preemption at this time. But it warned that, "Should nonfederal RF radiation standards be adopted, adversely affecting a licensee's ability to engage in commissionauthorized activities, the commission will not hesitate to consider this matter at that time."

•Though the FCC had originally proposed to key its actions under NEPA to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) 10 mW/cm2 standard, because the OSHA standard was based on the old ANSI standard, which was revised in 1982, the commission decided to base its rules on the more recent guidelines.

Dr. Robert Powers, FCC's chief scientist, will outline the new rules at a panel discussion on non-ionizing radiation at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Broadcasters in Las Vegas, NV, the week of April 14. And Cleveland will address the rules at the May 14-17 An

EXCERPTS

FCC's RF Human Exposure
Rules Under NEPA

Reprinted below are excerpts from the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) rules to consider radiofrequency (RF) hazards under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). All footnotes have been deleted from the original FCC text. which appeared in the March 20 Federal Register (50 FR 1/151). These rules are part of FCC's General Docket No. 79-144. They were adopted on February 26 and released on March 14.

Summary

1. The Commission is amending Part 1 of its rules implementing the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. (1976). The amendment provides for environmental analysis of major Commission actions that may result in non-compliance with applicable health and safety guidelines for radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Our processing guideline for determining the significance of human exposure to RF radiation will be the "Radio Frequency Protection Guides" adopted in 1982 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). At this time, the rule amendment will only apply to major actions taken by the Commission with respect to the following facilities authorized by the FCC Rules and Regulations: (1) broadcast facilities authorized under Part 73; (2) broadcast facilities authorized under Part 74 (Subparts A and G only); (3) satellite-earth stations authorized under Part 25; and (4) experimental facilities authorized under Part 5. An accompanying Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, also being issued today, proposes to categorically exclude other FCC-regulated facilities and operations from the provisions of this rule, except for shipboard satellite-earth terminals.

II. Background

2. On June 7, 1979, the FCC issued a Notice of Inquiry (NOI) concerning the responsibility of the FCC to consider biological effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation when licensing facilities and authorizing equipment that utilize RF energy....

3. As a result of the comments received in response to the FCC's NOI and our assessment of the Commission's statutory responsibilities under NEPA, the Commission issued a Notice of

MICROWAVE NEWS April 1985

nual Meeting of the Electromagnetic Energy Policy Alliance in San Diego, CA. Excerpts of the FCC's "Report and Order" appear below.

The FCC began considering radiation hazards in 1979 when it issued a Notice of Inquiry (NOI). In February 1982, the commission proposed the rules which it has now adopted with some revisions (see MWN, March 1982). Nineteen organizations filed comments and reply comments on the FCC's proposal (see MWN, September 1982). Comments on the new proposal are due on June 19, with reply comments due on July 19.

The "Report and Order" appears in the March 20 Federal Register, (50 FR 11151), and the proposed revision appears in the March 18 Register (50 FR 10814). For more information, contact FCC's Cleveland at (202) 632-7040 or Stephen Klitzman at (202) 632-6405. ●

Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) on February 18, 1982, proposing...that applications for equipment authorizations would be treated as "major actions" triggering environmental assessment when the equipment in question did not comply with RF radiation emission standards. It was also proposed that applications for construction permits or licenses to transmit would be treated as "major actions" triggering environmental assessment when the proposed operation would result in the exposure of workers or the general public to levels of RF radiation in excess of safe levels established by federal agencies which have jurisdiction to set such standards.

A. General

III. Discussion

4. A total of twenty-three filings of comments and reply comments was received at the FCC in response to the Commission's NPRM in Docket 79-144....The respondents included individuals, broadcast groups, major corporations, trade associations, a labor union, local government officials, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)....

5. With a few exceptions, respondents to the NPRM generally supported the thrust of the Commission's proposal. The general tone of the comments indicated a desire by many respondents that the Commission clearly establish a policy regarding RF radiation hazards and clarify Commission and licensee responsibilities in this area of growing public concern. Several of the respondents also suggested the Commission take actions that, we believe, go beyond the scope of this proceeding. Although various broadcast groups, such as the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), the TV Broadcasters All Industry Committee (TVBAC), the Association for Broadcast Engineering Standards, Inc. (ABES), and the National Association of Public Television Stations basically supported the proposed rule, they and others urged the Commission to issue a policy statement dealing with federal preemption of local and state standards for RF radiation....

6. Two respondents felt that the Commission should not adopt the proposed rule amendment at this time. The Utilities Telecommunications Council (UTC) recommended "that the Commission postpone adoption of its proposal until the EPA or another responsible federal agency establishes a legally enforceable exposure standard." UTC felt that it would be premature for the

Responding to

Your Customers' Needs Development of the AUTOPLEX System Privacy/Data Product is based on the increasing number of current and future business, military and government cellular phone users openly concerned about the total privacy of their phone conversations and the security of data transmitted through the airwaves.

Offered on a system-wide or per customer basis, this AUTOPLEX System service makes use of Switch Resident Equipment (SRE), an AT&T Information Systems CTS 1620 Privacy/Data Accessory, and Key Modules. It offers three types of calls-mobile-to-land, land-tomobile and mobile-to-mobile-plus a wide selection of customer features

Both privacy and data applications will appeal to all levels of executives, government officials, professionals, military personnel, sales and service representatives plus all other cellular phone users wishing to protect their conversations.

The data security application can be used to access remote databases, such as stock market information, insurance databases, or order and inventory databases. No special equipment is needed at the destination being accessed, a definite competitive advantage. Voice Privacy Benefits

For service providers, Voice Privacy can allow current customers to discuss sensitive issues thereby increasing air time.

It can also provide you with service differentiation to attract new corporate and government customers. The premium charge billed can generate increased system revenues. For customers, there is an increased level of privacy plus the capability to call any destinationprivately-without the need for destination apparatus.

Data Security Benefits

Service providers can take advantage of service differentiation, additional air time for data calls, premium billing and the opportunity to interest new users with specific data applications, e.g. field sales or service, order entry, stock checking and electronic mail.

Customers equipped with their own data terminals can receive data transmissions in their vehicles; protect access codes, passwords and sensitive information; call anywhere without special destination equipment; avoid hand-off and fading problems through error-free transmission; and save time using data speeds of 300/1200/2400 BPS.

System Configuration

Switch Resident Equipment (SRE): The SRE consists of System Channel Units (SCUS), Data Sets and a Common Control Processor. Connected to trunks in an AUTOPLEX Mobile Telephone Switching Office, SCUs are compatible with fourwire E&M Type I and II trunks. The SRE responds to requests for private voice

and data services activated through signaling tones and interfaces with trunk and signaling circuits. For data service, SCUS provide the capability to communicate with computer modems.

An optional Common Control Processor (required for systems with more than 48 System Channel Units) consists of terminals, two key processors and two operations processors. This equipment provides for secure dial back, remote equipment testing, SCU software download, class-of-service record, encryptionkey usage records and administration of up to 500,000 encryption keys. CTS 1620 Accessory: This unit is placed in a cellular phone user's trunk or passenger compartment and is connected to a cellular phone at the standardized interface between the control unit and transceiver unit. It communicates with the cellular phone and encrypts digitized voice signals to provide private voice service. Asynchronous data signals are also encrypted to provide data service. Both services use a Proprietary Digial Encryption Protocol.

Key Modules: Two modules containing
encryption keys can be used. The fixed
key module contains an encryption
record used between the CTS 1620
and the SRE for privacy and data. The
configuration/key module can hold a
private encryption record used for end-
to-end privacy and data.

AT&T

preemption at this time. But it warned that, "Should nonfederal RF radiation standards be adopted, adversely af fecting a licensee's ability to engage in commissionauthorized activities, the commission will not hesitate to consider this matter at that time."

•Though the FCC had originally proposed to key its actions under NEPA to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) 10 mW/cm2 standard, because the OSHA standard was based on the old ANSI standard, which was revised in 1982, the commission decided to base its rules on the more recent guidelines.

Dr. Robert Powers, FCC's chief scientist, will outline the new rules at a panel discussion on non-ionizing radiation at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Broadcasters in Las Vegas, NV, the week of April 14. And Cleveland will address the rules at the May 14-17 An

EXCERPTS

FCC's RF Human Exposure
Rules Under NEPA

Reprinted below are excerpts from the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) rules to consider radiofrequency (RF) hazards under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). All footnotes have been deleted from the original FCC text, which appeared in the March 20 Federal Register (50 FR 11151). These rules are part of FCC's General Docket No. 79-144. They were adopted on February 26 and released on March 14.

Summary

1. The Commission is amending Part 1 of its rules implementing the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. (1976). The amendment provides for environmental analysis of major Commission actions that may result in non-compliance with applicable health and safety guidelines for radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Our processing guideline for determining the significance of human exposure to RF radiation will be the "Radio Frequency Protection Guides" adopted in 1982 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). At this time, the rule amendment will only apply to major actions taken by the Commission with respect to the following facilities authorized by the FCC Rules and Regulations: (1) broadcast facilities authorized under Part 73; (2) broadcast facilities authorized under Part 74 (Subparts A and G only); (3) satellite-earth stations authorized under Part 25; and (4) experimental facilities authorized under Part 5. An accompanying Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, also being issued today, proposes to categorically exclude other FCC-regulated facilities and operations from the provisions of this rule, except for shipboard satellite-earth terminals.

II. Background

2. On June 7, 1979, the FCC issued a Notice of Inquiry (NOI) concerning the responsibility of the FCC to consider biological effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation when licensing facilities and authorizing equipment that utilize RF energy....

3. As a result of the comments received in response to the FCC's NO! and our assessment of the Commission's statutory responsibilities under NEPA, the Commission issued a Notice of

MICROWAVE NEWS April 1985

nual Meeting of the Electromagnetic Energy Policy Alliance in San Diego, CA. Excerpts of the FCC's "Report and Order" appear below.

The FCC began considering radiation hazards in 1979 when it issued a Notice of Inquiry (NOI). In February 1982, the commission proposed the rules which it has now adopted with some revisions (see MWN, March 1982). Nineteen organizations filed comments and reply comments on the FCC's proposal (see MWN, September 1982). Comments on the new proposal are due on June 19, with reply comments due on July 19.

The "Report and Order" appears in the March 20 Federal Register, (50 FR 11151), and the proposed revision appears in the March 18 Register (50 FR 10814). For more information, contact FCC's Cleveland at (202) 632-7040 or Stephen Klitzman at (202) 632-6405. ●

Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) on February 18, 1982, proposing...that applications for equipment authorizations would be treated as "major actions" triggering environmental assessment when the equipment in question did not comply with RF radiation emission standards. It was also proposed that applications for construction permits or licenses to transmit would be treated as "major actions" triggering environmental assessment when the proposed operation would result in the exposure of workers or the general public to levels of RF radiation in excess of safe levels established by federal agencies which have jurisdiction to set such standards.

A. General

III. Discussion

4. A total of twenty-three filings of comments and reply comments was received at the FCC in response to the Commission's NPRM in Docket 79-144....The respondents included individuals, broadcast groups, major corporations, trade associations, a labor union, local government officials, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)....

5. With a few exceptions, respondents to the NPRM generally supported the thrust of the Commission's proposal. The general tone of the comments indicated a desire by many respondents that the Commission clearly establish a policy regarding RF radiation hazards and clarify Commission and licensee responsibilities in this area of growing public concern. Several of the respondents also suggested the Commission take actions that, we believe, go beyond the scope of this proceeding. Although various broadcast groups, such as the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), the TV Broadcasters All Industry Committee (TVBAC), the Association for Broadcast Engineering Standards, Inc. (ABES), and the National Association of Public Television Stations basically supported the proposed rule, they and others urged the Commission to issue a policy statement dealing with federal preemption of local and state standards for RF radiation....

6. Two respondents felt that the Commission should not adopt the proposed rule amendment at this time. The Utilities Telecommunications Council (UTC) recommended "that the Commission postpone adoption of its proposal until the EPA or another responsible federal agency establishes a legally enforceable exposure standard." UTC felt that it would be premature for the

5

Responding to

Your Customers' Needs Development of the AUTOPLEX System Privacy/Data Product is based on the increasing number of current and future business, military and government cellular phone users openly concerned about the total privacy of their phone conversations and the security of data transmitted through the airwaves.

Offered on a system-wide or per customer basis, this AUTOPLEX System service makes use of Switch Resident Equipment (SRE), an AT&T Information Systems CTS 1620 Privacy/Data Accessory, and Key Modules. It offers three types of calls-mobile-to-land, land-tomobile and mobile-to-mobile-plus a wide selection of customer features

Both privacy and data applications will appeal to all levels of executives, government officials, professionals, military personnel, sales and service representatives plus all other cellular phone users wishing to protect their conversations.

The data security application can be used to access remote databases, such as stock market information, insurance databases, or order and inventory databases. No special equipment is needed at the destination being accessed, a definite competitive advantage. Voice Privacy Benefits

For service providers, Voice Privacy can allow current customers to discuss sensitive issues thereby increasing air time.

It can also provide you with service differentiation to attract new corporate and government customers. The premium charge billed can generate increased system revenues. For customers, there is an increased level of privacy plus the capability to call any destinationprivately-without the need for destination apparatus.

Data Security Benefits

Service providers can take advantage of service differentiation, additional air time for data calls, premium billing and the opportunity to interest new users with specific data applications, e.g. field sales or service, order entry, stock checking and electronic mail.

Customers equipped with their own data terminals can receive data transmissions in their vehicles; protect access codes, passwords and sensitive information; call anywhere without special destination equipment; avoid hand-off and fading problems through error-free transmission; and save time using data speeds of 300/1200/2400 BPS.

System Configuration

Switch Resident Equipment (SRE): The SRE consists of System Channel Units (SCUs), Data Sets and a Common Control Processor. Connected to trunks in an AUTOPLEX Mobile Telephone Switching Office, SCUs are compatible with fourwire E&M Type I and II trunks The SRE responds to requests for private voice

and data services activated through signaling tones and interfaces with trunk and signaling circuits. For data service, SCUS provide the capability to communicate with computer modems.

An optional Common Control Processor (required for systems with more than 48 System Channel Units) consists of terminals, two key processors and two operations processors. This equipment provides for secure dial back, remote equipment testing, SCU software download, class-of-service record, encryptionkey usage records and administration of up to 500,000 encryption keys. CTS 1620 Accessory: This unit is placed in a cellular phone user's trunk or passenger compartment and is connected to a cellular phone at the standardized interface between the control unit and transceiver unit. It communicates with the cellular phone and encrypts digitized voice signals to provide private voice service. Asynchronous data signals are also encrypted to provide data service. Both services use a Proprietary Digial Encryption Protocol.

Key Modules: Two modules containing encryption keys can be used. The fixed key module contains an encryption record used between the CTS 1620 and the SRE for privacy and data. The configuration/key module can hold a private encryption record used for endto-end privacy and data.

AT&T