Wool is an agricultural product, decidedly. The cards, spindles. and looms constitute the factory, and belong to mechanics, while the cloth belongs to manufactures. So that we have the wool, the factory and the cloth. The last being but the legitimate offspring of the other two, as really and truly as children are the progeny of father and mother.

As woman was formed for man, so in this case the mechanical (the factory) was formed for the wool. Of itself the wool (or agriculture) would be of little service without the factory (mechanics). And without the two (wool and factory, or in other words, agriculture and mechanics) we could not have the third, or cloth (the manufactured article). Hence, the wool (or agriculture) is interested in the factory (or mechanical department) alone; whereas the cloth (or manufactured article) is interested in both. The finish and beauty of the last being dependent on the quality of the first, and the perfection of the second.

The relation of the wool and the factory being such, the former is principally dependent upon the latter for its value. Hence, whatever adds perfection to the latter adds price to the former. And in the last, or cloth, we have but the summing up of price and perfection. Hence every improvement in machinery, tending to heighten the grade of perfection, does but so much to increase the price of the raw material, consequently benefits the grower; whereas the grower, by obtaining finer grades of the raw material, but increases the inducement of the skillful mechanic to better his fortune by the invention of machinery suited to a superior article. For as soon as the agricultural department furnishes an extra material, it becomes the interest of the mechanical to furnish the necessary machinery for its manufacture. Each of these, by promoting its own improvement, but promotes the interests of the other; and in the exact proportion that these two are improved, will manufactures be advanced. It was the creation of man that constituted the necessity for the formation of woman; so it is the production of the raw material that introduces the machinery. Had there never been the material, there had never been the factory; and without these, there had never been the manufactured article, any more than there had been a human family without natural parentage.

This view of the subject is, we think, correct, and numerous examples might be cited, illustrative of this family connection. Take as an instance steam, in any or all the different purposes to which it may be applied. Time was, and that at no distant day, when we had our sea-coast, our lakes and our rivers, acknowledged channels of commerce. We had our productions adapted to a northern climate, and those peculiar to a southern; but the means of interchange we had not. Sail vessels, flatboats and wagons were found to be inadequate. The time required to make an interchange of commodities, together with the labor and uncertainty, consumed the greater amount of advantages arising therefrom.

Slow, uncertain and laborious as were the means of transportation previous to the introduction of steam, it is more than probable that the world would have been content therewith, had it not been for agriculture. For it is quite certain nothing but the want of an easy, quick and safe means of conveyance, could ever have prompted mechanics to such an experiment. And nothing short of a flourishing agriculture an abundance of the productions of one locality seeking to supplythe wants of another-could ever have constituted such a want of such means of conveyance. Hence the introduction of steam,

in all the multiplicity of its uses to which it may be applied. Although perhaps the greatest and most important discovery on the records of invention, and the most complete and triumphant achievement of mechanical genius, it owes its origin to agriculture. Agriculture created the want the necessity—without which it certainly had never been introduced. Not only was agriculture concerned in the introduction of the steam engine, but it is deeply interested in its advantages, and greatly benefited by its operations. The surplus productions of one portion of country can now be exchanged for those of another, with certainty, convenience and dispatch. A quick, easy and cheap interchange of commodities is now effected. So that the interests of agriculture will never be likely to be seriously embarrassed by overabundance, or suffer materially on account of scarcity.

Nor are the interests of agriculture the only ones that share with the mechanical in the benefits resulting from the introduction of steam power. As no invention ever did more for agriculture and mechanics than steam has done, so no one discovery ever did more for manu

factures. No one discovery ever gave a greater impetus to this department, than a knowledge of the management of steam. A motive power has been furnished, that is, or may be adapted to any and every purpose, from the running of ships to the printing of books! What once required the presence and power of large rivers, is now performed by the aid of spring branches!!

The intimate family relation existing between these branches, is beautifully exhibited in this instance. Agriculture, at the head, furnished the motive and material-mechanics and manufacturers, order and perfect the arrangement. In proportion to the prosperity of agriculture, will we find mechanics flourishing or embarrassed. Nor have we any more reason to expect manufactures to prosper while agriculture and mechanics are oppressed, than we have to expect a healthy vigorous offspring from infirm and decrepit parents.

Having shown that agriculture, mechanics and manufacturers sustain to each other a strictly family relation, and having claimed for agriculture the honor of being head of that relation, and manufactures as but occupying a subordinate position, and being dependent upon both agriculture and mechanics, it may be necessary to introduce at least one other example in support of this theory; and in looking after one, we need go no further than to that important product, cotton, to find an article setting forth the relation we contend for.

It is only about seventy-five years since the first patent was granted in the United States to Arkwright for his "water frame," (the first cotton machinery.) At that date, the amount of cotton produced was small indeed, compared with the present; and the number of persons engaged in the manufacture of that article, did not exceed 30,000. But as the country (adapted to cotton growing,) became settled and improved, the produce of this article increased rapidly until 1792, when the importance of the business attracted the attention of Mr. Whitney, the inventor of the "cotton gin." It has been thought that the benefits arising from this single invention, have exceeded one hundred millions of dollars! Previous to this invention, it took extra diligence for an active hand to seed one pound a day! Since the invention of the cotton gin, the raising, manufacturing and exportation of cotton in and from the United States, have

become items of great national importance; so that the crop of 1849 has been estimated at from two and a half to three millions of bales! Important as the article of cotton now is to the world, and great as the demand is for that product, and various and indispensable as the uses are to which it is now applied, less than one hundred years have passed since the crop of '49, in the United States alone, would have been sufficient to have stocked the whole world for years! And what, it may be asked, has caused such a rapid increase in the production of that article? The increase of manufacturing facilities, is doubtless the answer to that question. As manufactures were multiplied, the demand for the raw material could but increase. These inventions and improvements to facilitate the manufacture of the article, were increased and multiplied only in proportion to the advancement of mechanics. And the advancement of mechanics was only at the instance of, and in proportion to, the wants created by agriculture. So that, in this example, agriculture was at the head of the industrial interest—the prompter. It was this that created the necessity for machinery,—it was this that set mechanics to work, and it was these two, agriculture and mechanics, that have given to manufactures their importance. Had it not been for agriculture furnishing and even crowding on the other interests an abundance of the raw material, who would ever have heard of such machinery as the "water frame"-or machinery for carding, roving and spinning? And had it not been for the amount of material produced, being too great to be picked and seeded by hand, who would ever have heard, or even thought of such a thing as a "cotton gin?”

And further, had it not been for agriculture in its place, taking the lead of the other interests, who would ever have heard of the names of an Arkwright, a Hargraves, a Crompton, a Cartwright, a Whitney, or a Slater?-men who immortalized their names by benefiting their country-whose inventions crowned their authors with fortunes, and the world with blessings. So that, at this time, not less than one million persons are engaged in raising cotton in the United States, and perhaps as many in the manufacture. Each department receives its reward through the assistance of the others, the whole three being so constituted that the interests of each is the

pros

perity of the whole; and the prosperity of the whole united, is the interest of each separated.

This view of the relation agriculture, mechanics and manufactures sustain towards each other, is supported by numerous examples, from the mighty steam engine, down to the plough, hoe, or pitch-fork. Every improvement (we do not say discovery, for the plough is an article of improvement, rather than invention,) of the plough tends to make the raising of grain easier, consequently plentier. The abundance of the staff of life allows of a larger number of persons to devote their time and attention to the construction of machinery, which machinery applied to agricultural purposes, will in turn be productive of more food than would the labor of the same individuals bestowed on agriculture directly. The raising of wheat, and other small grain, has been greatly assisted by the improvements on the plough, the invention of the drill, the reaper. thresher, and separator. It has been computed that the labor of one man now, assisted by the best agricultural implements, will produce as much bread as that of twenty would two hundred years ago. Hence, agriculture, though the most independent of any of the family, is indebted to mechanics and manufactures for the means by which it has been thus advanced. Every invention and improvement that tends to lessen labor, or that renders a given amount more productive, is a real advantage, not only to a single department, but to the whole. The introduction and cultiva tion of any new agricultural product, or an increased amount of any of the old staple products already in use, gives an impetus to mechanics, and the two to manufactures. And so, also, in the mechanical department, the benefits resulting from any special improvement or invention, are at once communicated to the other interests or members. On the other hand, let agricultural interests become embarrassed and cramped, and the other interests must suffer. Were it possible for the department of agriculture to suspend all operations, how soon alas! would the prosperity of the other interests wind to a close. The puffing of the steam engine would cease-the mingled noise of the workshop die away-and the hum of the factory no longer be heard.

In the family relation, dhe 1 usband is allowed to occupy the most important post; so that when he is removed, by death or otherwise, the other members generally suffer an irreparable loss: yet, it is pos