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silence, and with the aspect of profound respect and compassion. The stillness was so deep that the dropping of a handkerchief would have been heard.2 The Duke of Richmond replied with great3 tenderness and courtesy; but while he spoke, the old man was observed to be restless and irritable.5 The Duke sat down. Chatham stood up again, pressed his hand on his breast, and sank down in an apoplectic fit. Three or four lords who sat near him caught him in his fall. The House broke up in confusion. The dying man was carried to the residence of one of the officers of Parliament, and was so far restored as to be able to bear a journey to Hayes. At Hayes, after lingering a few weeks, he expired in his seventieth year. His bed 7 was watched to the last, with anxious tenderness, by his wife and children; and he well deserved their care. Too often haughty and wayward to others, to them he had been almost effeminately kind.10 He had through life been dreaded by his political opponents, and regarded with more awe than love even by his political associates. But no fear seems to have mingled with11 the affection which his fondness, constantly overflowing in a thousand endearing forms, had inspired in the little circle at 12 Hayes.

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Chatham, at the time of his decease, 13 had not, in both Houses of Parliament, ten personal adherents. Half the public men of the age 14 had been estranged from him by his errors, and the other half by the exertions which he had made to repair his errors. His last speech had been an attack at once 15 on the policy pursued by the government, and on the policy recommended by the opposition. But death restored him to his old 16 place in the affection

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of his country. Who could hear unmoved of the fall of that which had been so great, and which had stood so long? The circumstances, too, seemed rather to belong to the tragic stage than to real life. A great statesman,

full of years and honours, led forth to the Senate House by a son of rare hopes, and stricken down in full council while straining his feeble voice to rouse the drooping spirit of his country, could not but be remembered 2 with peculiar veneration and tenderness. The few detractors who ventured to murmur were silenced by the indignant clamours of a nation which remembered only the lofty genius, the unsullied probity, the undisputed services, of him who was no more. For once,5 the chiefs of all parties were agreed. A public funeral,6 a public monument, were eagerly voted. The debts of the deceased were paid. A provision was made for his family. The City of London requested that the remains of the great man whom she had so long loved and honoured might rest under the dome of her magnificent cathedral. But the petition. came too late. Every thing was already prepared for the interment in Westminster Abbey.

Though men of all parties had concurred in decreeing posthumous honours to Chatham, his corpse was attended to the grave almost exclusively by opponents of the government. The banner of the lordship of Chatham was borne by Colonel Barré, attended by the Duke of Richmond and Lord Rockingham. Burke, Savile, and Dunning upheld the pall.8 Lord Camden was conspicuous in the procession. The chief mourner was young William Pitt. After the lapse of more than twenty-seven years, in a season as dark as perilous, his own shattered frame and broken heart were laid, with the same pomp, in the same consecrated mould.

1 'who gave' (page 55, note 8). 2 See page 21, note 9 ; and change the construction accordingly.

clamours of indignation.'

4 See page 88, note 14.

5 Une seule fois.

one of those which have no singular in French (as mentioned page 59, note 8).

7 On pourvut aux besoins de.

8 We say, porter (or tenir) les coins du poêle.

9 To be the chief mourner,' is,

6 Remember that this word is conduire (or mener) le deuil.

Chatham sleeps1 near the northern door of the Church, in a spot which has ever since been appropriated to statesmen, as the other end of the same transept has long been to poets. Mansfield rests there, and2 the second William Pitt, and Fox, and Grattan, and Canning, and Wilberforce.3 In no other cemetery do so many great citizens lie1 within so narrow a space. High over those venerable graves towers the stately monument of Chatham,5 and from above, his effigy, graven by a cunning 7 hand, seems still, with eagle face and outstretched arm, to bid England be of good cheer, and to hurl defiance at her foes. The generation which reared that memorial of him has disappeared. The time has come when the rash and indiscriminate judgments which his contemporaries passed on his character may be calmly revised by history. And history, while, for the warning of vehement, high, and daring natures, she notes his many errors, will yet deliberately pronounce, 10 that, among the eminent men whose bones 11 lie near his, scarcely one has left a more stainless, and none a more splendid name.12—(T. B. MACAULAY, Essays.)

1 You may use dormir. 2 et aussi.

3 avec F-, G—, C-, et W—. 4 gisent (see page 227, note 12). 5 The stately towers high over (domine de toute sa hauteur) those venerable graves.'

6 from its summit.'

7 habile, in this obsolete sense. & lancer le défi.

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9 And history, while she notes (tout en inscrivant) his many errors, for the warning &c.-English writers do not observe as often as the French, the closest connexion of ideas, which is one of the most important rules of the art of writing.

10 See page 34, note 9.

used poetically, in this sense.

...

12 il n'en est peut-être pas un qui ait laissé un nom plus. &c., et aucun certes un nom plus. &c.; or, un seul à peine a laissé un nom plus .. &c., et que nul n'en a laissé un plus.. &c.There is here, in the literal translation, with the English construction, a double and insurmountable difficulty to deal with: 1st, ne, which is not expressed in the first part of the sentence, cannot with any degree of accuracy be understood elliptically in the second; and, in the next place, either nom ('name') must be repeated, or en (see page 158, note 10) used in its stead, in the second part of the

11 ossements, here;-os is only sentence.

SCENE FROM "THE CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE."

SIR JOHN MELVIL, and STERLING.

Sir John. After having carried the negotiation between our families to so great a length; after having assented so readily to all your proposals, as well as received so many instances of your cheerful compliance with the demands made on our part, I am extremely concerned, Mr. Sterling, to be the involuntary cause of any uneasiness.

Sterl. Uneasiness! what uneasiness?-Where1 business is transacted as it ought to be, and the parties understand one another, there can be no uneasiness. You agree, on such and such conditions, to receive my daughter for a wife; on the same conditions I agree to receive you as a son-in-law; and as to all the rest, it follows of course, you know, as regularly as the payment of a bill after acceptance.2

Sir John. Pardon me, sir, more uneasiness has arisen than you are aware of. I am myself, at this instant, in a state of inexpressible embarrassment; Miss Sterling, I know, is extremely disconcerted too; and unless you will oblige me with the assistance of your friendship, I foresee the speedy progress of discontent and animosity through the whole family.

Sterl. What the deuce is all this?3 I don't understand a single syllable.

Sir John. In one word then-it will be absolutely impossible for me to fulfil my engagements in regard to Miss Sterling.

Sterl. How, Sir John! Do you mean to put an affront upon my family? What? refuse to

Sir John. Be assured, sir, that I neither mean to affront, nor forsake your family.5 My only fear is, that you should

1 'When.'

2 d'une lettre de change acceptée. 3 Que diantre signifie tout cela -The term diantre, which is still vulgar, is used (in the same way as the English word in the text)

instead of another and stronger particular word, for the sake of euphemism. See p. 201, note 14.

faire un affront à. 5to insult your family nor renounce your alliance.'

desert me; for the whole happiness of my life depends on my being connected with your family, by the nearest and tenderest ties in the world.1

Sterl. Why, did not you tell me, but a moment ago, that it was absolutely impossible for you to marry my daughter?

Sir John. True.—But you have another daughter, sir— Sterl. Well! 2

Sir John. Who has obtained the most absolute dominion over my heart. I have already declared my passion3 to her; nay, Miss Sterling herself is also apprised of it, and if you will but give a sanction to my present addresses, the uncommon merit of Miss Sterling will no doubt recommend her to a person of equal, if not superior rank

1 Turn, 'The whole happiness of my life depends on my being connected with you (de m'attacher à vous) by the . . . . ties, and my only fear is to see myself refused.' -We have used m'attacher à vous, not vous m'attacher: this case is similar to the one which I promised to explain, at page 21, note 2, and page 131, note 17. The disjunctive, instead of the conjunctive personal pronouns must be used, in French, exceptionally, when the governing verb is either a reflective verb (page 21, note 2, and also here), or any of the following recourir (to have recourse'), aller, courir (and also recourir, 'to run again'), accourir, venir, penser, renoncer, &c. Thus, at page 21, note 2, we could not have said, lui se plaignit; and thus we say je pense à lui, not je lui pense; &c. Observe, besides, that these disjunctive pronouns must follow the verb, whereas the conjunctive precede it, as a rule. The above rule, however, applies only to the case where persons, not things, are represented by the pronouns; for, with regard to things, the case is not altered here (we still use, as in all other cases, y,

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to it,' 'to them,' and en, of it,' of them,' before the verb). For those of my readers who might be puzzled by the words conjunctive and disjunctive pronouns, I shall put it in this way :-Whenever a personal pronoun, representing one or more persons, not things, is indirectly governed by any of the above mentioned verbs which requires after it the preposition à, or the preposition de, you must use, and place after the verb, one of the pronouns moi, toi, lui, elle, soi, nous, vous, eux, elles, soi, preceded immediately by the preposition (whether à or de).

2 Après ? 3 mes sentiments.

4 Miss Sterling herself;' simply, sa sœur. According to French custom, had a Mr. Sterling even twenty daughters, they would each be "Miss Sterling," any one of them as well as any other, instead of this appellation being reserved exclusively for the eldest, and they would all be distinguished from each other by their Christian names solely.

5 but,' seulement, here.

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6 my present addresses;' simply, 'them' (viz., mes sentiments'). 7 votre fille aînée.

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