and similarity with the oriental than with the Roman liturgy.

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Now St. Germanus, speaking of the gifts laid upon the altar, says: "The bread is transformed "into the body and the wine into blood, the Lord having said of the bread, this is my body, and of the "wine, this is my blood......... blood......... The oblation is conse"crated on the paten......... The angel of God descends upon the altar, as upon the monument, and blesses "the host. Whilst the fraction is made, the clergy, in a suppliant posture, shall sing the anthem: vouchsafe, we humbly beseech thee, to receive this sacri"fice, to bless and sanctify it, that it may become for us a legitimate Eucharist in thy name, and in the "name of thy Son and of thy Holy Spirit, being "transformed into the body and blood of our Lord "Jesus Christ." 991

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May the consoling spirit of thy benediction, "thy eternal co-operator, descend, O my God, on "these sacrifices, to the end that........ this aliment having been transformed into body, this chalice "into blood, what we have offered for our sins, may save us by its merits. Ut translata fruge in corpore, calice in cruore, proficiat meritis quod ob"tulimus pro delictis."

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Praying by our fervent supplications, that he "who changes water into wine may convert into "blood the wine which we offer."

The Gothic Gallican Missal of the end of the seventh century contains a prayer to God in the form of invocation: "That thou mayest vouchsafe

1O Gallican Liturgy: Mass of the Circumcision.-Mass of the Assumption. At the Epiphany.

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"to regard with a gracious eye these gifts presented upon thy altar, and that the Holy Spirit of thy Son "And again this prayer overshadow them." may

after the consecration: "We, being mindful of the "passion and resurrection of our most glorious "Lord, offer to thee, O God, this spotless host, this "reasonable host, this unbloody host." Again the following prayer before communion; "Completing "the sacred solemnities that we have offered to "thee according to the order of the high priest Melchisedic, we devoutely beseech thee, O "eternal Majesty, for the grace to receive this bread changed into flesh by the operation of thy virtue, "this drink changed into blood, and to drink in the "chalice the same blood that flowed from thy side on the cross."

The priest takes the bread and says of Jesus Christ: Taking the bread into his holy, immacu"late and immortal hands, raising his eyes to "heaven, shewing it to Thee O God, his Father, "he gave thanks, blessed, broke, and gave it to us, "his disciples and apostles, saying: Take, eat, this "is my body, which is broken for you, and for the "remission of sins: (The people answer amen.) In "like manner, after he had supped, taking the

chalice, and mixing the wine with water, looking up to Heaven, and offering it to Thee, O God his Father, he gave thanks, he sanctified, and blessed "it and filled it with the Holy Ghost, and gave it to "us his disciples, saying; drink ye all of this: This " is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed "for you and for many, and which is given for the

'St. James's Litnrgy or the Liturgy of Jerusalem.

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........

"remission of sins. Ans. Amen." And further on: "We offer thee, O Lord, this tremendous and "unbloody sacrifice and again: "This life-giving Spirit, who reigneth with thee, who is "consubstantial and coeternal with thee, O God the "Father, and with thine only begotten Son, who "spoke by the law, by the prophets and by thy "New Testament, who appeared and descended, "in the form of a dove, upon our Lord Jesus Christ, ❝in the river Jordan; who came down, in the shape "of fiery tongues, on thine apostles, when assembled "in a room at holy and glorious Sion. Send down " at present, this most holy Spirit on us and upon "these holy gifts; that he, by his holy, kind and

glorious presence, may make this bread the holy "body of Jesus Christ. Ans: Amen. And this "chalice the precious blood of Jesus Christ. Ans: "Amen." Before the communion the priest addresses himself to Jesus Christ upon the altar as follows. "O Lord, my God, who art the bread of "heaven and the life of the world, I have sinned "against heaven and before thee, and I am not

worthy to partake of thy most immaculate mys"teries: but grant, by thy divine mercy, that thy

grace may make me worthy to receive thy sacred "body and precious blood, without incurring con"demnation, but for the remission of my sins and "everlasting life." At the communion of the people, the Deacon says: " Draw near with fear, "with faith and with love." The people answer: "Blessed is he, who cometh in the name of the "Lord."

"Receive us at thy holy altar," says the priest at the oblation, "according to thy great mercy; "and make us worthy to offer thee this reasonable

"and unbloody sacrifice, for our sins and for all the "ignorances of the people...." After the words of consecration, which are not passed over in any liturgy with which I am acquainted, the priest bowing down, says, in a low voice: "We offer to thee "this reasonable and unbloody worship, and we "beseech thee to send down thy holy Spirit upon us " and upon these gifts: make this bread the pre"cious body of thy Christ, (the deacon answers "Amen), and what is in this chalice, the precious "blood of thy Christ, (the deacon answers amen) "changing them by thy holy Spirit." The deacon answers, Amen, amen, amen. Further on, the priest addresses himself to Jesus Christ, and says: "O "Jesus Christ, our God, look down upon us, "from thy holy mansion, and the throne of glory in "thy kingdom: thou, who dwellest in the highest "heavens, with the Father, and who art invisibly

present with us here below, render us worthy, by "thy mighty hand, to partake of thy immaculate "body and precious blood, and to distribute it to all "thy people." The priest and the deacon keep themselves in a posture of adoration, and both repeat three times: "Lord be merciful to me, a sinner:" the people adore in like manner. ........ Towards the communion the priest says to the deacon: "deacon "draw near:" he draws near and bows down with reverence before the priest, who holds a particle of the blessed host in his hand, and the deacon says, "Father, give me the holy and precious body of "our God and Saviour, Jesus Christ." The priest

'Liturgy of Constantinople: by some attributed to the apostles;" since the seventh century ascribed to St. John Chrysostom.

gives it into his hand, and says: "I do give thee "the precious, holy, and most immaculate body of "the Lord God our Saviour Jesus Christ, for the "remission of sins and eternal life."

Then the deacon bowing down near the altar, prays in the same manner that the priest does, who takes the blessed host, saying: "I believe, Lord, " and I do confess, that thou art Christ, the Son of "the living God, who camest into the world to save "sinners, of whom I am the chief. Make me par"take of thy mystical supper; for I will not reveal "the mystery to thy enemies, and I will not give "thee a treacherous kiss like Judas; but, like the 66 good thief, I confess, what thou art: remem"ber me, O Lord, in thy kingdom ........" I regret that I cannot transcribe the whole of this confession, which concludes as follows: "Pardon "and remit me, O Lord our God, the sins, which I "have committed against thee, whether knowingly

or through ignorance, whether by word or deed: "O thou, who art goodness itself, forgive them all, "through the intercession of thy unspotted and ever "Virgin Mother: suffer me not to incur condem"nation, but to receive thy precious and immaculate body....." The priest then presents the chalice to the deacon, who says: "I come to the immortal

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King: I believe, Lord, and I do confess, that "thou art Christ, the Son of the living God........ :" and the priest says: "Thou, O Deacon, N. the "servant of God, receivest the holy body and pre"cious blood of Jesus Christ, for the remission of "sins and eternal life." The deacon going to communicate the people, says: "Draw near with faith "and in the fear of God." The choir answers: