poor horses, in place of attacking the dismounted picadores. While a number of chulos rescued Pinto, others used their capas to draw off the bull from the dying horse, which was being speedily torn and lacerated by the huge sanguinary horns. At last the bull left his victim, and followed one of the chulos, who, taking a circuitous route, soon found himself hotly pursued, and, with a single bound, vaulted over the barrier, while his surprised and disappointed foe stopped for a moment, and then turned his wrath against the friendly barrier, in which he left the marks of his huge horns.

The exploits of the bull produced shouts of applause; in less than a minute he had thrown two picadores and slain two horses, and shouts of "Bravo toro!" rang through the plaza. The picadores had their share of the plaudits, as they had fought bravely. Calderon, who had a fall to avenge, was

from his feet, and bellowing loudly, as if to challenge anew his enemies. The movement was extremely hazardous; when a picador attacks a bull, he arranges, if possible, to fall so that the body of his horse will serve to shield him on one side and the barrier on the other, whereas in the middle of the arena he would be exposed to danger on every side. The daring of Calderon therefore called forth an ovation from the spectators. Excited by the tumult of popular favor, Calderon proceeded to challenge the bull, provoking it by brandishing his lance. Still the animal stood immovable, while the picador, making his horse advance a step, with a rapid action cast his huge hat before the bull; still the noble animal, although doubt; less astonished at such audacity, did not move. Calderon finally went so far as to prick the nose of his foe with his lance. This last affront roused his ven

the espada, making a sudden detour, stop-| ped, and gracefully wrapping himself in his cloak, waited the near approach of the bull, when, with great agility, he repeated his movement, again and again evading pursuit, and with the most tranquil air even allowing the sharp horns to touch his mantle. The spectators, as if moved by an electric shock, rose on seeing the fainting Calderon borne from the arena in the arms of the chulos. A large wound was noticeable on the forehead of Calderon, who was thus placed hors de

about as thick as one's thumb, and about sixty centimeters in length, ornamented with ribbons of colored paper; at one end there is an iron dart resembling a bait-hook. These small instruments of torture are fixed into the shoulders of the bull in order to irritate the already wounded animal; they are usually inserted in pairs, one in each shoulder. The work of the banderillero is dangerous and difficult, requiring great agility and coolness; both arms must be raised at once above the bull's horns, so as

almost to touch them; the least hesitation, the faintest doubt, or a single false step, The banderillas are so may prove fatal. frightfully irritating to the bull, that they intensify his fury to the last degree, and have given rise to the popular saying,"Give him the banderillas," addressed to some one who is being worried or chaffed.

Suddenly, as the Gordito was preparing to lay his fourth pair of banderillas, the clarion sounded the death-note. The honor of inflicting the first thrust had fallen to the Tato. The Tato, carrying in his left hand his sword and muleta, advanced to the president's seat, and uncovered his head in graceful salutation. This over, the Alcalde nodded approvingly, and the Tato, making a pirouette, tossed his mantle into the air. Then, with his sword in his right hand and his mantilla in his left, he made straight for the bull.

Passing his muleta, or little red flag, repeatedly before the bull, he failed to rouse it to charge. Then, as if to defy his foe, he lifted the banderillas with the point of his sword, and took up his position, holding his weapon horizontally, and his muleta draped on the ground. The Tato thus presented a superb picture. "How beautifully he stands!" exclaimed the women. But the moment of attack approached -all eyes were fastened upon the statuesque figure. Suddenly the espada advanced upon his foe, the horns touched the silk of his jacket, and his sword sheathed itself in the shoulder of the bull. The

pass which Tato had just made brought down thunders of applause, and from all sides came an avalanche of hats falling into the redondel. This storm of head-gear is the highest compliment that can be paid to the pluck of the arena, and the merit of the pass might be arithmetically reckoned by the number of hats tossed into the air. Cigars were also flying in great profusion, and even the charming

aficionadas tossed their bouquets into the arena in order to applaud with all the force of their little hands. The object of this ovation stood in the center of a frightful group of torn and mutilated horses, some dead, and others tossing their heads in agony above dark pools of blood which reflected the strange medley of flowers, fans, and satins, and at the same time the forms of the writhing and excited multitude-an ideal picture, indeed, of the ghastly and the gay of the Spanish bull-fight.

When the excitement had died out, the hats were calmly collected by the attendants, and cleverly tossed back to their respective owners to serve for another occasion. Some hats make at least half a dozen such journeys during a course. But the bull was not yet disposed of, although the sword blade was buried in his breast, and one could only see the hilt. The animal, beginning to totter like a drunken man, turned madly upon his own quivering flesh, then his eyes grew dim; but, as if defiant of death itself, he held his head proudly erect, until his pains were ended by the cachetero, a personage dressed in black, who struck one blow with a poniard, and the noble brute dropped his head in death. To celebrate this solemn event, the band played an Andalusian air

WEIGHING CHARCOAL.

much loved by the Spanish spectators, who kept time with hands and feet. The mules were now brought in to clear the arena of the dead animals.

Another bull was waited for with great

around in fragments, and continued his course, each flank decked with a superb banderilla. Words cannot describe the intense excitement of the scene. The air was darkened with a storm-cloud of hats, while a steady shower of cigars fell on the arena, which were picked up by the Gordito, who shared them with his comrades. One other scene which caused an uproar, was occasioned by a banderillero, who, at the moment when the death note sounded, was seized with the unfortunate ambition to inflict another pair of banderillas on the bull, but, making a false step, fell face downward. Notwithstanding the efforts of the chulos, he was lifted on the horns of the animal, and carried twice around the arena. Fortunately he fell to the ground, and his captor continued his course, carrying at the points of his horns some rags of satin. The man had been caught up by the vest, and, to the astonishment of the spectators, had escaped without a single scratch.

Later in their journeyings the travelers attended a corrida at Aranjuez, to witness a fight between a bull and a tiger. The course, however, did not last long. The tiger, in spite of the exciting cries of the crowd, remained perfectly still, displaying nothing in his attitude to denote the ferocity of his race. The bull, on the contrary, though small in size, was bent on war. Thus he advanced on his foe, and tossed him into the air. The tiger, without attempting to resent the insult, calmly crawled off to his cage, leaving his adversary master of the field.

Between beggars and bull-fights, one might conclude that the larger part of the population of Spain spent its time very lazily or very unprofitably. There, too, are the traveling musicians, who are to be encountered everywhere, and who are but one remove from beggars. Still there are industrious men and women to be found in Spain as well as elsewhere, and among them are workers in the tobacco manufactories. There is a very large establishment of this description at Seville, which was founded by an Armenian, Jean Baptiste Carafa, as long ago as 1620. This factory contained eighty-four courts, as many fountains and wells, and more than two hundred mills drawn by horses. Passing through the

visitors were assailed by a murmur like the sound of ten thousand swarms of bees. Here they found numerous workers, whose hands were employed in rolling cigars with an activity only surpassed by the ceaseless. clamor of their voices. As the visitors passed from place to place the busy tongues were arrested for an instant, but the whisperings soon commenced again with redoubled vigor. The Maestra said that if the workers were compelled to perform their tasks in silence, every one of them would leave the factory rather than submit to such tyrrany. Another strange sound mingled with the whisperings was caused by hundreds of scissors, tijeras, all in motion at the same time, cutting the points of the cigars; these are so indispensable to the cigarreras as to be called their bread-winners.

One or two of the best workers were able to turn out as many as ten packets or atados a day, each one containing fifty cigars, making a total of five hundred, an exceptional number, as few of the cigarreras make above three hundred cigars a day, and the majority not so many. The price paid per hundred is one franc, twenty-eight centimes, and the earning for an average day's toil is a little over two francs.

The people employed in making cigars are the aristocracy of the trade, known under the established name of pureras, that is to say, makers of puros, the name generally given to cigars to distinguish them from cigarettes, or cigarros de papel. Spanish cigars, as a rule, are of very large dimensions, and the largest are sometimes named purones; the inside is made up of Virginia tobacco, while the outer cover, or the capa, consists of a leaf of Havana tobacco. enormous number of cigars and of cigarettes is smoked in Spain, but the pipe is rarely seen unless on some parts of the coast in Catalonia, and in the Balearic isles. Although tobacco may be bought cheaply at the estancos or sales, yet it is asserted that large quantities are smuggled into the country, chiefly by way of Gibraltar, that great entrepôt for contraband goods.

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