are carnivorous to the perpetual danger of falling into any fissures or imperfectly closed chasms that may lie in their way; and in this circumstance we see an explanation of the comparatively rare occurrence of the remains of beasts of prey in the osseous breccia of the antediluvian fissure, although they also occasionally perished in them, as the dogs do at this day in the open fissure at Duncombe Park.

"Many of the arguments arising from the detail of facts we have been describing in Yorkshire are applicable to the illustration of analogous phenomena, where the evidence of their history is less complete. In our own country there are seven other instances of bones similarly deposited in caverns, the origin of some of which, though not before satisfactorily made out, becomes evident as a corollary from the proofs afforded by the cave at Kirkdale: these are in the counties of Somerset, Derby, Devon, and Glamorganshire."

His accounts of the other English caves, and of the caves in Germany, are very curious. The latter, where animal remains occur red in the same manner as at Kirkdale, he agrees with M. Cuvier in ascribing to bears;* in other cases to natural effects of deluge. The general argument is thus laid down:

"In the conclusion of my account of Kirkdale, I stated, that

its phenomena were decisive in establishing the fact, that animals which are now limited exclusively to warmer latitudes, e. g. the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and hyæna, were the antediluvian inhabitants of Britain, and not drifted northwards by the diluvian currents from more southern or equatorial regions, as had often been suggested, and was never till now disproved; and I pointed out the inference with respect to a probable change of climate in the northern hemisphere, which seems to follow from this circumstance.

"Another important consequence arising directly from the inhabited caves, and ossiferous fissures, the existence of which has been now shown to extend generally over Europe, is that the present sea and land have not changed place; but that the antediluvian surface of at least a large portion of the northern hemisphere was the same with the present; since those tracts of dry land in which we find the ossiferous caves and fissures must have been dry also, when the land animals inhabited or fell into them, in the period immediately preceding the inundation by which they were extirpated. And hence it follows, that wherever such caves and fissures occur, i. e. in the greater part of Europe, and in whatever districts of the other Continents such bones may be found under similar circumstances,

there

there did not take place any such interchange of the surfaces occupied respectively by land and water, as many writers of high authority have conceived to have immediately succeeded the last great geological revolution, by an universal and transient inundation which has affected the planet we inhabit."

Mr. B. is also of opinion, that all human bones found in caves or strata are post-diluvian; that at the date of the English and German caves, this part of the hemisphere was entirely inhabited by beasts, and became only at a later era the abode of man; that these beasts were all extinguished at one period by an overflow of waters; that this inundation produced all the varieties of cavernous deposits, and of loam and gravel, in which they are deposited; that their various states of preservation depend on natural and local causes; and that all the traces on the surface of the globe demonstrate the truth of the Mosaic history of a Universal Deluge.

dours; a name which at once presents to the fancy, the tournament and the court of love, the bower and the castle; bright ladies and gallant knights, caparisoned steeds and tented fields, with all the dazzling enchantments of chivalry.

"When, in the tenth century, the nations of the South of Europe attempted to give a consistency to the rude dialects which had been produced by the mixture of the Latin with the northern tongues, one of the new languages appeared to prevail over the others. Sooner formed, more generally spread, and more rapidly cultivated than its rivals, it seemed to assume the place of the forsaken Latin. Thousands of poets flourished, almost contemporaneously, in this new language, who gave it a character of originality which owes nothing to the Greeks or the Romans, or to what is called classical literature. They spread their reputation from the extremity of Spain to that of Italy; and they have served as models to all the poets, who afterwards succeeded them in other lannorth, and amongst these to the to those of the guages, even English and the German. All at once, however, this ephemeral reputation vanished. The voice of the Troubadours was silent; the Provençal was abandoned, and, undergoing new changes, again became a mere dialect, till after a brilliant existence of three centuries, its productions were ranked amongst those of the dead languages. From this period, it received no additions.

"The high reputation of the Provençal poets, and the rapid decline of their language, are two phenomena

the history of the cultivation of the human mind. That literature, which has given models to other nations, yet, amongst its crowd of agreeable poems, has not produced a single masterpiece, a single work of genius destined to immortality, is the more worthy of our attention, as it is entirely the offspring of the age, and not of individuals. It reveals to us the sentiments, the imagination, and the spirit of the modern nations, in their infancy. It exhibits what was common to all and pervaded all; and not what genius, superior to the age, enabled a single individual to accomplish. Thus the return of the beautiful days of Spring is announced to us, not by some

the production of which the artificial exertions of man have seconded the efforts of nature, but by the brilliant flowers of the fields, and by the prodigality of the meadows."

-- "Raymond Berenger and his successors introduced into Provence the spirit both of liberty and chivalry, and a taste for elegance and the arts, with all the sciences of the Arabians. The union of these noble sentiments gave birth to that poetical spirit which shone out, at once, over Provence and all the South of Europe, like an electric flash in the midst of the most palpable darkness, illuminating all things by the brightness of its flame."

Lances