It has also two different functions. It is (i) negative in destroy, deform, desuetude, etc. 10. Dis, di (Fr. des, de), asunder, in two, as in— Depart. (i) Dis is also joined with English roots to make the hybrids disown, dislike, distrust, distaste. 11. Ex, e (Fr. es, e), out of, from, as in Exalt. Exhale. Expatriate (patria, one's country). (i) ex has a privative sense in ex-emperor, etc. (ii) In amend (emendo), astonish (étonner), the e is disguised. (iii) In sample (short for example), scorch (O. Fr. escorcer), and special (for especial), the e has fallen away. 12. Extra, beyond, as in— Extraneous. Extraordinary. Extravagant. (i) In stranger (O. Fr. estranger, from Lat. extraneus) the e has fallen away. 13. In (Fr. en, em), in, into, which changes into il, im, ir, as in— (i) It unites with English roots to make the hybrids embody, embolden, endear, entrust, enlighten, etc. (ii) In ambush (Ital. imboscarsi, to put one's self in a wood), the in is disguised. 14. In, not, which becomes il, im, ir, and ig, as in— Inconvenient. Incautious. Illiberal. Impious. Irrelevant. (i) The English prefix un sometimes takes its place, and forms hybrids with Latin roots in unable, unapt, uncomfortable. (ii) Shakespeare has unpossible, unproper, and many others. 15. Inter, intro (Fr. entre), between, among-as in 17. Mis (Fr. mes, from Latin minus), less, as in Misadventure. Mischance. Mischief. Caution. Not to be confounded with the English prefix mis in mis take, mistrust, etc. 18. Non, not, as in Nonsense. Non-existent. Nonsuit. (i) The initial n has dropped off in umpire, formerly numpire≈0. Fr. nonper= Lat. nonpar, not equal. (ii) The n has fallen away likewise from norange, napron (connected with napkin, napery), etc., by wrongly cleaving to the indefinite article a. 19. Ob, against, becomes oc, of, op, etc., as in— 21. Per (Fr. par), through, which becomes pel, as in— Pellucid. Perfect. Perform. Permit. Perjure. (i) Pilgrim comes from peregrinus, a person who wanders per agros, through the fields,-by the medium of Ital. pellegrino. (ii) Perhaps is a hybrid. 22. Post, after, as in Postpone. Postdate. Postscript. (i) The post is much disguised in puny, which comes from the French puis né Lat. post natus, born after. A "puny judge' is a junior judge, or a judge of a later creation. 23. Præ, pre (Fr. pré), before, as in Predict. Presume. Pretend. Prevent. (i) It is shortened into a pr in prize, prison, apprehend, comprise (all from prehendo, I seize). (ii) It is disguised in provost (prepositus, one placed over), in preach (from prædico, I speak before), and provender (from præbeo, I furnish). 24. Præter, beyond, as in Preternatural. Preterite (beyond the present). Pretermit. 25. Pro (Fr. pour), which becomes pol, por, pur, as in 26. Re (Fr. re), back, again, which becomes red, as in Rebel. Redeem. Reclaim. Redound. Recover. Readmit. (i) It is much disguised in rally (=re-ally), in ransom (a shortened Fr. form of redemption), and in runagate (=renegade, one who has denied-negavit-his faith). (ii) It combines with English roots to form the hybrids relay, reset, recall. 27. Retro, backwards-as in retrograde, retrospect. (i) It is disguised in rear-guard (Ital. retro-gardia), rear, and arrears. 28. Se (Fr. sé), apart, which becomes sed, as in— Secede. Seclude. Seduce. Sedition. 29. Sub (Fr. sous or sou), under, which becomes suc, suf, sud, sum, sup, sur, and sus, as in Subtract. Summon. Succour. Suffer. Suggest. (i) Sub is disguised in sojourn (from O. Fr. sojorner, from Low Latin subdiurnāre), and in sudden (from Latin subitaneus). (ii) It combines with English roots to form the hybrids sublet, subworker, subkingdom, etc. 30. Subter, beneath-as in subterfuge. 31. Super (Fr. sur), above, as in Supernatural. Surface (superficies). Superpose. Surname. Superscription. (i) It is disguised in sovereign (which Milton more correctly spells sovran), from Low Latin superanus. 32. Trans (Fr. trés), beyond, which becomes tra, as in Translate. Tradition. Transport. Transform. Transitive. (i) It is disguised in treason (the Fr. form of tradition, from trado (=transdo), I give up), in betray and traitor (from the same Latin root), in trance and entrance (Latin transitus, a passing beyond), and in trestle (from Latin diminutive transtillum, a little cross-beam). 33. Ultra, beyond, as in Ultra-Liberal. Ultra-Tory. (i) In outrage (O. Fr. oultrage) the ultra is disguised. Ultramontane. 34. Unus, one, which becomes un and uni, as in 17. Our language possesses also a considerable number of prefixes transferred from the Greek language, many of which are very useful. The following are the most important 5. Aрo (άπó), away from, which also becomes ap, as in Anachronism. Antipodes. Antarctic. 7. Auto (avтós), self, which becomes auth, as in— Diphthong. (i) This prefix is disguised in devil-from Gr. diabolos, the accuser or slanderer, from Gr. diaballein, to throw across. 10. Dis, di (dís), twice, as in Dissyllable. 11. Dys (dus), ill, as in— Dilemma. 13. En (ev), in, which becomes el and em, as in— 17. Hyper (vπép), over and above, as in Hyperborean. Hyperbolé. Hypercritical. Hypermetrical. 18. Hypo, hyp (ůπó), under, as in— Hypocrite. Hypotenuse. Hyphen. 19. Meta, met (μerá), after, changed for, as in— Metaphor. Metamorphosis. Metonymy. 20. Mono, mon (μóvos), alone, as in— Monogram. Monody. Monad. Monk. Method. 21. Pan (wav), all, as in— Pantheist. Panacea. Panorama. Pantomime. 22. Para (rapá), by the side of, which becomes par, as in 26. Syn (σúv), with, which becomes syl, sym, and sy, as in— 18. The Suffixes employed in the English language are much more numerous than the Prefixes, and much more useful. Like the Prefixes, they come to us from three sources-from Old English (or Anglo-Saxon); from Latin (or French); and from Greek. 19. The following are the most important English Suffixes to Nouns :— |