virtues of those three creeds tend to self-lievers' blood lies the directest path; a abnegation, and therefore, except under few more who are exceptionally brave, and most unusual circumstances, as when Se- profess readiness to die for the faith as an poys in the Red Sea, in their zeal for cer- honorable way of parading that fact; and emonial purity, throw away a bucket of a few more who are aware that hemp, water because an officer has drunk a eaten at the proper time, will give them spoonful of it, they excite no hostility. all the advantages of courage. These The virtues of Mahommedans are, how-men are very formidable for a few minever, of a different kind. Every Mus- utes in a charge, for they will go on, and sulman is taught, directly or implicitly, men who will go on with a rush are diffithat he ought to fight for his faith, that cult to kill out; but still, they are not more he should assert himself as one of a dangerous than any other soldiers who favored people, and that it is wrong for can be urged forward against odds. What him to endure, if he can help it, a direct is to make them so? Fanaticism is not a and visible assertion of infidel superiority. rabies, so that the bite of fanatics should Of the millions so taught, a proportion be poisonous. As for the majority, they believe the teaching, and a few believe it believe it right to fight, and salvation to so strongly that they will rather die than be killed in fighting; but the belief is not allow the infidel to get above them in any held in a way which elevates them above visible way. There is, therefore, in Mus- either selfishness or fear, or even indissulman countries religious enthusiasm, position for severe exertion. It is held as sometimes rising to fanaticism, that is, Englishmen hold that doctrine about breaking loose from the control of the turning the other cheek. If Mussulmans judgment; and, of course, when dogma is do not see the road to victory, they "run very much preached or events bring the away," or "retreat," or "retire fighting," obligations of their creed clearly home to like other soldiers, according to their the children of Islam, there is a good deal courage or discipline, or their confidence of it. But there is much less in quantity, in their commanders. Their fanaticism, and what there is, is much less energetic such as it is, is not an overmastering im in kind, than Europeans seem at this anx- pulse, but only a passive belief, and but ious moment inclined to believe. The little helpful when the hour of danger armajority of Orientals are no more religious rives. Nor, on the other hand, does it than the majority of Europeans. They lead them, as so many Europeans believe, believe the teaching of the Koran as Nea- to massacre. Mahommedanism does not politans believe the teaching of their order, or indeed justify massacre, unless priests, or as Londoners believe the pre- the infidels resist. Even at Delhi, the cepts of the Bible, but they do not act on Mahommedan doctors warned the empe it. All Mussulmans accept the idea that ror in 1857 that in sanctioning the massaif they perish in battle with the infidel, cre of the helpless, he was breaking the they go to heaven, just as all Christians law and bringing down the vengeance of accept the idea that they ought to forgive Heaven; and the Alexandria case was their enemies, and love those who despite- infinitely worse than that, was, in fact, a fully use them; but very few act on their massacre of guests. Massacre in the belief, in either case. We question if the East does not proceed from fanaticism, proportion of true fanatics among Mahom- but from the cause which recently induced medans - that is, of men who will die French artisans to attack Italian artisans, fighting a hopeless battle for the faithis much greater than that of true upholders of the doctrine of non-resistance among ourselves. If it were - if, that is, the majority of Mussulmans were ready to die on the field as the readiest path to heaven we should never beat a Mussulman army without destroying it. We do beat Mussulman armies, and we do not destroy them, or any appreciable proportion of them. They never die in masses voluntarily, even when, as in the first war in Malacca, the Jehad or religious war has been properly proclaimed. In every Mussulman army there a few men of convinced minds, "who think through unbe

a boiling dislike of strangers who speak another tongue, act on other rules, and are horribly in the way. Of course, the hatred of the Asiatic for the European is much more bitter than anything we find in Europe, though the Russian hatred for the Jew is akin to it; because the European in Asia, unlike any other stranger in the world, takes the top place, and tries to drive the majority his way. Let groups of Chinamen come here, and take all good appointments, and tax us, and tell us that we are barbarians, and try to compel us to wear pigtails and eat puppies, and we venture to say their paganism will not have much to do with the treatment they

will receive. If the creed had anything | ligious. There is not much "fanaticism"
to do with the matter, Arabi's followers in that view, nor in any other which the
would kill out both Armenians and Copts; majority of Mussulmans take of events
whereas the former are only killed casu- around them. We should say that while
ally, when wearing too European a dress, Mussulman fanatics undoubtedly exist,
and the latter are not killed at all.
fanaticism was as little a motive force in
There are plenty of motives for murder the East as it is in most Christian coun-
in the East, without imagining a non-ex-tries, and distinctly less so than it is
istent fanaticism; which, again, is not the among the peasantry of Russia.
irrestrainable and, as it were, explosive
quality it is popularly believed to be. It
yields readily to law. The Russians have
had little trouble with their Mussulman
subjects, nor have we. A report arrives
now and then that a Mussulman "fa-
natic" on the Indian frontier has mur-
dered an officer, but it will generally be
found either that he belonged to a tribe
that had been punished, or that he found
himself refused justice in some suit; that,
in short, he is very like an Irish agrarian
assassin, only not so cruel. Up to 1852,
there used to be a fanatic outbreak every
year in Lucknow, in the great street, the
two sects of Mahommedans killing and
wounding one another freely. It was
supposed impossible to stop this, but in
that year, Captain Hayes, the acting resi-
dent, thought the slaughter had better
end, and obtained permission to plant two
pieces of cannon at the end of the street,
and to proclaim that, if a sword were
drawn, he should open fire. Everybody
knew he would do it, the street was
crammed, and the quiet harmony of the
two sects was heavenly. Fanaticism, the
dreaded spiritual power, yielded instantly
to the fear of death, just as it does upon
the battle-field.

From The Saturday Review.
THE WELCOME OF AN INN.
IT would seem that the evolution of all
social institutions is towards democracy.
To this rule modern modes of travelling
and modern hotels are no exceptions.
When, in the old posting days, every win-
dow looking on the inn-yard was full of
heads the moment that the jingling of
bells and the cracking of whips was heard;
when my lord's carriage dashed in with
its red wheels and postilions brilliant in
yellow breeches, shiny hats, and laced
coats; and when, as the courier helped
her ladyship's woman from the rumble,
the obsequious host bowed my lord out of
the inside, there could be no doubt that
travelling was in the aristocratic stage of
development. What a change to the
present day, when the hotel omnibus,
loaded with piles of luggage outside, and
inside with cross and spiteful travellers,
empties its load at the hotel door! The
crowd round the bureau, the harsh and
vehement portier, the rush up-stairs to
carry the room that has got the view
We have often been asked how far which a panting bishop may be distanced
Mussulman "fanatics," or indeed any by a nimble hairdresser - these, and the
pious Mussulmans, expect victory from thousand other little acts of meanness
the interposition of Heaven, as Cromwell's which are practised to secure the best
Ironsides, for example, expected it. We accommodation, are all signs of the change
cannot answer the question, and never that has been wrought in a generation.
met any one who could. It is almost in- In old days there was a romance about
conceivable that good Mussulmans should travelling which has now ceased to exist.
not expect divine help, and equally incon- The traveller did not then feel that his
ceivable that if they did expect it, they nationality and his exact social status
should not advance to battle with more were all accurately, perhaps unkindly,
confidence, and should not persist in fight- measured by the waiter who took his hat
ing a little longer. They certainly expect and stick at Naples. Now he is sure they
the ultimate ascendancy, though not, we will be, for the man is just fresh from the
see reason to think, the universal accep. Langham or the Charing Cross Hotel,
tance of Mohammedanism, and they must and knows to a nicety the cost and qual
see in each battle a step to that ascendancy.ity of the traveller's great-coat. In old
They do not, however, if they have any
such expectation, feel it strongly; they
never fight, if they can help it, without
advantage in numbers, and their doctors
maintain that to declare war without rea-
sonable hope of success is positively irre-

in

days all who travelled for pleasure were English milords. It is related of an innkeeper of the old style that to the question "What was that great family who have just driven up?" he replied, "Oh! they are some English who have arrived,

at a little separate table in the window, pay a franc a head extra, and have all the dishes handed to them last; the highest, those who dine two hours later on the half-cold remains of the six o'clock dinner, at three francs a head extra. It is characteristic of our new democracy that rank here varies inversely with the good

but I do not know yet whether they are | table d'hôte, say, at six o'clock; the midAmericans or Russians." Now a portier dle, those who dine at the same hour, but will not hesitate a moment whether to address a traveller in Dutch, Russ, or English. Forty years ago there were, no doubt, public tables kept in most of the great hotels abroad, but the table d'hôte had not then assumed the stereotyped form it now bears, and which makes the dinners served at six or half past, from the Nile to the Hague, from St. Peters-ness of the dinner. It is only among the burg to Ajaccio, absolutely identical. Tell any experienced traveller the day of the week and ask him to prophesy a dinner, and he will prophesy exactly. And indeed the task is not one of great difficulty, for he has always the fixed points of pou let et salade and dessert varié from which to calculate. He may, perhaps, not always hit on the precise nomenclature, but he will be sure of the thing itself. "Le nom de tout et le goût de rien," was a Frenchman's epigrammatical way of summing up a long dinner; and, indeed, the wealth of language which can be employed to designate one and the same dish is very remarkable. A cook once struck out an original line by alternately calling poulet and poulet sauvage the tough legs of chicken he was used to send up, ac companied by what the poet has called "the trampled herbage of the field" swimming in a liberal supply of oil at the bottom of a white washhand-stand basin. "Hoil! hoil again! I can't abide hoil," was the pathetic cry of an English lady, unaccustomed to foreign travel, which was heard to rise high above the roar of a long table, as the waiter deftly flung down at her side in his hurried flight the said white basin. Some at least of her countrymen and countrywomen felt sympathy with her sorrow, and admiration for the honest indignation which gave it utterance. If the Frenchman's remark was true of the menu, it is equally true of the wine-list at a modern hotel. This curious subject, in truth, demands much greater space than we can give it here; it often holds "wonders untold," as the poets tell us the ocean does. One shall be quoted here; "whishyoldirish," as an example of the finest travel-talk English, can hardly be rivalled.

The welcome of an inn afforded by the table d'hôte is perhaps not so important as that afforded by the guests. Though modern inns are democratic in constitution, survivals of an earlier polity remain. Speaking broadly, there are three classes of inhabitants at an hotel; the lowest, those who dine at the long table of the

lowest class that social intercourse takes
place freely. Seated at the top of the
long table is sure to be found the mana-
ger of all such intercourse. He is a so-
cial phenomenon of great interest, and is
best described as the aged inhabitant;
he has known the hotel since it was built,
he comes every year in the first month it
opens, he stays till it closes. If in a
mountain place, his great, nay his sole,
occupation is to watch the carriages ar-
rive. For this purpose he waits in the
garden, and as the carriage drives in he
turns with absolute regularity the corner
of the building. His first position is
near the horses' heads, where he waits
till the party have got into the hall; hav-
ing committed the number of persons to
memory, he then saunters into the hall as
if on business of his own, and takes up
his second position below the stairs. The
strangers are by this time on their way to
their rooms, and their heavy trunks are
being deposited in the hall. Now is his
chance; as each heavy box is brought in
he falls on it, and intently examines the
label, turning over each package till he
has got a clear notion of the personnel of
the party. His observations finished, he
retires again to his lair to await another
arrival. Say that the party are of the
table d'hôte class, they may be certain
that as they take their places at dinner
they will hear him say to the person next
him: "A large party came in to-day
great many servants.
I think four, per-
haps five, I could not count them quite
accurately; " and he mutters to himself,
"I wish I had given more attention to the
servants - but it was such a confusion,"
with an air that seems to say that it is not
fair to put one out like this, people should
be more considerate. You soon get to
know him, for he will come up to you the
day you arrive, and explain to you the
excellences of the place, the reasons why
it ought in reality to be fine, though it is
drenching with rain. He will add that
you must go up such a mountain or see
such a waterfall before you go; that your
guide will be So and-so, that he will order

a

to join us?" The class invariably consider their oracle as inspired with universal wisdom, and listen to the very hazy and antiquated facts he produces as if they were new discoveries. To his class he talks of "we" in a way which seems to imply I and the astronomer royal. “We have now obtained a more correct measurement," or "We feel almost certain," are ever on his lips. The middle-aged spinsters admire him greatly, and at dinner the wonderful information possessed by Mr. Parkins is often the subject of admiration.

him for you, that you can go to-morrow or
Tuesday, which you please, but that you
must not put it off later. The post is one
of the daily events at which the aged
inhabitant shines most. He does not re-
ceive any letters himself, but he counts
the budgets of others. He will say com-
plainingly to you, as if you had shocked
his sense of proportion, "You had a great
many letters to-day," and when you meekly
try to explain the fact away as quite ex-
ceptional, you hear him mutter, "Yes, but
he had six letters and a postcard on Thurs-
day." To the place to which he has at-
tached himself the aged inhabitant is We have said something of the trav
unflinchingly loyal. He will allow no eller and his welcome at an inn in his
word of complaint against the hotel, the individual and family aspects. We must
weather, or the locality to be breathed in now treat of him in the artificial family
his presence, for he regards any such which, though it subsists side by side
words of disapprobation as personal af with the natural family, is, as Profes-
fronts, and resents them as such. Wheth-sor Stubbs has told us, a later social
er it has poured for six weeks, or whether development. The personally conducted
there are dust clouds blowing like the tour is, considered scientifically, an arti
simoom, the weather must be assumed to ficial family, and resembles in many in-
be genial and temperate. The only per- stances - especially in its quarrels — the
son who ever dares to assail the position natural family. It is a mistake to sup
of the aged inhabitant is a passing cler- pose that the institution is merely En-
gyman; he may, if he be a very militant glish. To a traveller astonished at the
Christian, rival the aged inhabitant, and, sudden irruption of a horde of bearded
in extreme cases, may even drive him men into a salle-à-manger, an intelligent
from his post at the head of the table. waiter exclaimed, in explanation, “Sono
In the case of a resident chaplain an aged tutti Cooki," and then, correcting himself,
inhabitant of any spirit would move to "Une espèce de Cook," for the party was
another hotel. Another of the various entirely French and Italian. Sorrow and
types that welcome one at an inn is the heart-achings can be no more banished
mild man with a taste for natural science, from the artificial than from the real fam-
whose vocation it is to explain, usually ily. One among those we have just men-
wrongly, the more elementary facts of tioned sat apart and apparently in grief.
astronomy. This gentle being, sometimes A lady, wishing if possible to relieve his
a clergyman who does not do duty, some- suffering, seized an opportunity which
times a retired lawyer or doctor, but inva-occurred to probe his wound. "Ah, mad-
riably arrayed in a black wide-awake hat am," he exclaimed, "I am miserable, mis-
with a long puggaree, is always seeking erable because I am poor.
I am on my
to form a class to which he may lecture. wedding tour and alone, because I was
His haunt is the portico or verandah of too poor to bring my bride with me." In
the hotel, where in many cases he has such a case the comforts and delights of
induced the landlord to place a brass tel- the artificial family were of no avail.
escope on a three-legged stand. The When the poet Sa'adi gave way to some
instrument often serves him as a decoy unpleasant and melancholy remarks, his
for recruiting his class. His simple tac- friend "clung to his skirt and cried,
tics are these. He waits till he sees a What is the remedy?"" From this
stranger approach, standing not too near; democratization of hotel life, if we cling
oftener than not a kind of infatuation will to the skirts of the directeur and cry,
induce the devoted man to look through "What is the remedy?" if he answers
the telescope; quick as thought the man anything, it will most probably be "fur-
in the puggaree is upon him. "Excuse nished lodgings." But in many cases
me, but it is not properly adjusted; a very such an answer would be a mockery.
nice instrument; Saturn's rings can be Sa'adi got out of his difficulty by saying
seen quite clearly with it. This evening that he would compose a book, but such
we (he will always speak of his class in a course would be of little use here. In-
this way) "are going to have it put on the deed it seems that we must fain admit
roof to look at Mars. Would you care that there is no remedy. As the Nihil-