'How do you do, Luie?' in Spanish. I had not given my name except to Hendriks; but he knew me at once. I recognized his voice immediately."

14.-Father Hyacinthe and M. Chavard, the newly-elected Old Catholic curés at Geneva, take the oaths before the Council of State. The ceremony was performed at the St. Germain Church, which had been placed at their disposal. There was some excitement in the neighbourhood, but no disturbance.

Publication at Berlin of the correspondence between the Pope and the Emperor of Germany.

15.-The Congregational Union at Ipswich discuss a letter from Lord Shaftesbury's Vigilance Committee, in which the aid of Congregationalists was requested in an endeavour to rouse the country to some common action in regard to the advance of Ritualism and the practice of the Confessional in the Church of England. A series of resolutions was proposed, expressing the grave concern with which the Union regarded the Romanizing efforts of some of the clergy and other members of the Church of England, but stating that it could not, consistently with its views of the rightful relation of the Legislature to the Church of Christ, unite with the Vigilance Committee in any political action which contemplated the strength ening of the discipline of the Church of England by means of new laws, or which assumed that the Church should continue as a national establishment; further, that the Union regarded the defection of so large a portion of the clergy as a natural result of the retention in the formularies of the Church of some of the cardinal errors of the Church of Rome.

The first Budget ever published in Egypt issued by authority of the Khedive. It gave details of the estimated revenue and expenditure for the twelve months from the 10th of September, 1873, to the 10th of September, 1874, and showed revenue equal to 10,166,000l., and expenditure equal to 9,046,000!., leaving a surplus of 1,120,000/.

The castle of Ardverikie, formerly the residence of the Duke of Abercorn, and in which her Majesty and the Prince Consort passed the autumn of 1847, almost totally destroyed by fire. Sir Edwin Landseer, when a guest at the castle, decorated three sides of the walls of the drawing-room with sketches, all the subjects being connected with the chase.

Earl Derby described the Ashantee war as a doctor's war and an engineer's war quite as much as a soldier's war. He doubted whether it was wise to take over the Dutch forts, "and I greatly doubt whether any man in or out of the Colonial Office exactly knows, or could define, the limits of our authority and of our responsibility in regard to tribes included within the protected territory. No doubt pledges must be kept, but the narrower the limits within which we contract our relations with those tribes the better, I believe, it will be. I have no great faith in that kind of moral influence which you acquire by burning a man's house over his head, and telling him he is to be your subject, whether he likes it or not. I believe, as a matter of fact, that trade is found to grow quite as fast, if not ather faster, in places where we do not exercise political power as in those where we do; and while I firmly believe in the value to the empire of colonies to which our own people can go out, and where they can work, think, to put the thing plainly, that we have got quite black men enough, and that we had better not go in for more.'

17.-Celebration of the 1200th anniversary of the foundation of Ely Cathedral, the city of Queen Etheldreda.

Commission gazetted for inquiring into grievances alleged to be suffered by officers in

the army.

The Emperor of Germany again visits the Emperor of Austria at Vienna.

Speaking at a Conservative banquet at Hertford, the Marquis of Salisbury criticized at some length the action of Mr. Gladstone's Ministry, which he said had this peculiarity, that it had been, in contrast to all English Ministries of many generations past-a Ministry of heroic measures. "Far be it from me" (the noble lord said) "to accuse them of heroism. They keep their heroism to the Home Office. They don't let it transgress the threshold of the Foreign Office. They offer to us a remarkable instance of Christian meekness and humility; but I am afraid it is that kind of Christian meekness which turns the left cheek to Russia and America, and demands the uttermost farthing of Ashantee. This, however, is to be said for their heroism, that outside these islands there is no doubt it has been heroism approaching to sternness towards every interest that happened to belong to the minority defeated at the poll. . . . There may be some doubt as to what the result of the next election upon the composition of Ministries may be. I confess I do not regard that question as one of the first importance. If it may be that we are to have a strong Government, I wish that it may be a Conservative Government; but if we are to have a weak Government, I wish that it may be a Liberal one. It may not be in your power to drive this Ministry from place-you may not be able to terminate its official life; but you will be able to draw its teeth and clip

its claws; and after all, though there are better things that we can imagine-after all, government by a toothless Liberal Ministry is not so bad a thing as many others, because it does this: it ensures that Parliament shall be too divided to give its attention to projects of revolutionary innovation, and it binds over the Liberal leaders in heavy security not to agitate."

17.-Died, aged 66, Vice-Admiral Sir Robert J. Le M'Clure, the dauntless explorer of the North-West passage.

18. The insurgent ship Fernando el Catolica accidentally run into and sunk by the Numancia, off Alicante, and the greater part of the crew drowned.

The Comte de Chambord reported to have made concessions of a nature to give satisfaction to all the exigencies of the Liberal party.

Died, Dr. Thomas Smethurst, tried in 1859 for the murder of Isabella Banks, and sentenced to death but afterwards reprieved (see p. 555.)

19.-Died, aged 68, the Rev. R. S. Candlish, D.D., a Free Church theologian of great prominence in the Disruption controversy, and since that time the trusted guide of its general policy. His mother was the Miss Sinith immortalized by Burns as one of the "six proper young belles" of Mauchline.

20. The first Scientific Congress held in modern Rome assembles in the Great Hall of the Horatii and the Curatii on the Capitol. Count Mamiani presided on the occasion, and delivered the opening address.

At Warrington, Mr. Butt declares that what the Home Rulers wanted was an Irish Parliament, which should have the right of legislating and regulating all matters relating to the internal affairs of Ireland, and have control over Irish resources and revenues, subject to the obligation of contributing their just proportion of Imperial taxes. By internal affairs they did not mean the management of railways or gasworks, but the higher life of the nation -their own system of education, passing their own university laws and grand jury laws.

The Italian Government takes possession of six convents at Rome.

21.-Marshal MacMahon declares that he will not separate himself from the Conservative party which placed him in power in France.

22.-News from Calcutta indicates a famine as threatening Bengal.

The Conservatives carry Hull, 6,873 votes being given to Colonel Pease, against 6,594 to E. J. Reed.

Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Oxford University Union.

Mr. Bright addresses his constituents on re-election, reviewing the chief measures passed by the present Government, and condemning

the Education Act on the ground that it extended and confirmed the system which it ought to have superseded. It really encouraged denominational education, and it established Boards only where that system did not exist, whereas it should have attempted to establish Boards everywhere, and to bring the denominational schools under their control. The denominational system, Mr. Bright said, in consequence of the parochial organization of the Church, must be said to be a Church system; hence the Nonconformists were aggrieved, and justly aggrieved. Speaking of policy, "What, asked Mr. Bright, is the policy of the Opposition? Why, we were told the other day that the leader of the Opposition was 'in a state of strict seclusion.' And but for that strange and unfortunate epistolary outburst we should have had no idea of the desperate state of mind in which he has been. But still, if we ask for the policy of the Opposition, all is dark, dark, impenetrably dark, and all that we know is, that nothing can be known. I beg pardon, though; I am wrong in that. We know that, according to the Opposition, all the work of the past five years, and if you like, of the past forty years, is evil; but as to the future, you will see it when it comes. Now, let me tell you this, that that great statesmanship which consists in silence and secrecy is not original, it is a mere copy of thirty or forty years ago. The history, Mr. Bright concluded, "of the last forty years of this country -judge it fairly speaks of its legislation, which is mainly a history of the conquests of freedom. It will be a grand volume that tells the story, and your name and mine, if I mistake not, will be found on some of its pages. For me the final chapter is now writing. It may be already written. But for you, this great constituency, there is a perpetual youth and a perpetual future. I pray Heaven that in the years to come, and when my voice is hushed, you may be granted strength and moderation and wisdom to influence the councils of your country by righteous means to none other than to noble and to righteous ends." Mr. Bright was said to have spoken with much of his old animation for one hour and ten minutes to an audience thought to have numbered over 15,000.

The monarchial scheming in France suddenly checked by a letter from the Comte de Chambord to M. Chesnelong, declining to make any concession on the subject of the flag. "For forty-three years," he wrote, "I have preserved intact the sacred deposit of our traditions and our liberties. I have, therefore, a right to reckon upon equal confidence, and I ought to inspire the same sense of security. My personality is nothing; my principle is everything. France will see the end of her trials when she is willing to understand this. I am a necessary pilot, the only one capable of guiding the ship to port, because I have for that a mission of authority. You, sir, are able to do much to remove misunderstandings and prevent weaknesses in the hour of struggle. Your consoling words on leaving Salzburg are France cannot ever present to my mind.

perish, for Christ still loves His Franks; and when God has resolved to save a people, He takes care that the sceptre of justice is only put into hands strong enough to hold it."

28. Died, through the effects of a cold caught in returning from Paris, in the 85th year of his age, Sir Henry Holland, appointed Physician in Ordinary to the Queen in 1852, a traveller of wide reputation and unwearied activity.

is aware of the spirit of devotion which animates you you know how to maintain in the army that union and discipline of which you have always set an example, and which, while constituting its strength, alone can assure the tranquillity and independence of the country. As soldiers, our duty is clearly laid down for us, and is indisputable. Under all circumstances we are to maintain order and cause legal decisions to be respected."

30.-Choral festival in St. Paul's Cathedral. Died, aged 52, M. Ernest Aimé Feydeau, French novelist.

November 1.-Died, aged 60, the Right Hon. Sir William Bovill, Lord Chief-Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.

2.-The Vienna Exhibition closes, having been visited since its opening in May by 7,254,687 people.

-Died, at Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, aged 78, Mrs. Janet Hamilton, the daughter of a shoemaker, without education, mother of a large family, and for many years totally blind, yet who, by patient effort in the way of self-culture, produced poems and stories of high merit.

Replying to a correspondent as to the use of the term "free land," Mr. Bright writes that it means "the abolition of the law of primogeniture and the limitation of the system of entails and settlements, so that 'life interes:s' may be for the most part got rid of, and a real ownership substituted for them. It means also that it shall be as easy to buy or sell land as to buy or sell a ship, or, at least, as easy as it is in Australia and in many or in all the states of the American Union. It means that no legal encouragement shall be given to great estates and great farms, and that the natural forces of accumulation and dispersion shall have free play, as they have with regard to ships and shares, and machinery, and stock-in-trade, and money. It means, too, that while the lawyer shall be well paid for his work, unnecessary work shall not be made for him, involving an enormous tax on all transactions in connection with the purchase and sale of lands and houses. A thorough reform in this matter would complete, with regard to land, the great work accomplished by the Anti-Corn Law League in 1846. It would give an endless renown to the Minister who made it, and would bless to an incalculable extent all classes connected with and dependent on honest industry."

3. The Pope writes to Ledochowski that he sees with sorrow the professors of the Church

designated as rebels; "its bishops are condemned by lay courts as agitators, persecuted with fines, deprived of their offices and expelled the country, the spiritual orders are prohibited, the clergy is gagged, and, by arbitrary measures, prevented from exercising its office; education of the youth in the spirit of the Church is forbidden, in order that, on the one hand, the population may not be confirmed in the principles of religion, and that, on the other, the hope may vanish of able and faithful servants of the altar being trained up. In order to undermine the glory of God, the property dedicated to God is robbed; even the chief helmsman of the Church is kept in bondage in order that, though utterly despoiled, he may not govern the Church with freedom, according to his powers."

3.-Died, Rios Rosas, ex-Minister and President of the Spanish Cortes.

Died, at Mecca, Abd-el-Kader, formerly Chief of Oran, Northern Africa, and a formidable foe to French rule in that country.

Seven British seamen drowned at Santander by the upsetting of a life-boat which they had manned to save the shipwrecked crew of the Spanish schooner Union.

4. Came on for hearing in the Court of Admiralty the case of the Murillo, two actions for 24,000l. by the owners of the Northfleet and the owners of the cargo, for the loss of both by the collision in January last. No one represented the owners of the Murillo. In giving judgment, Sir R. Phillimore said :—“ I grant the prayer of the motion, but I don't think I ought to content myself with that single part of my judicial duty. I find it difficult to express in adequate terms the indignation which the brutality and meanness of conduct of those who had the charge of the Murillo must excite in the bosom of every man not void of the ordinary feelings of humanity. This case, indeed, represents all the cruelty without any of the courage of the pirate."

Explosion in the premises of a firework maker, Broad Street, Lambeth, causing the death of eight people, being the whole of the occupants at the time the calamity occurred.

5.-The Democrats carry the New York and Virginia State elections with heavy gains over previous majorities, while in Massachusetts the Republicans were successful, but with a reduced majo.ity. The Republican candidates were successful in New Jersey, Arkansas, and Minnesota. Democratic candidates carried Maryland. In Wisconsin the Fusionist party were successful. Generally the returns up to this date showed heavy losses to the Republican party.

danger. It has neither sufficient vitality nor authority. Whoever the holder of power may be, that power can do nothing durable if its right to govern is daily called into question, if it has not before it the guarantee of a sufficiently long existence to spare the country the perspective of incessantly recurring agitation. With a power that might be changed at any moment, it is possible to secure peace to-day, but not safety for the morrow. Every great undertaking is thus rendered impossible, and industry languishes." A proposal for prolonging the President's power for ten years was thereupon carried by 360 to 348 votes.

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The strong feeling in the Dominion regarding the Pacific Railway contract, and the expenditure of the funds obtained under the Allan concession, leads to the resignation of the Prime Minister, Sir John Macdonald. Mr. Mackenzie undertook the task of forming a new Ministry.

6.-The Irish National Board of Education, by 9 votes to 7, finally refuse to recognize Mr. O'Keeffe as manager of the Callan schools.

7.-The Bank rate of discount raised from 8 to 9 per cent.

Fifty-three of the crew of the Virginius, including sixteen British subjects, shot at Santiago.

Earl Grey details in the Times a policy which he thinks ought to have been pursued by the British Government in Western Africa, and might, in his opinion, have avoided the Ashantee war.

8.-Monument to Count Cavour unveiled at Turin, in presence of King Victor Emmanuel, the Princes of the Royal Family, members of the Cabinet, deputations from the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, the members of the Diplomatic Body, the civil and military authorities at Turin, and deputations from the Municipal Councils. The weather was extremely unfavourable, and the illuminations had to be postponed. At the banquet given in the evening by the municipality to 500 guests, the British Minister, Sir Augustus Paget, assured the Italians of the sympathy of England with

Died, aged 76, John Gough Nichols, F.S. A., one of the founders of the Camden Society, the editor of many of its volumes, and a prolific contributor to genealogical and topographical literature.

14. In consequence of the excitement manifested throughout the States at the Virginius executions, Mr. Fish urges the American Minister at Madrid to protest against them as an outrage to humanity, and an insult to the American Government. The Spanish Government in reply admitted its responsibility, and reiterated assurances of its friendly feeling towards the United States. It disapproved the executions, and promised to shape its course accordingly. Sections of the New York press urged that a declaration of war should be issued at once, and possession taken of Cuba.

15. More changes announced in the Ministry, Sir John Coleridge accepting the Court of Common Pleas, Mr. James the post of Attorney-General, and Mr. Vernon Harcourt that of Solicitor-General. Dr. Lyon Playfair became Postmaster-General.

M. Laboulaye presents to the Assembly the report of the Committee of Fifteen proposing to prolong Marshal MacMahon's power for five years. The President rejected this proposal, and on the 19th the Assembly by 383 to 317 votes confirmed his power for seven years.

Opening of the Italian Parliament, the King declaring in his Speech from the Throne that Italy and Germany have both constituted

themselves in the name of the principle of nationality; "they have both been able to establish Liberal Constitutions based upon a monarchy associated for centuries with the national sorrows as well as the national glories. The relations between the two Governments are in conformity with the sympathies existing between the two peoples, and are a guarantee for the maintenance of peace. It is our desire to live in harmony with all nations. Nevertheless, I shall firmly guard the rights and dignity of the nation."

18. Home-Rule Conference in London, called to discuss and adopt a series of resolu tions. The first declared the prosperity of Ireland to be only possible under self-government; the second asserted a right to selfgovernment; the third claimed a Parliament in Ireland composed of the Sovereign, Lords, and Commons of Ireland; the fourth affirmed the principle of a federal arrangement for internal affairs, leaving to the Imperial Crown and Parliament legislation respecting the colonies and other dependencies of the Crown, the relations of the Empire with foreign Powers, and all matters appertaining to the defence and stability of the Empire at large, as well as the power of granting and providing the supplies necessary for Imperial purposes; the fifth declared that such a change effects no change in the Constitution or disturbance of the prerogatives of the Crown; the sixth stated that it would be necessary to have in Ireland an administration for Irish purposes, conducted by Ministers constitutionally responsible to the Irish Parliament.

The President of the Board of Trade addresses a circular to railway companies, calling attention to the opinion expressed in Colonel Tyler's report that the great proportion of accidents during the past year arose from causes entirely within their own control.

19. Sir John Coleridge sworn in as Lord Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas. To his constituents he wrote:-"I will not affect to deny that I quit political life reluctantly, and resign the seat for Exeter with great regret. It has been the pride and honour of my life to represent the capital of my county, and my political principles are as strong and my political sympathies as keen as ever, though henceforward I can allow them, as a judge, neither influence nor expression.'

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Mr. Disraeli installed as Lord Rector of Glasgow University, delivering thereafter to an immense audience assembled in the conservatory of the Botanic Gardens an address explanatory chiefly of principles to be observed by the students for attaining success in life. Self-knowledge, he said, was the first con. dition. Bitter disappointment and pers failure followed the revelation of the harsh reality which belied the golden promise of youth as to our own powers. Acquaintance with the spirit of the age was the second con.