have succeeded in driving their station-posts into the tumuli and barrows of the Cleveland district just as they recently placed their 'bench-marks' on the stones and crosses of Cornwall." The editor, Mr G. L. Gomme, F.S.A., has added to this volume, as to the former issues of the collection, useful notes where they are needed, among which may be specially named a comparison, in tabular form, of the cave remains and flint and bronze implements recorded in the volume with the great authorities on those subjects.

He bas

also written a valuable introduction on the subject of the volume, and has compiled a specially full index, which places the details of the volume at the disposal of the reader. To those who do not possess he Gentleman's Magazine, or have no means of access to it, the library, in a condensed shape, forms an efficient substi tute, while to those who are fortunate enough to own a set, the series furnishes what has so long been desired-viz., a complete index to those stores of hidden learning which have for so many years been inaccessible through want of the means of systematic reference.

Eminent Naturalists. By Thomas Greenwood, F.R.G.S. London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. 1886. 8vo P» 202.

There are few better methods of stimulating a zeal for scientific study than the one adopted by the author of this elegant volume. It is at all times a sad reflection that whilst the opportunities for study are so many the real students are so few. Compared with the difficulties which have beset many of our most eminent scientists in their early struggles in follow. ing their favourite pursuits, the youth of to-day have comparatively speaking a path of roses before them. What is wanted is some initial force which shall from the mass of mechanically educated humanity induce some atoms to think and act independently, and to follow those particular studies for which hey have an aptitude. This force we are inclined to welcome in "Eminent Naturalists," for its contents must help to stir any latent energies in the mind of the young reader whose good fortune it is to meet with the book. The lives given are, Sir Charles Linnæus, Sir John Lubbock, Thomas Edward, Agassiz, Cuvier, Buffon, Sir Charles Lyell, and Sir Roderick Murchison. Though only a work of some 200 pages, the author has managed to give a reliable and interesting outline of the lives and pursuits of these celebrities, with some valuable details of the difficulties which surrounded their earlier efforts after knowledge. For the young just about to start on the march of life in reality these pages are teeming with valuable lessons, and they will be none the less acceptable to the pupil for being divested of anything which might be construed into sickly sentimentality. There is much in the book to stir the better feelings of the reader, and whether it, develops in him a scientist or not, will certainly leave him a wiser-and if a wiser a better man.

The King's Coin, or God's Fraction. By the Rev. Thomas J. Bass, Curate of St. Stephen's, Liverpool. London: James Nisbet and Co. 1886. 8vo pp xv 138.

One cannot but admire the force and fervour which the author has, in the work before us, shown forth to the world its duty in the matter of giving to God a due share of their worldly wealth, as an acknowledgment of their indebtedness to the Giver of all good. The subject is one with which few of us are unfamiliar, for of whatever church or denomination we belong, those who minister have, very rightly we think, not omitted to urge on their hearers this inportant duty. It is not, however, every day we find a clergyman with fortitude and enthusiasm sufficient to present the subject in so complete and exhaustive a form as Mr Bass has in the handsome little volume before us There is an array of proofs set forth as to the duty of man to his Maker, which leaves no shadow of doubt as to the firmness of the bases of the writer's deductions. To many this will seem almost unnecessary, for in the minds of Christians who have had any religious education worthy the name, there can be no doubt as to the teaching of the practices in patriarchal and early Christian times. They gave, and gave most liberally, a practice which has degenerated in a most remarkable degree at the present day. What the author of "The King's Coin" tries to teach us is that it is the duty of the Christian to give proportionately of his income, and that that proportion shall be based on the old scriptural principle of giving a tenth part. It is, perhaps, well that this custom is well defined, or the portion to be given might vary considerably in different cases, as the following extract will show :"I always believe a portion of my income belongs to God. I give that portion at the church service, half in the morning and half in the evening. I dare not do anything else," said an active little man professing high Christian attainments when spoken to on the subject By the merest accident it became known that on each occasion he dropped a threepenny bit into the offertory, and as he held a Government office his income was known to be over two hundred pounds a year. How to give proportionately in all cases is very instructive reading, and the forcible and logical way the subject is handled will carry due weight with all those who may be fortunate enough to meet so valuable a guide, philosopher, and friend as the Rev. T. J. Bass. His name in the past has been associated with some important social and religious movements, and all that he enters upon he does with thoroughness Whether, however, he will be able to leaven present day Christianity with his ideas of the duties of man to bis Maker in the matter of offerings remains to be seen. The book will prove a valuable aid to the clergy who find personal appeals inconvenient or disregarded. The still mall voice which accompanies, the teaching will surely be felt if once perused.

Notes.

RECOLECTIONS OF STOCKPORT.

XI.

For

There appeared an error in my last paper. Lawyer Etchells, of Marple, read "Lawyer Aaron Eccles," of Marple.

A few yards from Wharf-street Mill, Lancashirehill (mentioned in my last paper), on the same side of the canal, stood Mr Michael Newton's silk mill in the year 1823. This mill had been erected the previous year for the purpose of dressing, carding, and spinning "waste" silk, that is, silk gathered from the silk worm. There is a very curious feature in the lives of these wild silk worms, for when they have finished their task, and concluded to cease spinning, they enshroud themselves in a silken bag called a cocoon, which becomes their own sepulture. Large bales of this waste silk principally brought from China and India, were brought to Mr Newton's mill. It was then 'dressed," that is, the threads were all placed in a line, and so made into small bundles by the silk dresser. These bundles were then put into small bags and sent to the silk boiler. He put about thirty of these bags into a large circular boiler at one time. A quantity of soap and indigo was also put into the receptacle, and kept boiling for about three hours. The bags of silk were then put under a press and all the moisture pressed out. The silk was then taken out of the bags and conveyed to the stove-room, and there dried. These bundles of silk then went to the cutter, whose duty it was to cut the threads of silk in equal lengths. These then went to the card-room, thence to the mulespinner, and were spun in cops. The cops, after being packed in large skips, were then ready for the market.

Mr M. Newton was reported to be very wealthy, and when the silk market was overstocked he could afford to keep his mill running until his produce was wanted. I was once told by his bookkeeper that at one time Mr Newton had thirty thousand pounds worth of silk cops stored up in his warehouse.

About the year 1846 Mr Newton gave up spinning silk, and commenced to spin cotton, principally crape yarn. After his death the mill was worked by Mr Samuel Chadwick for a number of years.

This Chadwick family came from Derbyshire to Stockport about the year 1834, and took up their residence near where now stands the India Mill. The family consisted of the father and mother, four sons, namely, James, Nathaniel, Samuel, and Charles, and one or two daughters. On the first Sunday after their arrival in Stockport they were introduced at the Tiviot Dale Chapel and Sunday School, and they received a hearty welcome. Mr Chadwick was a boot and shoe maker, and James, the eldest son, learned the same trade; Nathanie] and Charles were put to throstle doffing, and Samuel got employment at Mr James Wilkinson's mill, Heaton-lane, as a cop packer. James became a very useful teacher at the Tiviot Dale Sunday School, and in course of time he became acquainted with Miss Hannah Davenport, also a teacher in the Tiviot Dale Sunday School. He paid his addresses to her, was accepted, and they were married. This was the turning point in the history of the Chad. wick family. Mr James Chadwick's wife was the daughter of Mr Samuel Davenport, who was the superintendent of the boys' room at the Tiviot Dale Sunday School, and he also fulfilled the duties of manager and bookkeeper at Mr Newton's silk mill. In the year 1852 Mr James Chadwick opened a boot and shoe shop in Bridge-street Brow, which proved a failure. He struggled hard for many years to maintain his family respectably and to save up something for a rainy day, but he did not succeed in his efforts. At last he concluded to leave England and try his luck in some foreign clime. He chose America for his future home, and this adventure also proved a failure. After remaining in America some time, and not succeeding accordto his expectations, he resolved to come back to old England again. On his way home he was taken ill, and dying on board, received a sailor's funeral.

Mrs Hannah Chadwick, who had been employed at Mr Newton's silk mill some years previous to her marriage, at her husband's death went to work there again as bookkeeper. About this time young Samuel Chadwick was engaged in a subordinate situation in the warehouse. Mr Newton, who was

a good discerner of character, saw in this youth something which pleased him, and he encouraged young Chadwick to persevere in his studies and aim at attaining knowledge. It came about that Mrs James Chadwick resigned her situation as bookkeeper, and Samuel Chadwick was installed in her place. He gradually grew in favour with Mr M. Newton, and in a short time that gentleman appointed him as his confidential clerk and manager.

In the early days of the Tiviot Dale Sunday School the scholars (if they chose) could attend Mr Thomas Rathbone Smith's Academy in Etchellsstreet, off St. Petersgate, two nights a weekMonday and Saturday- and receive instruction in writing and arithmetic. This boon was granted to the scholars for about ten years. During that time myself and several of my companions embraced this golden opportunity, and thought it a great privilege. Many things else that are acquired too cheaply, although they may be of the greatest value, are considered by many as almost worthless, and not worth carrying away. It was so in this case with our learning. From about forty youths who availed themselves of this privilege at its com⚫ mencement, in the year 1836, there were not a dozen who would be at the trouble to go and be taught for nothing. It was always a rule amongst the Wesleyans that their youth of both sexes should be well educated. They were amongst the first who introduced Sunday schools in Stockport. When it came to pass that the scholars refused to go to the teacher, arrangements were made by the officers of the Tiviot Dale Sunday School that the teacher should come to them. Mr T. R. Smith had a son William. This William A. Smith was a well. educated person, having assisted his father in his academy from his youth. He also possessed some rare qualities for a public teacher. him sorely tried by mischievous scholars, but 1 never remember seeing him strike a scholar. Mr William Smith attended the Tiviot Dale School one or more nights a week for many years to in. struct all the scholars who chose to attend in writing and arithmetic, free of charge. Mr Smith had a certain stipend; I never knew what it was. After the death of Mr William Smith this boon to the scholars of the Tiviot Dale Sunday School was suspended for a while, until Mr Samuel Chadwick volunteered to take the place of the late Mr Smith, and do the duties regardless of a stipend. Mr Chadwick was a first-class penman, and he fulfilled the duties of writing master at the above

I have seen

school for many years, and his services were highly appreciated both by his pupils and the officers of the school.

When Mr Newton died Mr Chadwick, under certain stipulations, was left in sole charge of this mill, the machinery, the house-once the residence of the Newton family-and everything belonging the mill, with Miss Newton as his patroness and friend. For some years everything seemed to prosper with him, and he appeared to have any amount of money at his command. He was very fond of music; and in a certain sense was himself a musician, having been a member of the Tiviot Dale Chapel choir a number of years, but he never fulfilled any prominent post in an orchestra. Besides being a lover of music, he was also an enthusiastic patron of the art. His great desire seemed to be to possess the best musical instruments attainable, the cost being of no consequence. He took a trip to Paris, and there purchased a grand piano, the cost of which I never ascertained. I accompanied him to Manchester to purchase a flute. We went to Mr Higham's, a Stockportonian, and purchased one for six pounds. He soon got tired of this, and purchased another, for which he gave sixteen pounds. He also bought a number of violins at a great cost. He had some of the cleverest musicians in the town, both vocal and instrumental, visiting his residence once a week, giving chamber concerts, after which the musicians were well regaled. One Tuesday, after Mr Chadwick had done his business on the 'Change, he repaired to the Queen's Hotel, and there got intro. duced to Mr Sims Reeves, the English tenor. They soon became good friends, and Mr Reeves was invited to visit Mr Chadwick at his residence. The invitation was understood by Mr Chadwick to be granted, and great preparations were made for this intended visit, but the great tenor did not turn up. Stockport. JOHN GREENHALGH.

A CHESHIRE BOON DAY.

Mr James Coombes, farmer, of Cross Acres and Brownlow Green, having acquired the tenancy of Baxter's farmat Gatley, his friends short time ago gave him what is known in Cheshire as a "boon day," and it was a novel sight to see some 53 pairs of horses-the majority grey in colour-harnessed to as many ploughs, turning over the land. Such a number is rarely seen at one time in any part of the county, and it must indeed be very satisfactory to the sturdy farmer to have this practical evidence of the high esteem of his neighbours and friends.-Stockport Advertiser.