Marked with two dots under it, thus-a.

Avoid the

two extremes: (1) That of giving a the sound of short

o, as ŏll for awl, etc.

two syllables, as aw'ul for all, caw'ul for call, etc.

(2) That of making a equal to

Marked with a breve, thus-ă. Avoid giving short a, as in ǎt, the sound of intermediate a, as in åsk, or of Italian a, as in älms. Say ănd, not ånd; ăn'swer, not

Avoid the two

Marked with a circumflex, thus-â. extremes: (1) That of giving it the sound of Italian a, as chär for châir, thär for thêre, etc. (2) That of long a, as ea'er for eâre, tha'er for thêre, a'er for âir, etc.

Marked with a dot over it, thus-ȧ. This is a medium sound between Italian a and short a. Avoid the two extremes: (1) That of Italian a, as färst for fåst, därnce for dance, etc. (2) That of short a, as ask for åsk, dănce for dance, after for åf'ter, etc.

I. WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED.

In all these words be careful to give a its intermediate sound as in åsk, not the short sound as in and.

Marked with a dot under it, thus-a. This sound is

equivalent to short o, as in not.

pronounced hwot, not wut.

The word what is

Marked with a macron, thus-ē. Long e is one of the three vowel extremes, ä and ọ being the other two.

Marked with a breve, thus-ě. Avoid yit for yet, aig

X.

Sound of e as in verge.

Marked with a wave or tilde, thus-ẽ.

This sound

nearly coincides with the sound of u as in urge, but is not quite so broad and guttural. Avoid the error of sounding like ai, as airth for earth, etc.

after ĕ its full sound.

Give the r

Marked with a circumflex, thus-ê. This sound is

identical with the sound of a as in câre.

Marked with a macron under it, thus-e. · This sound

XIII. The long sound of i and y.

Marked with a macron, thus―ī, ỹ.

XIV. The short sound of i and y.

Marked with a breve; thus-1, J.

XV.

Sound of i as in first.

Marked with a wave or tilde, thus-1. identical with the sound of e as in her. the broader and more guttural sound of Be careful to giver its full sound.

This sound is

Avoid giving u as in ûrge.

XVI. Sound of i as in pïque.

Marked with two dots over it, thus-ï. This sound

is equivalent to that of long e as in mē.