reading this passage, for LIBERTY PUT CHRIST, who is the champion of liberty, and its true author.

"O liberty! whom the nations welcome with triumphant shouts, whom all to whom the world owes its progress have worshipped-over how many graves hast thou walked!' Rising with the morning's dawn, making all people radiant with thy presence, the poet thrills as thy chariot is borne on the sun's golden beams, and he hails thee as a goddess, and blesses thee as a bride, and sings of thy triumphs nnd benefactions! But those who serve thee-who make their lives a sad and desert waste that thy pathway through the world may be unobstructed-who kneel to thee in their dungeon-churches, and pour out the incense of life's young warm blood at gibbet-altars: they know thee by thy gory garments, dripping with the blood of the father and the tear of the orphan, and the desolation which precedes thy progress. The anthems of thy march are hollow voices from Siberia's mines, and Vincennes' cells-the wail of women under the Russian knout, the groans of Konarski, and the whistle of bullets which slay the Bandiera and Blum-thy trophies are the fresh graves of Hungary and Rome, thy throne is on a hecatomb of earth's noblest and bravest sons. Yet art thou still sacred in the eyes of man. Queen of genius and progress! emblem of that suffering through which humanity is purified and developed! Thou hast trodden on the grave of my child, and I worship thee still, although thou mayst yet tread on my own.'

Are we then to abjure liberty as a tyrant, because in her interests men have suffered, then in like manner traduce him whose constitution of freedom has called forth so many swords of tyrants from their scabbards, to flesh themselves on his faithful and self-sacrificing followers!

It was thus that Christ sent a sword on the earth, and caused divisions, as he inspired men with principle to withstand the tyranny of office and power, noble men whose courage and edurance exasperated kings and governors, and braved the dungeon, the lions, the stake, fines, banishments, civil disabilities,-all forms of oppression and indignity.

Such men were the Apostles of our Lord; his confessors and martyrs; such were our Protestant, Puritan, and Nonconformist forefathers, to whose sufferings both Infidels and Christians owe their present liberties. Notwithstanding these sufferings in his name, who has given us the freedom to "call no man master, on earth," we do not upbraid him, but say with our Author, "yet thou art still sacred in the eyes of man,KING of genius and progress, emblem (and instance) of that suffering by which humanity is purified and developed :—we worship thee STILL.

(To be continued.)

REVIEWS AND CRITICISMS.

The Cross and the Crucifix; or, Popery, what it is, and how to repress it. By the Rev. R. S. SHORT. London: B. L. Green. Lincoln: Charles Akrill.

This instructive and well-written pamphlet, contains the substance of a Lecture delivered before the members and friends of the "Lincoln Young Men's Mutual Improvement Society;" and is published at the request of the audience.

Much information is condensed into a short space, and in a readable style, fairly answering the title-" Popery, what it is:" whilst the principles advocated, shew that the Lecturer understands the true methods of "repressing" Popery.

Such principles are required, not only for meeting naked Popery, but to become the salt of our cathedral towns.

Popish Intolerance. Is the imposition of salutary restrictions upon Popery, inconsistent with the principles of religious toleration? By the Rev. Verner M. WHITE, A.B. Minister of the Presbyterian Church, Islington, Liverpool. London: Ward and Co.

Mr. White has adduced abundant evidence of the intolerance of Rome; but no proofs that there are any such things as "salutary restrictions;" his attempt would have been more satisfactory had he not looked at Rome in the light of the late papal agitation question; in which men have aimed at words, while they have missed realities. The only salutary restrictions we can conceive of, are such as shall defend the property of the dying, and the liberty of the living. The priests may, for aught we care, call themselves any fine name they please, providing they be checked by the force of law, from unjust and tyrannical dealings with the property and liberties of men. We refer to religious bequests and religious (!) houses.

Mr. White has joined in the infatuated supposition that such Protestants as do not agree with the legislation against the assumption of a cardinalate, " can see no harm in Popery;" this is a vile and shameless calumny: when will this class of controversialists learn that truth and candour are due to opponents?

After quoting part of the Romish canon law, which confiscates to the Church, all the possessions of heretics, he observes—“ this glorious code, now the law of England, which only lacks the power to enforce it," &c.

But what sort of a law of England is that which "only lacks the power” of enforcement?

This unfortuuate admission, shews at once the folly of being terrified at nominal laws; the rules of the Romish Church can never touch us till they are the laws of the land; and they will never attain to this dignity by any Bull from Rome. They are not now the law of England. In reply to the very natural objection, that "all Churches have persecuted when they have had the power, and therefore, Rome is not worse than others," Mr. White observes, that "the principles of a Church are to be drawn from her standards," and boldly enquires, "will the advocate of Rome open up the standards of Protestant Churches, and fix on one passage authorizing persecution?

"I have given such passages from the standards of Rome, I challenge the Papist to give one solitary passage from ours."

We have not the Presbyterian standards at hand, but our memory is very treacherous or we have seen some rather strong assertions in them, respecting the sword of the Magistrate; even as far as the death of idolators.

Whilst of this we are fully certain, that this opponent of Roman canon law, must be completely ignorant of the canons of the English Church; which are standards, and the Romanist could open up and quote them, so as to astonish Mr. White. It is a pity he puts the controversy on so dangerous an issue.

Notwithstanding these defects and serious mistakes, the work contains much valuable information respecting the intolerance of Rome, deduced from authorized sources.

Faith and Order. Hints to Candidates for Church Fellowship. By the Rev. J. S. PEARSALL, Bristol. London: J. Snow.

This is an able and clear exposition of Church principles; and is admirably adapted to the minds of enquirers. It is a convenient little Manual to be put into the hands of such, to guide them in the most important crisis of their spiritual experience. It would be well if the wealthier members of our congregations would place such books at the disposal of ministers and deacons, for gratuitous distribution.

Scripture Subjects, put into simple verse for the Young. By Edward MILLER. London: John Snow.

This little book is divided into three parts, in each of which, a variety of Scriptural topics is discussed, every subject being discussed in a separate verse.

"Part I. The Characters of Jesus Christ.

Part II. Scripture Characters.

Part III. Various Subjects and Hymns."

The verses are headed with a Scriptural reference; our readers will best understand the nature of the work, and may judge of its execution, by an average specimen from "Part I. the Characters of Jesus."

"ADVOCATE.

(1 John ii. 1; Hebrews vii. 25.)

See how he stands and pleads with God,
For those for whom he shed his blood;
Nor will he ever cease t' implore,

Till they shall need his prayers no more."

Sermons for the Times. Discourses on the Leading Questions of the Age, in regard to Religion. By the Rev. PROFESSOR THOLUCK, of Halle. Translated from the German, by W. FARRER, LL.D. London: Ward and Co.

The first of this series of discourses, entitled "The Worth of Human Reason," will repay perusal, especially as bringing out into prominence one side of a truth apt to be overlooked,-the influence of the moral feelings upon the judgment.

We hope the series will be encouraged; the first number is published at the small price of threepence; and is truly done out of German into English.

Confirmation neither Reasonable nor Scriptural, a Letter of Expostulation to the Rev. Francis Cunningham, Vicar of Lowestoft. By A CONFIRMED DISSENTER. London: Jarrold and Sons, St. Paul's Church-Yard.

We heartily wish that all vicars had such confirmed Dissenters under their cure. This cheap tract contains in twelve pages, a plain, Scriptural, and candid examination of the confirmation doctrine, as held and practised in the Establishment: it would do our friends the Evangelicals good to read it; and we trust it will have a wide circulation amongst Dissenters; such a tract should be largely distributed when confirmations are being enacted.

This Tract on Confirmation, is a fitting successor to one formerly noticed in our pages, written, as we suppose, by the same author, entitled "Protestant Priestism, &c." The writer would do well to print all his tracts of a uniform size.

Auricular Confession and Popish Nunneries. By William HOGAN, formerly a Roman Catholic Priest. With Notes. Fifth Edition. London: Ward and Co. This is certainly an extraordinary book; somewhat prolix in style, and intentionally rambling in the arrangement or non-arrangement of its topics.

We are quite at a loss how to review it; and can only say that if it be a true history (which only the enormity of its disclosures almost inclines us to doubt,) nothing in the shape of facts is more damaging to the character of the Romish priesthood: whilst nothing displays more forcibly the foolish and blind subservience of the faithful to their Shepherds.

The writer of this work, on abandoning the priesthood, entered into the profession of the law, in America, in which he attained to high distinction. Whilst amongst the priests, he had an excellent character from ecclesiastical dignitaries; and whatever they might say against him afterwards, (for they always try to kill the reputation of such as leave them, when they can do no more,) his good character was confirmed in his new profession: so that his word comes sufficiently accredited.

Popery and Puseyism Illustrated: A Series of Essays, with Appeals to the Sunday School Teachers of England. By John CAMPBELL, D.D. London: John Snow.

"The cry is still they come," bullets thick and fast, aimed at the power of the beast; an unexampled ardour in the defence of our Protestant principles, and vigorous aggression on the territory of Rome.

Dr. Campbell joins the ranks in this effective production, aiming to fulfil the desire expressed in his motto-"I wish I could breathe thunderclaps against the Pope and Popery; and that every word was a thunderbolt !"-Luther.

The work before us is mainly addressed to Sunday School Teachers; though of course equally adapted to Protestants in general.

Nor is the Dr. contented with this thunderbolt, another is already forged, and is about to be launched: this second work he tells us is already being revised for the press, and is to be entitled "Popery, Ancient and Modern, &c." This more finished and complete work on Popery, is to contain thirty-six chapters, embracing the main points of the great controversy.

The numerous engagements of this indefatigable writer in his weekly and monthly productions, may well excite some surprise when they leave room for more considerable undertakings: we hail with much satisfaction, this illustration of "Popery and Puseyism."

Providence and Prophecy; or God's hand fulfilling his word; more especially in the Revolutions of 1848, and subsequent events. By the Rev. William REES. London: H. Hughes. Liverpool: M. A. Jones.

Mr. Rees has presented us with an exceedingly interesting and instructive little volume, containing much important information, and abounding in enlightened principles. We heartily desire for it an extensive circulation.

The substance of this work, was originally delivered as Lectures, in the Author's native Welsh, and is here offered in good English.

The following are the Contents of the first Six Chapters :

CHAP. I. General and Special Providence.

II. The Nature and causes of Revolutions, &c.

III. The Events of 1848 anticipated in Scripture; their character, &c. Russia, why formidable. The Creed of Despots, &c.

IV. A glance at the state of Europe, from the downfall of Napoleon to the present time; the Holy Alliance; Metternich, &c.

V. Commotions in Italy; Charles Albert; Pio Nono; Outbreak in Paris, &c. VI. Louis Phillippe's policy, intrigues, &c. Flight of the Pope and Cardinals. There are six other chapters, but the above will be a sufficient intimation to our readers of the line taken up by Mr. Rees.

Whilst heartily welcoming this contribution to devout and liberal politics, we shall perhaps be singular in regretting that the Author did not leave "the little horn" in the Revelations, entirely to the possession of a different class of Protestants. We hope Mr. Rees will be encouraged to address the English public again.

I.

CHRIST'S RELIGION.

"PROVE ALL THINGS; HOLD FAST THAT WHICH IS GOOD." 1 Thess. v. 12.

THE TRUE APOSTLES' CREED;

OR THE NEW TESTAMENT CANON OF LIFE AND DOCTRINE, IN THE PERSON OF JESUS CHRIST.

IN examining this important subject, the canon or standard and test of religious truth and duty,-TRUTH IN JESUS, we have noticed the peculiarity of the rule, its actual adoption in the New Testament, and its fitness for the purpose intended.

We proceed in the next place to point out SOME OF THE OBVIOUS DEDUCTIONS or lessons to be learned from the fact of this peculiar, Scriptural, and appropriate standard.

Undoubtedly God had some wise purpose to answer, in adopting this particular, forcible, and attractive means of conveying his truth to mankind; the most prominent tendency and intention of which appears to have been to preserve that truth pure from any foreign and base inter

mixture.

This first purpose then was its preservation; the second its efficiency and purity.

Different methods have been adopted for the preservation of truths, facts, and evidence, amongst men; various memorials of events and depositories of doctrines to keep certain points in the memory of men; that they may be within our reach, and form materials of reference, for history, doctrine and commercial transactions.

The tradesman has his various books, as private records for his own satisfaction and that of his creditors: men possessing property, place the truth of it in title deeds and other legal instruments, which are deposited in a place of safety for future appeal, thus also wills are set down in writing and preserved for the purposes of defence and justice. All litigation is settled by an appeal to the truth in these documents.

The boundary stones of parishes and estates, answer the same important end the foundation stone of a public edifice with the accompanying inscription, is to provide a permanent record of its intended purpose,and secure it to the uses of the party or for the opinions by which it was erected, or to which it was devoted.

Public monuments and inscriptions which are intended to commemorate great events, become points of reference for antiquarians; and like