1822.] REVIEW.- Archæologia, Vol. XIX. Queen Elizabeth, in 1570, first at the house of Alderman Becher in London, and then at Loseley in Surrey, the seat f William More, Esq. &c. &c. communicated by William Bray, Esq. Treasurer. To saddle subjects with State Prisoners would now be deemed an enormous hardship, and justly so, for it is punishing the Keeper with responsibility or confinement to his house. Accordingly Messrs. Becher and More soon began to grumble, for they could neither visit out nor travel (p. 266). In Oct. 1570, the Privy Council inquired, "whether the Earl of Southampton came to Common Prayer, or not" (p. 267). Mr. Fosbroke (Berkeley MSS. p. 203) has shown the arbitrary conduct of Archbishop Whitgift, concerning Popish servants, but this of the Common Prayer was not so intolerant as might be supposed; for, under this very same year, Fuller says (Church Hist. Cent. xvi. B. ix. p. 97), "hitherto Papists generally without regret, repaired to the publick places of Divine Service, and were present at our Prayers, Sermons, and Sacraments;" but in this year recusancy commenced; and the Earl's conduct therein was very properly investigated; for faction, not conscience, was the real instigator. Art. XXX. Survey of the Priory of Bridlyngton, co. York, taken about the 32d Hen. VIII. communicated by John Caley, Esq.-This survey is exceedingly valuable, because it is exact, which Mr. Caley says (and where is better authority?) is not the case in general. It contains some curious items. "Md. That all the wyndowes of the ayd towre [gatehouse] be clerely without glasse." P. 271. This fashion is still preserved in Church towers. "Itm. On the North syde of the same gate-house to the Priory-warde, be_dyvers lodgyns and stable for straungers." P. 271. This fashion of apartments for grooms, &c. adjacent to stables, is still also preserved, for these strangers were certainly persons of low rank; superiors being lodged over or near the Guesthall in good rooms. "There be in the same steple seven bells, mete to be rongen all at one tyme, yff it so happen." P. 271. The inference therefore is, that there were steeples, which had bells, not adapted for ringing in concert. 141 The account of the Prior's lodging is very valuable because rare; and it is far more clear than that of the Abbot's at Gloucester. "The Pryor's Lodging. "There standith on the South syde of the seid Churche, the Prior's lodgyng, wherein ys a hawle, to the whiche hall ledyth a stayre of iiii. foote broade, and of xx steppys highe, which stayres be on the South side of the same hall; the seyd hall conteyneth in length from the skyven to the highe deske xviii. pac's, and in breddith x. Pac's, and well covered with lede." ys the Buttrie and Pantrie under one Office, and on the same ende a Chambre called the Audytor's Chamber." "It'. At the South ende of the Hawle, "It'. At the same ende of the Hawle, and on the West syde, ys a fayre plo'r, or a chamber, called the lower som' parlor, ov' the whiche som' parlor or chamber ys another ffayre chamber, covered with lede, and adjoyning to the same highe chamber on the Est syde be thre lytle chambers for servaunts." "It'. At the South ende of the same Hawle ys the Pryor's kechyn, whiche ys an olde kechyn wth three covers covered with lede, and adjoyning to the same kechyn ys there a chamber, called the South Seller's Chamber." P. 273. All these were apartments devoted to visitors and servants. See "Fosbroke's Gloucester," p. 199. The Prior's private habitation is thus described:" "It'. On the North syde of the same hall ys there a great Chamber, where the Priour alwayes dyned, conteyning in lengtht xx pac's, and in breddyth ix pac's, well coveryd withe lede.” "It'. At the West ende of the same great Chamber, ys there a proper lytle chamber, whiche was the Prior's slepyng Chamber, covered wh lede: and ov' the same Chamber ys a garrett.' "It'. At the Est syde of the same great Chamber ys a lytle Chappell, with a closett adjoyning to the same." P. 273. In p. 275, we find a large barn "covered with lead," a custom now unknown. Art. XXXI. A Dissertation on the Lotus of Antiquity. By R. Duppa, Esq.-We seriously believe, that the Longitude and Perpetual Motion will be discovered long before the Botany and Icthyology of the Ancients are ascertained, Mr. Duppa's object is to show, that the Indian plant, known to the Greeks by the name of Κυαμος, and to us by Nelumbium speciosum or Cyamus Nelumbo, was never called Lotus by the ancient Greeks or Egyp 142 REVIEW. Archæologia, vol. XIX. [Feb. Presents from great men to dependants, upon the marriages of any of the family, were common. Thus in the Berkeley Manuscripts, we have 107. given to John Fitz-Nicholl, towards the marriage of Margaret his daughter. P. 133. Warton notes (Poetry, i. 279), that formerly every thing was bought at fairs; here we find grocery, "corants, prewens, sugar, &c." purchased, now unusual. P. 295. tians. P. 276.-The fact is, that various vegetables were called Loti; and M. des Fontaines, in an elaborate Memoir on the subject, maintains, that the famous esculent called Lotus, was the Rhamnus Lotus of Linnæus, and acknowledges, that he derived this opinion from Dr. Shaw, whom Mr. Duppa quotes, p. 278; and whose description is wretchedly imperfect. M. des Fontaines concludes with these words: "D'après toutes ces considerations, il me paroit evident, que c'est le jujubier que je viens de decrire, qui est le veritable lotus des lotophages. Il est le seul vegetal des contrées qu'ils habitoient autrefois, qui puisse s'accorder avec ce qu'en ont dit les anciens, et surtout Polybe, qui l'avoir pensive. See too, Berkeley MŠS. p. observé lui-même." Both Dr. Shaw and M. des Fontaines personally knew the country; and this adds weight to their opinions, whatever may be their real value. Art. XXXII. Extracts from "The Booke of the Houshold Charges and other Paiments laid out by the L. North and his commandement; beginning Jan. 1, 1575, 18 Eliz. Communicated by William Stevenson, Esq. F.A. S. "For grene table carpetts, iiili. vijs. vid.” P. 287. Thus tables were covered, as now. We suppose the following, in its homely old English, was for the especial use of the Queen's Grace, as we conceive that Majesty was a rare term till the time of James I.; at least we have read as much. "Shoes and stocks for the foole, and a cap, iiis. xd. "A saddell trimed with velvet, and harness, for myself, viili. xs.' P. 297. Saddles were thus enormously ex 122. "Hem sed for quailes, xd." We have before "Play and Cockepitt, xiijli." P. 297. Cocks. See Douce on Shakpeare. Quails were kept for fighting, like "A fanne of feathers, xxxiiis. iiiid." Of these elegant toys, we have spoken at large in a former Review. "The footman to runn to London, iijs. vid." Of the extraordinary feats of running footmen, see Berkeley MSS. p. 204. "Velvet, lace, and making of a doblet and hose of leather, viil. 5s." P. 298. We are not to think, that these garments were mean, because they were made of leather. "The infanta," says Howell (Family Letters, p. 132), is preparing cloaths for his highness of perfumed Amber leather, some embroidered with pearle, some with gold, some with silver." littell parlor, xxiis. 6d." P. 300. Before (p. 293) we have "40 yards of tawnie cloth for liveries, at viiid. the yerd." Steevens makes tawny-coats the in common use for the servants of dress of apparitors. Tawnycloth was noblemen in summer, with the badge of arms on the sleeve. Berkeley MSS. p. 188. "Adam to cristen his child, xxxs." The christening feast was derived from that of the Greek and Roman nominalia, at which the relatives attended; and no doubt was more regarded by us, from its connection with the 1822.] REVIEW. Archæologia, Vol. XIX. the Anglo-Saxon baptism anterior to Christianity. Oden says (Northern Antiq. I. 335; II. 221), "If I will that a man should neither fall in bat tle, nor perish by the sword, I sprinkle him over with water at the instant of his birth;" and this baptism very soon after birth was continued by the Christian Anglo-Saxons. (Strutt's Horda, I. 77.) In Herefordshire they think that by early baptism the child has a better chance of life. Christening feasts were sometimes carried heights of enormous folly, so as sometimes to cost a man nearly his whole estate. to In an old MS. quoted by Mr. Fosbroke (Gloucestershire, II. 221) is the following anecdote: "Thos. Hooke was the owner of the ground about Ffurnace; he sould most of his meanes after this maner. He had by his wife Elinor nineteen children: att their christnings ther was great providance, which to maintain, a piece of land was sold. So att the 19 christnings, nineteen peices of land was gon. He lived at the King's Head Tavern; and, it is said, lived better affter his land was gon, than he did when he had it." It is, by the way, a very singular coincidence that the name of this prolific family was Hooke; and that at Conway Church is the following Epi. taph: Here lyeth the body of Nicholas Hookes of Conway, Gent. who was the 41st child of his father William Hookes, esq. by Alice his wife, and father of 27 children; who died on the 20th day of March, 1637.' (Nicholson's Cambrian Traveller, col. 393.) These extracts are creditable to the man of the name of Hooke or Hookes. “Building a howse over my bowling alie, xvili. xs." For bowling there were three sorts of grounds, viz. bares, bowling greens, and close bowling alleys.-Compleat Gamester, p. 34. For a garter to were my ring bye (at Market) xvid." In the Mercurius Publicus, No. 30, July 19-26, 1660, is the following advertisement: "If any person hath taken up a gold seal, being a coat of arms, cut in a piece of gold, in the form of a lozenge, fastened to a ack ribband to tye about the wrist, which Was lost on Thursday, July 12, neer WalFagford House; let the party bring it to Mr. Maylard, a bookseller in Westminster 143 Hall, and he shall receive the weight of it in gold, and a reward for his pains." This fastening of trinkets to the wrist was usual before watches were worn, as we have observed in a former Review; and from the advertisement we have the now rare instance of a she-bookseller, and find that stalls were kept in Westminster Hall. "A clock given to my L. of Lester, with a diall, vli. xs." p. 301. The earliest clocks merely sounded the hours (see Ducange v. Horologium), and these are as old as the 9th century. The addition of a dial, i. e. of a face, with an index or hand, is at least as early in England as 1344 (Dugdale's St. Paul's, 16, 340, ed. Ellis). But the hours, halves, &c. were not marked by figures and lines, as now, but by long or short rays, like the modern representation of stars. Thus Lightfoot's clock at Wells; and the one engraved in Fosbroke's British Monachisin, from an antient painting, the property of Mr. Nichols. Art. XXXIII. An Inquiry concerning the Kings of the East Angles, &c. by Tho. Amyot, Esq. A learned paper, critically and historically useful. Art. XXXIV. An Account of some Discoveries made in taking down the old Bridge over the river Teign, &c. By P. T. Taylor, Esq. The Roman Fosseway ran this way, and the old bridge was only partially destroyed, and another of later date mounted upon it; certainly not so monstrous a thing as a Lord Chancellor said in reference to a pretended as a fee mounted upon a tenure, fee." Anear are some fine earthworks, engr. pl. XVII. XVIII., and, in our opinion, curious specimens of British and Saxon castrametation. Athelstan drove the Cornish, who had occupied this part of Devon, beyond the Tamer (p. 311, note e.) Milberdown is a fine British encampment of three valla, improved in external form and regularity upon the Roman model. Denbury-down (pl. XVII.) Castle dike (ibid.), and Castle-field (pl. XVIII.) appear to us Anglo-Saxon. It is manifest, from Alfred's fortification on the river Parrot, near Athelney, that terrace within terrace in a round outline, was their fashion; and not only this, but the earthworks before us cor roborate Mason's St. Patrick's Cathedral. roborate Strutt's account of AngloSaxon Castra-metation; which, as there is a strange confusion among writers in appropriating camps, we shall here give. The Saxons raised the whole surface of their station above the common level of the earth, in the shape of a keep, or low flat hill; and this keep, instead of banks of earth, was surrounded with a strong thick wall [such an one appears by the flat rim to have surrounded the outer vallum of Castle-field, pl. XIX. No. C.] within which were built the stations for soldiers; and without, round the whole work, was made a deep broad ditch, encompassed with a strong vallum of earth, on which was built an exterior wall, turreted after the Roman fashion. They were generally round. (Horda, I. 24; Chron. of Engl. I. 319.) He says, that the width of the ditches distinguishes Anglo Saxon from Roman camps. (To be continued.) 17. The History and Antiquities of the Collegiate and Cathedral Church of St. Patrick near Dublin, from its Foundation in 1190 to the year 1819, comprising a Topographical Account of the Lands and Parishes appropriated to the Community of the Cathedral and its Members. Col lected chiefly from original Records. By William Monck Mason, Esq. 4to. pp. 478. FOR the warm-hearted, honest, and often noble-minded natives of Ireland, we entertain the highest esteem; and, as British subjects, we admit their undeniable right to perfect equality with Englishmen. Their present unhappy differences in character are chiefly archaisms. It appears plainly, by numerous passages of this work that the Aborigines of Ireland were after its conquest treated by the English colonists in the same manner as the natives of Botany Bay are at present; left to live as pro arbitrio, in their mountains and fastnesses, not incorporated with the victors by civilization, as under the Roman policy. To this neglect may be attributed many of the subsequent rebellions and civil wars which have since distracted this unhappy country, and burdened us with enormous expence and vexation. Even so late as the Restoration, there were districts unknown to the Eng Every body has read of the "English and Irish Pales." [Feb. lish (p. 56). Castles for parsonages were annexed to church livings (57). The dues in the vicinity of the Irish territories could not be collected (66). The Mendicant Orders in 1317 preached against the rights of the King of England over his Irish subjects (p. 119). In 1476, the benefices and possessions of the members of St. Patrick's Cathe dral "Lay for the most part in parts subject to the power of Irish enemies and English rebels, and they could not obtain Englishmen to farm the same; it was therefore enacted, that notwithstanding any previous statute to the contrary, they should have liberty to lease their lands and tithes to rebels or enemies, or any other persons, without impeachment for the same." P. 188. Now had this step been taken at the conquest, we should have heard nothing of the troubles of Ireland; for the endowment of barbarians with private property is the first mode to inculcate a regard for law and civilization, without which the former cannot be maintained. Instead of these conciliating measures, we find so late as 1514, such exasperating enactments as this,-"That Irishmen by nation or blood should be excluded from being members of this Cathedral." (p. 145.) It is well known, that where property is recognized, there must be a large class of society which can have no share in it; but that such property, through the excellent consequences of occupation and private right, becomes more than sufficient in production for the maintenance of the whole community. The floating class described is and has always been troublesome, un times it has congregated and occasionless it be kept in employ. In former ed wars, formed the mass of soldiery under ambitious chiefs, or become banditti. Peaceable employment must be found by the people or state; for this is the only means by which such class can safely derive support under the establishment of property. Now, in what manner landed property is regulated in Ireland, and how little the people are civilized by being occupied in pacific avocations, we know to our sorrow. We maintain, upon obvious principles, that if a man has property, he is bound to see the poor employed; and if he is negligent in this respect, as are, we conceive, the Absentees of Ireland, we are of opinion that Government ought to tax them accord 1822.] REVIEW. Mason's St. Patrick's Cathedral. ingly, and employ all who apply for work, upon the roads and draining the bogs. We see not a shadow of equity in the proprietor of an English estate being compelled to pay poorrates, and an Irish landholder being exempted from the better plan of contribution and obligation for the employ of the indigent population. If this tax be objectionable, let him have the power of exonerating himself by employing them on his own account. At all events, the present system in Ireland is as disgraceful to that fine country, as would be that of the gypsies universalized in Great Britain. The present tenures of renting and occupy ing land should be altered or destroyed so far as they are politically mischievons; and education and work, as in England, be substituted, as a better and more efficient means of subsistence and civilization. From these points of high moment, which various passages in the book, more than we have quoted, forced upon us, and which are interesting in the present times, we proceed to other subjects, reserving that of Swift to a second notice. "The Members of the College [of Maynooth, anno 1521] were prohibited generally from going to market to buy corn upon any occasion, however urgent, even for feasts of charity." P. 63, note. This was a rule, among others, for preserving the discipline of the College. Why it was made we are not informed. In p. 83 we have an account of the Guild of St. George. Our Antiquarian friends will recollect the very curious pageant of this Saint, taken from the Chain-book of Dublin, and printed in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy for 1788. In 1678 the Vicars Choral were admonished not to wear swords in the precincts, and in 1692 ale-house-keepers, players, and dancing-masters, are prohibited from filling the office, p. 91. We shall explain these passages. A Proclamation of Charles II. published in the Parliamentary Intelligencer, No. 40, (Sept. 4, to Oct. 1, 1000 mentions great mischiefs happening by "Pages, Footmen, and Lacquies wearing swords." As to the second passage, Dancing-masters were Buffcons. The Kingdom's IntelligenGENT. MAG. February, 1822. 145 cer, No. 24, June 8-15, 1663, speaking of the rejoicings at Edinburgh, upon the Restoration of Charles II. has this paragraph, "Six Dancingmasters were placed upon a stage, erected in the Market-place, to give the people a divertisement.' They who doubt the reality of the fifth of November plot, may find some collateral support of their opinion in the following circumstance, that Gunpowder was kept in a cellar under an old hall in the Castle. P. 108. The fabricks of Cathedrals were formerly supported in repair by voluntary contributions from the produce of the land. P. 71. "1562.-On the 8th of July the Queen sent an order, requiring all persons to as-, sist the proctors of this church in collecting honey, fruit, and other things, which had been paid from the earliest period of time from all parts of the province, to the Dean and Chapter, for the use of this Cathedral; these, being either duties reserved in their leases, or benefactions of the pious in antient times, were to be applied to the repair of the church." P. 165. It appears that charges of witchcraft and heresy were antient methods by which the Spiritual overcame the Temporal Powers, when the latter protect ed enemies. Thus the institution of the Inquisition was no novel policy; only an antient mode converted into a State Engine: "At this time [1325] lived in the diocese of Ossorye, the Lady Alice Kettle, whom the Bishop [Ledred] cited to purge the fame of inchanting and witchcraft objected to her, and to Petronilla and Basill her complices." "They charged her mightily to have carnall conference with a spirit called Robin Artison, to whom shee sacrifized in the high way nine redde cockes, and nine peacockes eyes; shee swept the streetes of Kilkenny betweene compline and twilight, raking all the filth towards the doores of her sonne William Outlawe, murmuring these wordes, To the house of William my sonne, Hye all the wealth of Kilkenny towne.' At the first conviction they abjured and accepted pennance, but were very shortly found in relapse, and then Petronilla was burned at Kilkenny; the other twayne could not be had: shee at the houre of her death accused the said William as privy to their sorceryes, whom the Bishop held in durance nine weekes, forbidding his keepers to eate or drinke with him, or to speake with |