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We should disarm money-power of its malign potency. The condition of the commercial world is such, that bank notes will circulate throughout the civilized world, and each country had best secure all the advantages of sound banks, controlled by satisfactory enactments, and all the bonus arising from such transactions. Secure, universally, the bill-holder, and give liberal charters to capitalists.

THE BEST BANKING SYSTEM

CAN only be instituted upon the true principles of securing the community all the advantages that liberal and enlarged competition produces.

The commercial capital must be adequate for the great law of supply and demand, to command all the sufficiency and advantages of markets, whether in amount or in time.

The ratio must be critically exact between the specie basis and the notes in circulation, and this must be in constant abeyance to recognised certainty of redemption.

According to the best views of free principles, the community may be supplied with all the necessary capital; yet no system can be satisfactory that does not meet the wants of trade, and the mighty interests and security of all bankers and people.

The banker must be fully responsible for his bank liabilities, equally as with his own, and of course he should be equally responsible for fraud and false pretences in such institution, as if committed in any other way, and as amenable to indictment and condign penalty.

The essential protection is in the responsibility, by good faith ownership, of property, limited only by proper resources, and commensurate with appropriate profits.

If we do not have a faithful conduct continued in all such institutions, we had better have none at all.

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Bankers should have their own capital truly represented, as banks cannot create capital; if they do, then the people suffer, beyond dispute, proportionately the banking is a miserable humbug, a nuisance, and the legislation most culpable, that permits any such, always to the injury of the bill and the property holders, and conclusively of the State, whose citizens she is bound to protect from demoralization and imposition.

The science of banking must be backed by the principles of honesty. Public opinion should always be conservative of its evils, to the perfect security of fundamental principles all the time, deep as the roots of these evils may go. The day has arrived, it is now the time of the hour, that mind can counteract rightfully all such unhallowed attempts to get the public's money.

All the most salutary restrictions should be placed on all corporate moneyed institutions that ask for privileges for public confidence, which should never be misplaced, as all false steps are ruinous in the extreme from perversions of great powers.

It is well to restrict inordinate speculations, that become a mania of the wildest character, sweeping over the land, unsettling the value of property, and the morals of the body politic.

When fictitious substitutes supersede the real, the State wakes up from her apathy and bad legislation, drained of her capital, improvidently banked upon by many millions, and her citizens by thousands, "leave their country for their country's good," and seek climes more congenial to their nature, in scenes fit for their purloined peculations.

Such means of corruption in banks, to the depth of several millions withdrawn by favoritism, present hardly a redeeming quality of any worthy public improvements of much national value, leaving the State possessed of the deserted homesteads of departed debtors, who forget to settle their bank accounts.

No legislation can put the people out of debt, or render a State a successful banker under intriguing directors. The best directors of capital are those that know the difficulty of its honest acquisition.

The redeeming quality will be in an honest state, that scorns repudiation as the worst corruption to her citizens, whose patriotic honesty prompts the payment of their proportion at once, to extricate the State from her liabilities of millions, incurred by most ignorant and wretched mal-legislation, hoping that no more State banks should ever be known in her limits, if the State be ever so miserably mistreated by her agents.

No State should be involved in a State bank debt of many millions, with nothing to show but ill-requited faith from bank directors, who had seduced some of the legislators by bribes or douceurs, &c.

The individual owners of property can best appreciate it, and as its rightful managers should always be in the majority in all bank regulations.

One of the great staples of the world's commerce is cotton, but a dangerous article for speculation to those seeking its monopoly. This kind of operation is dangerous in most all gigantic speculations, and very rightly from the nature of things, as those in meat and bread-stuffs have recoiled with fearful retribution.

Among other malign influences presented in the winding up, are lawsuits consequent on bankruptcy, arising from wild speculations.

All laws and principles have, by nature, penalties.

The best policy is to check all unwise gigantic speculations, that will finally surely ruin the people at large.

The possession of property, causing the proprietor to be encumbered with debt, produces any other than a pleasant situation. The world should beware of banks as well as lawsuits; it may be glad to get rid of both.

Swapping debts and compounding interest, do not rid you of debts. Concentrate, not diffuse, your powers.

One of the benefits of wise legislation is to render the circulation of money by banks, equal to the demands of commerce, but not subversive of it.

No legislation should cherish monopolies or factionists.

There must be securities, satisfactory and adequate, for all banks, to make the stockholders responsible, the bill-holders safe, else the people are at their mercy. How many have been reduced to misery and poverty by the bad faith of bankers?

Terrible is the reaction for morals and principles, that are violated in bank institutions.

Special privileges of banking create obligations for a fixed rate per cent. But individual property-holders, who do not seek corporate powers or special privileges of banks, should be constitutionally exempt from any especial trammels.

Wise legislation can go no farther than see that all branches of business should have the protection from inherent merits, and no more than the wisest organic policy can devise for national benefit.

The safest investment is best guaranteed through self-interest, that sharpens the quickest insight into matters.

The proper bonus is the safest and soundest policy of government, through correct legislation.

I am conscientiously opposed to any union of state, with any but legitimate powers, and those only on equitable satisfaction.

The great principle of supply and demand regulates the world under the supreme law of supreme intelligence, better than all the wisest legislation.

Here then the benefit of mind, that is, proper management of circumstances, displays the best management of the world, decidedly in the best method.

What malign influences money power wields, if perverted. What corruption to mould political and financial sentiments of the people, to bribe them with their own capital, to keep the state of any particular political complexion, and give unworthy members of society accommodations for thousands! When all public faith is violated in entrusting with bank directorships men who embezzle the money by thousands and tens of thousands, defrauding the people whom they bully to overcome, by all the vicious antagonisms possibly to be exerted.

These are the vices of corrupt legislation! God delivers us from the repetition of such evils, if we deliver ourselves from the corrupting influences.

The State should cause not only the greatness, but the purity of mind to stand forth in its boldest relief. What can we think of that community, where the legislators borrow millions to bank on, sanctioned by all the law-making powers, designing this large capital for favorites by the tens of thousands of dollars, a broken bank and a pretended bankrupt community, debtors secreting their property, and the State, if not repudiating, only saved therefrom, by extraordinary exertions of her noblest statesmen and wisest

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sons!

Does it matter about the name of government, if theft be intended and legalized? Surely estimating property many times its realized value for bank funds or security, will never answer for our honest discharge of liabilities.

It is bad enough to have private banks of mere paper character generally bursting, and ruining the parties in fortune and reputation. Those who have seen the evils of fictitious capital, may appreciate in part what is now adverted to.

An honest community cannot escape the moral poison, nor the horrid bankrupt effects.

Statesmen can never overlook these fundamental points.

The interest of the public cannot be duly protected, without concurrent private interest identified.

Thus the officers of a steamer will not risk explosion, when their interest is sufficiently identified in her. No banks should be created as political or legislative engines. Banks well regulated will best discount paper properly drawn, accepted and endorsed, by having it subject to the decision of a majority of private stockholders, who go in for the dividends, not to draw out the capital in larger proportion than they put in, and the bank based not on money-specie in the vaults, but on real and personal property of fictitious and fluctuating value.

No legislature in free governments has any right to make bank paper a legal tender. or bills of state credit. One of the most corrupt means of government, is the management of money matters, regulating the currency through banks. They must not be made political or other machines than called for by their legitimate functions.

The repudiation of banks is one of the world incidents, enough to teach the wisest precaution.

The proper position in banks, is to have them solvent, with guarantees of undoubted character, the notes genuine and promptly redeemed or redeemable. Is any individual opposed to banking, objecting thereto from the superficial knowledge or unfaithfulness of the operators? Let him observe the mighty results through the means of banking to commerce, the trouble and risk of specie and its impracticable narrow limits, and he needs must be a convert to a beneficent, wise and honest system of banking mutually beneficial to all parts of the world.

Whether general or independent banks, the public on which they operate should have undoubted security and safety funds, by deposits in bonds for their circulation.

In this way the State becomes endorser for safety.

Suitable bankrupt laws to secure an honest and good-faith transaction, should be instituted. Bankrupt laws may be prospective, not ex post facto. There must be no cloaking of property, by any means, any evasion of law.

WEALTH-INDEPENDENCE-CONTENT.

WEALTHY persons may be benefited on the reverse by poverty, if they act consistently with wisdom in the trial of their souls.

What a curse is wealth, if it deprive the possessors of the means of independence of time and leisure, of securing or preserving a good constitution, health, or due and desirable improvement of mind.

Wealth should never be the means of injury or aggression to any, much less the

poor.

It should be the benefit of mankind, in relief of the oppressed. The best use of wealth is to create the content of independence. Man ought to be content with a rational share of life's blessings.

Man is surrounded by a host of difficulties, that he has to surmount to his glory and reward if wise and firm, well cultivated in mind, especially able to command his passions, that may enslave and oppress him. Fortune or wealth is a curse, if acquired by improper motives and improperly protected. What a fraud in devising a scheme of being reported bankrupt, and then the party to buy up his paper as a bankrupt when full handed.

Property acquired or protected by unprincipled means, gives but little enjoyment. To appreciate the value of money, make it.

There can be no objection to wealth when it enlarges the world's area for progress and improvement, but what misery to be in debt and after riches? It is the legitimate use of money. Lay the proper foundation for a fair fortune.

The spendthrift does not estimate the value of money, as he has not made it. His parents made it for him to spend. They have not given him business, but spending habits, thus doing him an irreparable injury, especially if they have added to his false peculiar education, thus dwarfing his mind, and all its best impulses and expansions.

To estimate the full value of money, lose all, and then be in a strange land or city, where you can get no accommodation by loan or negotiable paper. You are in a great commercial emporium that looks at money before strangers.

Be able, competent and independent to face the world by the legitimate value of money, that enables man to stand up to his engagements, otherwise he is no man and need not talk of anything. But some people deem themselves nothing, and sink below the actual limit of their own minds; that will not do at all. Have they done the best under their circumstances? They have to fulfil all their engagements in life, expedient for principle.

The mind is apt to be thrown off its guard, but that must never be. To which of

the world-sharpers can mind trust? Which has tender mercy on any opportunity presented? Has the pickpocket?

In regard to money, it should only be sought for its real worth, as a subsidiary means to the loftiest attainments, to promote the full and comfortable benefit of mankind, not the enslavement of mind, merely hoarding dollars, and divesting itself of appropriate life. The desire for immense wealth is positively injurious to individuals and society, detracts from the pleasures of life, the independence of all.

THE WHOLE DRAMA OF GAMBLING, IN ITS COMPREHENSIVE SPECULATION.

ROUSE not the sleeping lion in his den.

Conceited and avaricious ignorance misleads its victims, till habit fixes irreclaimable possession and mastery.

The blackleg, with soul and body black even to forgery, has little conscience about the rights of property entrusted to the tender mercies of club laws.

What cares he about the means to insure the game?

His character cannot secure the esteem of his citizens, who generally believe that such, part either with reputation and character, or money, and too often with both.

Most of these men are conspicuous before the world, and hold out temptation in alluring forms to seduce mind, and enrich themselves. Can legislation be too just, with such injury? Much of their time is passed on steamers, as cavaliers of clubs, who disseminate property so easily acquired, and morals so hard to be reformed.

Those verdant in the wiles of the world, can hardly suspect in their unsophisticated views, the many resorts to time, place, or modes of this wily fraternity. But the prudent must look for the elephant in his climate, as well as beasts of prey in their lair.

The victims are abundant from the circle of respectable people, who too often involve their more respectable friends in loss of money, and even of reputable characters. When the fiend spirit is aroused, the sleeping evil is unsatisfied with domestic pleasures of wife, family, and friends, who are all resigned to a mortifying close. The dupe may have to submit to the most open frauds, too glaring for stupid ignorance to overlook, but all are to be permitted, unless the last one wishes to be instantly murdered.

If men now read this, previously unsuspecting, and yield, then they go into this iniquity with their eyes open, and their minds self-impeached, as improperly coveting the property of others.

What chance has a verdant youth with the longest purse, and even with that, to escape with safety, amid such people, who are ready for all the diversified and foul scenes of play? At the same time, what could he ordinarily expect from the laws that govern long purses, but that they would be speedily emptied for the benefit of the public?

Gambling involves paramount evils, arouses the worst passions of avarice and its concomitants.

A case is said to have occurred on board a steamer, wherein Poker, the game that decides success by the length of the purse, was introduced. A. party of gamblers united their purses to pluck a stranger, who was possessed of money, and incapable of prudently concealing it, as they thought.

These very deep men in cunning, the lowest of intelligence, that becomes antagonistic to the noblest principles of mind, and excites no sympathy for its defeat, finally raised thirty thousand dollars, and gave the forlorn one but few minutes to redeem his supposed best stake, but when, as bank agent, he introduced his valise, with hundreds of thousands in due time, the combination had their game blocked on them without rescue. "The conYet this was a scene that gave the winner a victory, ruinous to honesty. queror suffers" at cards, as well as at war. Honesty and honest peace, forever. Where would the successful party have been, had a heavier sum covered his? Lost and undone, ruined and disgraced, as millions before him in a suicide's grave, or in a felon's life.

If this course of life be not successfully resisted, in vain do its victims resist the most dishonest temptations.

The history of gambling when given by the reformed, is said to be appalling indeed. The following history has been attributed to Green, whether authentic or fiction, illustrates the severe teachings that it imparts.

A plain looking citizen, introduced himself on board of a western steamer as a master drover, but turned out to be the victor over a band of gamblers then on the alert for

such simple people. The game of cards was played, but deeper games were executed. The first character permitted himself to be decoyed, nothing loth by the knowing ones, who sought to operate on the simple countryman.

The stakes were high to five hundred dollars, which when deposited by the gamblers, the other party invariably swapped for his own thousand dollar bill each time.

Finally, the amount staked was enormous, and aroused the attention of the passengers

to the game.

The band of gamblers being numerous, deliberately wound up the game by the use of four aces on an ace trump, and took the money. The drover was indignant, but had no redress. The captain was appealed to by the crowd, to expel the gamblers practicing such audacious villany upon a simple countryman, but he forbore, to their renewed indignation. After their arrival at the next landing, and the two gambling parties left the boat, then the captain explained. The master drover was a counterfeiter and pocketed all the genuine cash, good money, while the sharper party had pocketed the worthless counterfeits, by playing five aces. The first history shows success of gambling by the longest purse; the last, by that of the shrewdest villany.

All proper observers must see, that either the purse or the reputation, one, and too often both, are the main stakes at this theatre of corruption and iniquity. Ere the victim is aroused to the fatal coils or fangs of the serpent, its fatal poison has entered his vitals.

What a drama, for a good citizen and an honest man! If enlightened mind cannot counteract the wreck, what can? Enlightened legislation with all her protection, can be successfully invoked along with suitable rational morals.

A gambler oftenest plays to lose money and character: gets into difficulties, fights of killing and murder, and lives an abandoned, wretched life.

We scarcely ever hear of a gambler's losses, but mostly of his winnings, until he himself is lost.

The avoidance of vices, presents an ample payment in a virtuous life. It is said that thirty-five millions of dollars are lost anually, in the gambling houses in London.

The gambler only asks you to play, but if you consent, you are then in his power. If he cheats you in his foul crowd, you may well hesitate to resent it then and there, in his crowd so foul, from which there is no escape with money and life.

Will you go into such position? You, alas, may resign yourself without discretion into many powers scarcely less insidious. Covetousness misleads the world. You should employ your valuable time rationally, not vulgarly, from which you may profit with virtuous intelligence, not vicious cunning. Betting perverted brings in the category of cards, drink, and much general dissipation. But the first false step, ere it be too late, parents, you who are the faithful guardians of your children, must anticipate by that discipline, that the household president originates, ere mind is identified in the grapple of conflicts, utterly incompetent at the tender age of childhood, of self-preservation, because it has never been fortified by the right forewarning, the best forearming, but has to decide for itself the best it can, for many vital contingencies, one of which too often overwhelms miserable verdant youth.

Is there anything in life of secret or open danger, from the first dawn of practical reason, that wise parents can rightly obviate and not do?

The very thing that has to be done, wisely or otherwise?

When a gambler wins, a victim loses.

Recently a swindler was caught stocking the cards, but the hand designed for himself was given another, consequently he was not only loser in money, but was disgraced by the exposure.

When the world adds to this, the conspiracy on the virtue of temperance, of the party to be fleeced, and the various vicious decoys to secure their prey, then we feel that victims are only guarded by innocent ignorance.

The serpent cannot be harmlessly fondled, while enjoying the power of poisonous fangs.

Gambling is one of its resorts, blackening the reputation

Avarice corrupts minds. Gambling

with terms of obloquy and reproach, and the end perdition.

Lucky numbers of lotteries seduce and bankrupt much of the world. With all the public bonus, are any states benefited with such detraction from their morals?

As to the gambler's platform, you never know where to find him, as it embraces a

long list of crimes, criminal associations.

The object of this attempt is not to let the world of such people injure us.

The best game, says the gambler, is to know when to stop.

The best, says the rational religionist, is never to know the beginning.

The best of

life is innocence and independence-never learn this too late. You should know what

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