myself an elder, feed the flock of God not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready

mind. The Pope commands and forces, by virtue of Apostolical obedience.

Peter forbade them to be lords over God's heritage; the Pope says he is a lord, and he requires the filthy lucre of purgatory money and Peterpence, which should be called Pope-pence. Peter said, silver and gold have I none; the Pope says, I have the revenues of kings, and tax the world. Peter said, "all of you be subject one to another;" the Pope says, all of you be subject to me.

Is he not a SHAM PETER?

Does not Newman tell us that we can detect the false only by presenting the true? Here, then, is the false Peter detected by the presence of the true Peter. Not only do they exalt Peter to a supremacy which did not belong to him, that they may sit in Peter's chair which does not belong to them, but they insult Paul, who said, I have the CARE OF ALL THE CHURCHES: he did not think of Peter as sharing in his authority. So they next steal the Apostle Paul's signature, and say they are successors to both. They say the Evangelists, enumerating the disciples, write first Simon called Peter; and, therefore, because first on the list, he is primate. But Paul says, and he speaks not of numeration, but of rank, God hath set in the Church FIRST APOSTLES, so all the Apostles were first hence there was no individual primacy; and, therefore, the Pope had better succeed them all. And because the Apostle Paul, withstood Peter to the face, they say, this does not remove the primacy (a thing that does not need removing, since it does not exist); this fabled primacy, they say, was not removed by this, because an inferior may withstand superior, when that superior is wrong. But this gives the right of private judgment, and DESTROYS THE AUTHORITY OF SPIRITUAL SUPERIORS, who are in God's place, as the Pope's priests pretend; and, therefore, inferiors have no business to think them wrong.

a

But Dr. Challoner is very bold, and says, that the command to be humble is consistent with lordship, for Christ being Lord, was yet also a servant; though humble, he is our ruler. But the hypocrites do not add, that Christ also says, it SHALL NOT BE SO AMONG YOU BE NOT YE MASTERS, for ONE is your Master EVEN CHRIST; and ALL ye are

brethren.

And Peter says, do not lord it over God's heritage; but the Pope says, I am a Lord, the ruler of Christendom; then, Sir, you are a Sham Peter. The Pope is styled his "holiness;" Peter said, I am a sinful man, O Lord.

Christ called Simon, Cephas, or a STONE; and Paul warned men against setting up the authority of one Apostle above another; for one saith, I am of Paul; another, I am of Apollos; and I of CEPHAS,-that is, of Peter,-in other words, I AM A ROMAN CATHOLIC. So Paul condemned the Roman heresy in his days.

And Christ said, call no man father on earth; for one is your father in heaven,—that is, call no human being your spiritual father in the sense of your soul's ruler; now the Pope is father. It is the name Christ forbade, and used in the way Christ forbade it, namely, as a spiritual master and authority. And this FORBIDDEN ELEMENT is by the Pope made THE ESSENTIAL of salvation. The fathership is the centre and sun of the system; hence Wiseman says, England has returned to her orbit round

the centre of unity; that is, to the Papacy or fathership which Christ condemned. So they make that essential which is forbidden. For the Pope in Italian, is Papa, and his religion is not Christianity, but PAPA-CY, fathership condemned in express terms by the centre of Christianity. Therefore, in all things the Pope is a Sham.

We have in the Exhibition the Koh-i-Noor, or Mountain of Light, a gem of rare value; and a manufacturer has undertaken to give us facsimiles of it-glass imitations. But should he exchange the imitations for the diamond, and sell his glass for a precious stone, it would be an infamous robbery. So our Lord made Simon into a precious stone—a gem, and the Pope comes to pass off upon the world a most wretched and gaudy flash imitation, and charges dearly for the sham. It is time the eyes of his followers were opened; it is time that the nations repudiated, in the name of reason, in the name of liberty, in the name of our common manhood, in the name of Christ and his gospel, this Papaship, which holds the world in spiritual childishness; and, breaking away from the wiles of this Dalilah-Church, arose in renovated power (the spirit of the Lord coming on them mightily,) to pull down this temple of the Philistines, and bury for ever the God Dagon, the Fish God, the Fisherman's Sham!

THE SECOND SHAM,

THE SHAM CHURCH,

CALLED

THE INFALLIBLE, ETC.

Ir would seem that Birmingham, the heart of England, is chosen as the grand point of attack on which the Roman invaders concentrate their choicest forces, composed of deserters and spies, who have staid long enough in the Protestant citadel to find that they could not open the door to the enemy, and so have entered upon the forlorn hope of scaling the walls with a troop of runagates and spiritual desperadoes.

Fortunately, they have found it hot work; for whilst they relied on the faithlessness of the officers and regular troops, they have discovered that the civilians are the true strength of Protestantism, and will hold the fortress whilst they drum out the regiments-horse and foot-and rout them, after allowing an honourable retreat to these non-natural defenders. Never was a more ill-concerted expedition,-relying on the faithless to pervert others: whereas they receive only their own again; they go out from us because they are not of us, and take nobody with them. No! the rector or vicar of a parish shall go over to Rome and not carry off so much for a trophy as one washerwoman's bonnet. The villagers stare, and the townsmen shrug their shoulders, and follow? No, but petition for an evangelical in the interim, till the remnants of Rome are obliterated from the established formularies.

The Psuedo-King we have already dethroned by the verdict of Scripture, and a contrast between the original Peter and the priest's flash imitation. The pretensions of a man on earth" to be called our authoritative spiritual "Father," Papa, or Pope, were utterly annihilated by the express words of Christ; and by the contrast between the Pope and Peter, the Pope and Christianity. But if the Pope be destroyed, what becomes of Popery, which is founded on him? It gives way to Christianity,

which is founded on Christ.

Is there any priest in all England who dare venture to defend the Pope's claims to a supremacy vested in Peter? If so, let him stand forth; if not, let the Papist's close their mouths in silence and shame.

Dr. Newman, the patron of the Mandarins must no longer complain that the "Pope and Pagan go together," for Popery is Paganism; nor need he condemn the toast which he has celebrated-" the Pope, the