His disappointment at not being raised, as he had expected, to the Bishopric of London, was strangly and offensively expressed. Preaching at court he took occasion to remark that all preferments were bestowed on the most illiterate and worthless objects, and as he said this, turned about and stared full at Bishop Terrick, who had been recently

appointed to that see.

Many stories are told crediting Warburton with smart and humorous sayings. When Lord Lyttleton, after holding the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer for a short time, was obliged to retire from incapacity, and was succeeded by Mr. Dowdeswell, Warburton remarked that there was a curious contrast between the two Chancellors, "for the one could never in his life learn that two and two made four, while the other had never learned anything else."

The following extract from "Priestley's Memoirs" gives the origin of a saying that has become proverbial: "I have frequently heard," said the late Lord Sandwich, in a debate on the Test Laws, "of the words orthodoxy and heterodoxy ; but I confess myself at a loss to know precisely what they mean." "Orthodoxy, my Lord," said Bishop Warburton in a whisper, orthodoxy is my doxy, and heterodoxy is another man's doxy."

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Mr. Counsell tells a story that on the occasion of the Bishop being enthroned he was attended by two vergers whose antiquated appearance tempted him to jocosely remark, "I suppose, gentlemen, you have been here ever since the Reformation." Mr. Counsell, however, does not give the reply which tradition attributes to one of these venerable officials, who being somewhat deaf and mistaking the observation, promptly answered "Yes, my lord, we have." This incident, if it happened at all, was connected with his installation as prebend, as it was then that he made his first acquaintance with the vergers, who must have been well-known to him when he returned to the cathedral as Bishop.

The sincerity, as well as the soundness of his religious belief, has been questioned both by friends and foes. The broadness of his views led the French to ask whether he was really in earnest as the defender of revelation; and Voltaire thought that instead of being rewarded for his writings with a bishopric, he ought rather to have been required by the Church to recant and ask pardon for the freedom with which he had expressed his opinions. Bishop Hoadley, ranking him with writers who "change sides, receding from their first positions and pretences," preserved his letters that he might some day be amused with his inconsistencies. Cradock, speaking of his work on "Prodigies and Miracles" which his friends were anxious to buy up as having a deistical tendency, says "its great author almost daily gave instances. of not being strictly orthodox." Dr. Parr, while seeing no ground to believe him to be inclined to infidelity, yet thought his light manner of expressing himself on sacred subjects was sufficient to make many suspect his sincerity. The opinion of Rowland Hill is freely expressed in his "Village Dialogues," where, quoting an expression used by Warburton, "in the exertion of his zeal against modern enthusiasts," he adds :'Though a bishop of a Church which so repeatedly insists on divine influences, yet, like many others, he entirely denied all divine influences whatever; thus he completely reduced Christianity to a system of deism, or of natural religion, as it is called, while he pretended to vindicate her sacred cause.”

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Although he preached and wrote on the "Nature and End of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper," he is said to have been "extremely lax in his attendance on the communion, even when regard to his office and character seemed to require his presence."

As an instance of the intense attention with which he sometimes followed a train of thought, it is related that on one occasion, riding on horseback from Brant Broughton to Bilton Hall, he passed through the village of Fulbeck, where a fire was raging at the house of Mr. Fane, without at all

noticing the circumstance, appearing to those who saw him to be absorbed in some subject of meditation.

Of himself and his literary habits, he says, writing to Dr. Doddridge, in 1740, “I am naturally very indolent, and apt to be disgusted with what has been any time in my hands." "Distractions of various kinds, inseparable from human life, joined with a habit naturally melancholy, contribute greatly to increase my indolence." To keep himself at work, he says, he had recourse to an old expedient: that of setting the press on work, and so oblige myself unavoidably to keep it going." Another voluminous writer-Thomas Scott--is said to have written much of his " Commentary" "with the printing press clanking at his heels."

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He

His domestic affections seem to have been strong. was a devoted son and a good brother. Though marrying late in life he appears to have lived happily with his wife, whom he described 66 as one of the finest women in England," to whom to offer up his freedom was to be more free." His love for his son was deep and tender. Two of his sisters, he says, married "unhappily, and a third, on the point of venturing, escaped the hazard, and so engages my care only for herself." This sister lies buried in Dursley Church, where there is a monument to her memory, describing her as "Mrs. Frances Warburton, sister of William Warburton, D.D., Bishop of Gloucester; a woman of an excellent understanding, with a benevolent and compassionate heart." The Bishop's widow married the Rev. Stafford Smith, who had been his chaplain, and who, by the presentation of Hurd, became Rector of Fladbury, near Evesham, a living worth more than £700 a year. She died in 1796.

Bishop Newton confirms the impressions which come from other quarters as to Warburton's person and habits. "He was," says the Bishop, "rather a tall, robust, large-boned man, of a frame that seemed to require a good supply of provisions to support it; but he was sensible that if he lived. as other people do, he must have used a good deal of exercise,

and, if he had used a good deal of exercise, it must have interrupted the course of his studies, to which he was so devoted as to deny himself any other indulgence, and so became a singular example, not only of temperance, but of abstinence, in eating and drinking; and yet his spirits were not lowered or exhausted, but rather raised and increased by his low-living."

His works, in seven quarto volumes, edited by Bishop Hurd, were published at the expense of Mrs. Stafford Smith, in 1788. A subsequent edition consisted of twelve volumes octavo, to which a thirteenth, containing "Selections from Warburton's Unpublished Papers," was added by the Rev. Francis Kilvert, M.A., in 1841.

NOTES.

1.-Dr. Ralph Cudworth was installed a prebendary of Gloucester in 1678, and shortly afterwards published his great work "The True Intellectual System of the Universe, wherein the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism are Confuted, and its Impossibility Demonstrated."

2.-In 1767 Hurd was made Archdeacon of Gloucester.

3.-Hurd was translated to the see of Worcester in 1781. As a Bishop he "magnified his office," and deemed it necessary "to support the dignity of his position." He was accustomed to pass through Gloucester on his way to Bristol Hot Wells, in his episcopal coach, with his servants in full dress livery, and a train altogether of twelve attendants!

DEAN TUCKER.

[1712-1799.]

OR nearly two-thirds of last century-from 1735 till 1799-Josiah Tucker was filling clerical offices in Bristol and Gloucestershire, beginning as a curate in a rural parish and ending as Dean of Gloucester Cathedral. He was not a man to pass through life, either in church or world, without its being known that he lived; and in the apparently widely separated spheres of divinity, politics, and commerce he was a prominent figure, taking important parts and having a wide influence.

By family and birth he was a Welshman, the son of a farmer, of Langharne, in Carmarthenshire, where he was born in 1712. His father, having a small estate left him near Aberystwith, removed to that locality, and seeing the mental tastes and abilities of Josiah, he sent him to the Grammar School at Ruthin, in Denbighshire. He was neither mistaken as to his son's talents nor disappointed in his school career the lad made such progress as to secure an exhibition at St. John's College, Oxford.

He proceeded to the University when about 18; and in connection with his life there one of his old friends has told an interesting tale. At that time the journey between Cardiganshire and Oxford was long and tedious, on account of the badness of the roads. 66 Our young student for a time travelled on foot. At length old Mr. Tucker, feeling for his son's reputation as well as for his comfort, gave him his own horse. But at his return, after term, young Josiah, with true