manded, if successful in all its separate particulars, many months to accomplish. In fact, the appellation of siege applied to our operations may almost be considered a misnomer; it may rather be said we were attacking an intrenched position. Under this view we had erred in distributing the fire of our artillery so widely, and should rather have concentrated it on those points intended to be forced; and, when the enemy's guns bearing on the ground to be advanced over were sufficiently silenced, the attempt should have been made to carry these points by assault. As the inner harbour divided the defences of the place, if an assault were made on both sides of it the garrison must have divided their force, when the two bodies could not have mutually assisted each other, the fire of the French having destroyed the bridge of boats, and commanding the whole extent of the creek or they must have left one point inadequately guarded, the forcing of which would have entailed ultimately the loss of the whole of the defences south of the great harbour. With our very superior numbers so many points might have been threatened that the garrison must have been subdivided into many small garrisons, and the real attacks might have been made with a disparity in our favour which would have promised well for success. But if the assault were judged impracticable, there would seem to remain for the capture of the city but one alternative; viz. to invest the place, either directly, by marching down upon the north side, or by throwing a sufficient force across the roads from Perekop and the Sea of Azoff to answer the purpose of an investment. This again involved (besides the necessity of large reinforcements) complex and doubtful operations-marches into the interior from a divided or inadequate base, and battles in the field: all which considerations were doubtless taken into account in discussing the question of the assault. CHAPTER XXII.—SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS. On Thursday the 19th April, at daybreak, I rode down to Kadukoi to accompany a reconnoissance which Omer Pacha, who had arrived from Eupatoria with twenty thousand Turks and Egyptians in the preceding week, was about to make towards the Tchernaya. At the barrier-gate of the intrenchment across the Kadukoi road eight hundred chasseurs d'Afrique were assembled. In the camp of our heavy brigade a squadron of each regiment was drawn up in front of its own tents, and a half troop of Thomas's horse - artillery was issuing from the village on to the plain where the 10th Hussars, who had arrived from India a few days before, were drawn up, making with the heavy brigade, who presently joined it, about one thousand sabres. The French cavalry and guns, together with a few Turkish horse, descended into the plain, and the whole waited the proper moment to advance. This depended altogether on the progress of the Turkish infantry, which, led by Omer Pacha, had issued from the right of our lines far up the hills, and were crossing towards Kamara. A few shots told us when the Russian outposts were driven in, but the ground was more difficult than was expected; and so much time was taken up on the march that I had leisure to ride into Kadukoi and breakfast and feed my horse before the cavalry moved across the plain. At half-past eight, the Turks having reached Kamara, we moved towards Canrobert's Hill-French chasseurs, Turkish horse, and English hussars forming a line of skirmishers, supported by detachments at a short distance, while the main bodies of cavalry came on in compact columns with the artillery on the flanks. Passing beyond Canrobert's Hill, we found on its rearmost slope a number of burrows, like those bivouacked in by the Turks, roofed with branches and earth—and other similar abodes appeared on the adjoining slopes, all, of course, deserted. Crowning the next ridge, we saw a few Russian horsemen before us in the defile where the charge of the Light Brigade had taken place; on a steep brown hill in front was a body of Cossacks behind an intrenchment drawn across the slope near the summit. Kamara was Occupied by the Turkish infantry, whose skirmishers extended down towards those of our cavalry, and the main body of the reconnoitring force appeared on the verge of a high woody rock at the back of Kamara, and thither I (being present merely as an amateur, and not tied to any particular station) accordingly rode. The only building remaining in the village of Kamara, which stands halfway between the plain and the top of the heights on the Woronzoff road, is the church, and that is in a very dilapidated condition. It stands in a stone enclosure, which was lined with Turkish soldiers, a battalion of whom was drawn up on the slope beneath. Passing this, I ascended by a path like the bed of a torrent through thick coppice (which showed that the Russians here must have been better off than we for firewood during the winter) carpeted with primroses and buttercups, and enlivened by some wild fruit-trees in full blossom, to the top of the abrupt mountains, where the main body of the Turks had piled arms, and were cooking their victuals, their officers and such of ours as had accompanied them forming breakfast circles, while the Engineers took such notes and sketches of the country before them as were required. The view from this lofty point was extensive and graud-on the left the Tchernaya might be traced passing our position on the plateau to the distant ruins of Inkermann-in the plain below was our cavalry, picturesquely grouped-and all around were high mountains, grey or brown of tint, with glimpses of green in low-lying spots between. After a time the infantry descended towards Kamara, where Lord Raglan and his staff were watching the operations, which were directed altogether by Omer Pasha. The venerable appearance which the Turkish commander's white beard and mustache give him at a little distance completely vanishes on a closer view, when the brightness and energy of his face correspond well with his slender straight nre. He looks about forty-eight. had two splendid chargers in the field-a chestnut and a bay. The Cossacks still held the hill in front, and two bodies of Turkish infantry were marched towards them, accompanied by doleful music. Long before they got within musket range, however, some rockets were fired by the French at the Cossacks, which pitched and exploded near them, when they at once quitted the intrenchment and hastened off behind the hill, up the steep stony barren side of which we all now moved, the Turkish infantry, already on their way, being first. Presently a volley was heard in front, which was fired by the Russians posted in the valley of the Tchernaya at those who were first over the hill, and which damaged nobody. Steep down beneath us was a bend of the river, which divided into streams, and, uniting again below, meanders here among willows and poplars. On the left stood a stone bridge, higher up the stream than that we had crossed when on the march from Mackenzie's Farm, in September; covering the latter, on the opposite side of the river, was an earthwork for six guns, which was not armed. Other intrenchments were visible at different points, particularly up the main road into the hills in front, where a few Russians were drawn up, and near them was a foot-bridge over the stream. Nothing appeared to prevent our passage, if we had been disposed to cross the river; but when the Turk ish chief had satisfied his curiosity, the troops swept round the hill, and commenced the march home. The 10th Hussars marched past for Lord Raglan's inspection on the plain; and he afterwards rode through the ranks of the Heavy Brigade, which, drawn up in squadrons, looked very soldierlike and splendid, though its numbers were but scanty. The men and horses, survivors of that terrible winter bivouac, had quite recovered from the effects of their privations, and, though not so sleek and shining as of yore, looked as fit for work as ever. A few days after, Omer re-embarked for Eupatoria, which was said to be threatened with an attack, taking a great part of his troops with him. On the 25th of April, the ambassador, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, arrived with his family from Constantinople, and remained more than a week. H 1 On the night of the 1st of May, the French attacked and carried a counterguard before the central bastion covering the town, in which the Russians were preparing to place guns, and from whence some small mortars had begun to throw shells into the trenches. The musketry fire was very hot during the conflict. At four o'clock on the following afternoon, the Russians attempted to retake the work, but were repulsed with loss, some French guns having been brought to bear on them. In the two affairs, the French lost about 100 men killed, and double that number wounded; and 160 Russian bodies were left on the ground. Nine of the small mortars were among the trophies secured by our allies, and five Russian officers were made prisoners. On both occasions the enemy's officers are said to have displayed great gallantry in leading on and animating their men. Early in May, I accompanied a friend, who had just joined from England, over the battle-field of Inker mann, now gaily sprinkled with flow ers, blue, red, and yellow. From the Two-gun Battery we descended the face of the hill, where the Russians had climbed up to attack the Guards. The valley was filled with a luxuriant growth of grass, quite hiding the marshy soil, and alive with frogs, whose croakings filled the air; and the trees which fringe the course of the Tchernaya were in full leaf. Passing beyond the farthest French sentinel, we came, amid the bushes on the face of the steep, on the shallow grave of a Russian, where was visible, protruding from the thin covering of soil, a withered clenched hand. The dead man's belt still encircled his bones, and the bayonet-sheath rested outside the earth. A little farther down was a skeleton in Russian uniform, lying on its face; some light-coloured locks still clung to the skull, and through a hole in the trousers the fleshless leg was visible. Thus it happened, that my friend, who had read in England, months before, an account of the battle, and had learned almost to class it with the famous actions of history, was now face to face on the battlefield with the corpse of a soldier slain in the combat. While we looked at it, a rifleman, on the other side of the valley, sent a bullet at us, which dropped among the bushes some yards below, and some others followed with no better aim. INDEX TO VOL. LXXVII. Aberdeen, lord, Lord John Russell on, Absolute power, tendency of, to produce Achulko, the capture of, 178, 180. Alexander, the Czar, the attempted ame- Alison, sir A., on Lord Palmerston, 730. Allan, sir William, 589. Allix, captain, 238. Trench's lines to the, 532. Arnault, Naptal, a French actress, 344. Austria, conduct of the Government with Backwoods, an election in the, 449. Ballot, necessity of, for the militia, 8, 474. Baltic fleet, the, and sketch of its opers. Baraguay d'Hilliers, general, 650. Beet, proposed cultivation of, 75. Alma, conduct of the Allies at the, 9 Beggars, anecdotes of, 257-rules of their Alton Locke, remarks on, 625, 627. Amir Hadji Yar, siege, &c. of, 177. Animal appetites, connection of, with the Animals, the intelligence of the, 409. Aristocratic influence, on the alleged community, ib. et seq. Bell, sir Charles, on articulation, 406. Bellavene, general, 537. Blythedale Romance, novel of the, 564. Bosphorus, the hospitals on the, 353. Brain, functions, &c. of the, 402 et seq. Brodie, Mr, statue of Corinna by, 596. Brown, J. C., painting of Glencoe by, 591. Buffon on the length of human life, 502, BULWER, 221. Burgess, lieutenant, 655. Burial truce at Sebastopol, the, 616. Butter, consumption of, in England, 69. Cambridge, the duke of, at Inkermann, Cambyses, the madness of, 483. Campaign of 1812, sketches of the, 538. CANADA AND THE NORTH-WEST STATES OF Canteen of the soldier, the, 395. Cathcart, sir George, at Inkermann, 240. Cavalry, deficiency of the army in, 351. Charles O'Malley, the novel of, 565. Children, right management of, 26, 27. Christie Johnston, the novel of, 567. TION, 21. -THE CENSUS - EDUCA- CIVILISATION-THE CENSUS, 309. Clothing, the supply of, for the army, 374. Coffee, the supply of, to the army, 374. COMBE, COLONEL, MEMOIRES DU, reviewed, Commerce, relations of, to wealth, 65. Commissariat, inefficient state of the, CONDUCT OF THE WAR, THE, 1. Constance Herbert, novel of, 561. Constantinople, winter view of, 354. Coolali, the hospital at, 356. Copper mines of Lake Superior, the, 705. tracts from, &c., 499. Cortes, proceedings of the, regarding Coryat, Tom, the English Fakir, 255. Coulter, Joseph, at Inkermann, 185. Country life, Lavergne on, 77. Court, Antony haranguing the people by, |