The Archbishop of York preaches a sermon in connection with the 600th anniversary of the hospital at Greatham, near Stocktonon-Tees.

31 Mr. Speaker Brand, addressing his tenants on the estate of Glynde, proposes to give labourers a share in farming profits proportionate to the amount of capital they were able to invest. "If you have got 5.," he said, "in the savings bank, and you would like to lend it to my farming business, I will engage to give you, as the savings-bank does, 21 per cent. for the money; and I will do more than that. I will-supposing the profits of the farm exceed 2 per cent. for the money I have invested -give you precisely the same interest upon the capital you lend me. That is to say, supposing I get ro per cent. as profit on the capital I have invested, you shall have 10 per cent. on your 57. instead of 24. So, you see, you will be in this position-that you will never get less than the 2 per cent. you receive now, and if the farm yields more you will have the benefit of it. I am quite sure of this, that we shall never come to a satisfactory settlement of the relation between employer and employed until the latter, according to the amount of capital and labour he has invested, has an interest in the good conduct of the concern. My sole object is to give you a personal pecuniary interest in the conduct of the farm, and to endeavour to raise you a little above the position you now occupy as labourers."

September 2.-Consulted on the disputes between the Rugby masters, the AttorneyGeneral writes that "it seems to him equally strange and déplorable that a head master should gravely put forward such matters as had been submitted to justify the virtual dismissal and possible ruin of a gentleman of ability and education engaged with him in teaching. The evidence is of the vaguest sort. There is absolutely nothing to connect Mr. Scott with Mr. Kynnersley's expressions, except the inferences of Dr. Hayman and Mr. B. Mr. Scott, I understand denies that his letters were hostile

to Dr. Hayman; and it is in my judgment intolerable that a gentleman should be brought to book and threatened with dismissal because he has written to his relation as to what is going on at his school, and that relation has made strong comments on the head master. If this were permitted by the governing body to affect their minds, I cannot but observe that the position of an assistant-master at Rugby School, under such conditions, is not one which they can expect a gentleman with the feelings of a gentleman to undertake.”

2.-International Congress of workmen opened at the Hague.

3.--Fire in Canterbury Cathedral, originating, it was thought, in the carelessness of workmen engaged in repairing the lead roof of the fabric. Owing to the scarcity of water, about 150 feet of the roof was consumed before the flames could be got under. The shrine of Thomas à Becket, together with the interesting portion of the edifice known as Becket's Corner and the tomb of the Black Prince, were in imminent danger; telegrams, indeed, at one period giving little hope of saving any portion of the magnificent fabric.

Father Hyacinthe married at the Marylebone Registrar's office to Mrs. Merriman.

A company of Mormons, numbering five hundred and ninety, leave Liverpool in the Minnesota for New York on their way to Utah.

Heavy thunderstorm in the northern and western counties, with loss of several lives. At Liskeard the telegraph office was destroyed by lightning.

5.- Alice Blanche Oswald, an American governess, aged twenty years, commits suicide by throwing herself off Waterloo Bridge into the Thames. She rose more than once screaming frantically, and seemed to be swimming, but sank twice before the Thames police-boat could reach her. She was well dressed. In: her pocket was found a purse containing a halfpenny, a duplicate for a shawl pledged for 25., a wedding ring, a small box key, a dress ring with white stones, a pair of gilt earrings, small brooch, and a locket containing the miniature of a gentleman; also several papers, and addresses of the American Minister, Consul, and others. At the inquest a letter written by deceased was read explaining the motives compelling her to self-destruction:- "Alone in London, not a penny or a friend to advise or lend a helping hand, tired and weary with looking for something to do, failing in every way, footsore and heart-weary, I prefer death to the dawning of another wretched morning. I have only been in Britain nine weeks. Oh, God of heaven, have mercy on a poor helpless sinner; Thou knowest how I have striven against this, but fate is against me. I cannot tread the path of sin,

for my dead mother will be watching me. Fatherless, motherless, home I have none. Oh for the rarity of Christian hearts. I am now mad; for days I have foreseen that this would be the end. May all who hear of my death forgive me, and may God Almighty do so, before whose bar I must soon appear. Farewell to all, to this beautiful, and yet wretched world.- Alice Blanche Oswald. I am twenty years of age the 14th of this month." The jury returned a verdict of "Suicide while in a state of temporary insanity."

5.-Foundation-stone laid of new harbour works at St. Helier's, Jersey.

6.-The Queen arrives at Dunrobin on a visit to the Duke of Sutherland; and during her stay lays the foundation-stone of a monument in honour of the late Duchess.

Commencement of the Autumn Military Manoeuvres at Wimborne and Blandford Downs, under the command of Generals Sir John Michel and Sir Robert Walpole.

8.- Died, aged 80, Rev. Dr. Bisset,. minister of Bourtie, formerly Moderator of the General Assembly, and in early life teacher at Udny Grammar School, where he had for pupils lads so well known afterwards as Sir James Outram, Dr. Joseph Robertson, and Dr. Hill Burton.

Dr. Newman now writes to the Times :"Craft and cruelty, and whatever is base and wicked, have a sure Nemesis, and eventually strike the heads of those who are guilty of them. Whether in matter of fact Pope Gregory XIII. had a share in the guilt of the St. Bartholomew Massacre must be proved to me before I believe it. It is commonly said in his defence that he had an untrue, one-sided account of the matter presented to him, and acted on misinformation. This involves a question of fact, which historians must decide. But, even if they decide against the Pope, his Infallibility is in no respect compromised. Infallibility is not Impeccability. Even Caiaphas prophesied, and Gregory XIII. was not quite a Caiaphas."

13.-Replying to a criticism by Mr. Capes, Dr. Newman writes :-" He assumes that I did not hold or profess the doctrine of the Pope's Infallibility till the time of the Vatican Council, whereas I have committed myself to it in print again and again, from 1845 to 1867. And, on the other hand, as it so happens-though I hold it as I ever have done I have had no occasion to profess it, whether in print or otherwise, since that date. Anyone who knows my writings will recollect that in so saying I state the simple fact. The surprise and distress I felt at the definition was no personal matter, but was founded on serious reasons of which I feel the force still." In another letter to the Guardian Dr. Newman writes: "It is true I was deeply, though not personally, pained both by the fact and by the circumstances of the definition; and, when it was in contemplation, I wrote a most confidential letter, which was surreptitiously gained and published, but of which I have not a word to retract. The feel

11. Social Science Congress opened at Plymouth by the President for the year, Lord Napier and Ettrick.

12.-Replying to an address from English Protestants expressive of sympathy in his strug gle with the Ultramontanes, Prince Bismarck writes"I am glad that I agree with you in the principle that, in a well-regulated community, every person, to whatever profession of faith he may belong, should enjoy that amount of freedom which is compatible with the liberty and security of others and the independence of the country. In the battle for this principle God will protect the German Empire from opponents who take His name as a mask for their enmity against our peace at home."

letter have nothing to do with a screwing one's conscience to profess what one does not believe, which is Mr. Capes's pleasant account of me. He ought to know better."

Two sisters, Alice and Jane M'Culloch, drowned off Cumbrae in the Firth of Clyde, by the upsetting of a pleasure-boat in a squall.

Paris papers contain the text of a judgment delivered in the Brest scandal case, concerning the Jesuit Father Dufour and the Viscomtesse de Vielmont, The judgment pointed out that the case for the prosecution rested entirely on the evidence of the guard of the train, and that his statements were inconsistent with each other, and, in some particulars specified, not conceivably true. The accused were therefore entirely acquitted of the charge of indecency. At the same time, the judgment observed that the defendants had admitted familiarities which were very reprehensible.”

66

14. Frederick Clappison, late secretary of the London and County Bank, examined at the Mansion House on a charge of forging transfer shares, and committed for trial. On the 25th he was sentenced to five years' penal servitude.

14.-The Geneva Court of Arbitration issue an award unanimously finding Great Britain liable for the acts committed by the Alabama ; by a majority of the Italian, Swiss, Brazilian, and United States arbitrators against the arbitrator appointed by Great Britain, they find Great Britain liable for the acts committed by the Florida; and by a majority of the Italian, Swiss, and United States arbitrators against the arbitrators appointed by Great Britain and Brazil, they find Great Britain liable for the acts committed by the Shenandoah after leaving Melbourne. They unanimously decided that, in the cases in which Great Britain was held responsible, the acts of the tenders should be considered to follow the judgment given in regard to the cruisers to which they were attached. They decided that Great Britain was not responsible for the acts committed by the Georgia, or by any of the other Confede⚫ rate cruisers except the three above named. They rejected altogether the claim of the United States Government for expenditure incurred in pursuit and capture of the cruisers. They decided that interest should be allowed, and have awarded a gross sum of 15,500,000 dollars in gold (about 3,229, 1667. 13s. 4d.) in satisfaction and final settlement of all claims, including interest. The amount of the claims preferred before the Tribunal, as appears from the Revised Statement of Claims presented on the part of the United States in April last, was 19,739,095 dollars in gold, to which was added a claim for expenses of pursuit and capture to the amount of 7,080,478 dollars, with interest at 7 per cent. on the whole amount for about ten years, or, in all, 45, 500,000 dollars in gold (or about 9,479,1667. 13s. 4d.) This award was signed by all the arbitrators except Sir A. Cockburn.

Disturbance at Oxford in connection with the carrying out of the early closing clauses of the Licensing Act.

M. Edmond About arrested by Germans at his private residence, Saverne, the alleged offence being seditious speaking and writing. He was liberated in a few days.

15.-In opening the Cortes, King Victor Amadeus described the Carlist insurrection as alinost at an end, and promised to despatch to Cuba all the military strength necessary to suppress the insurrection; "and when tha: end is attained bills would be introduced, specially intended for that dependency, relative to finances, justice, commerce, the army, and public instruction."

17.—Died, aged 81, Joseph Johnson, fifty years since an active associate of Hunt, Cobbett, and Bamford, and who had undergone two years' imprisonment as one of the leaders at Peterloo.

18.-Died at Malmö, aged 46, Charles XV. King of Sweden and Norway. Prince Regent Oscar was proclaimed as Oscar II.

19.-Rout.dhay Park, Leeds, opened by Prince Arthur. Next day he laid the founda. tion stone of the New Exchange.

M. Thiers sets out for Paris from Trouville, where he had been honoured by the presence of French and English war ships.

20. Captain Burton, formerly of Damascus, gazetted to be her Majesty's Consul at Trieste. Old Catholic Congress at Cologne opened. One motion submitted expressed a desire that the Governments of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland will:-1, Regard the Catholics adhering to the Old Catholic Church, and who reject the Vatican decrees as innova. tions, as members of the Church recognized by the State, and protect them as such; 2, Deem the bishops recognizing the Vatican innovations and their organs as having no right of jurisdiction over the Old Catholics, who, moreover, are declared in the Vatican decrees not to be. long to the New Catholic sect.

22.-Liberal gathering at Antwerp known as the "Banquet des Gueux," or Beggars' League, a name assumed in honour of an ancient confederation of noblemen, who in the middle of the sixteenth century received this contemptuous designation from Margaret of Parma. They vowed that they would make the name respected, and the "Beggars soon afterwards revolted and drove the Spaniards from the Netherlands.

Preparations for a banquet to M. Gambetta at Chambery suddenly stopped.

23. -Died, aged 66, her Serene Highness the Princess Hohenlohe-Langenburg, daughter of the Duchess of Kent, (by her first marriage with Emich Charles, reigning Prince of Leiningen), and half-sister of Queen Victoria, Partial strike of London bakers.

66

-

24. A supplement to the Gazette sets forth the judgment and award of the Geneva Tribunal of Arbitration, the reasons of Lord Chief Jus tice Cockburn for dissenting from it, and the opinions" presented during the progress of the case by Count Sclopis, the Viscount Itajuba, M. Staempfli, and Mr. Adams. Sir Alexander Cockburn's judgment was of a most elaborate character, and filled 250 pages. Writing of the alleged unfriendly feeling said to have been shown by Great Britain to the United States, Sir Alexander explained that a strong impres sion could not fail to be produced on the public mind by the energy, determination, and courage displayed by the South, and the generous ardour with which its population risked life and fortune

in the dosperate struggle for national independence, so resolutely maintained to the last against infinitely superior force. "Whatever the cause

:

in which they are exhibited, devotion and courage will ever command respect; and they did so in this instance. Men could not see in the united people of these vast provinces, thus risking all in the cause of nationality and independence, the common case of rebels, disturbing peace and order on account of imaginary grievances, or actuated by the desire of overthrowing a Government in order to rise upon its ruins. They gave credit to the statesmen and warriors of the South-their cause might be right or wrong--for the higher motives which ennoble political action; and all the opprobrious terms which might be heaped upon the cause in which he fell, could not persuade the world that the earth beneath which Stonewall Jackson rests does not cover the remains of a patriot and a hero." Again, defending Earl Russell :"When the history of Great Britain during the nineteenth century shall be written, not only will there be none among the statesmen who have adorned it whose name will be associated with greater works in the onward path of polit'cal progress than that of Earl Russell, but there will be none to whom, personally, an admiring posterity will look back with greater veneration and respect. That this distinguished man should feel deeply aggrieved by the unworthy attack thus made on the Government of which he was a leading member, and on himself personally, it is easy to understand; but there are attacks which recoil upon those who make them; and of this nature are aspersions on the honesty and sincerity of Earl Russell." Sir Alexander concurred with his colleagues as to the Alabama, though not for the same reasons, but protested against the allowance of interest and the amount of it. He concluded by expressing an earnest hope that the decision will be accepted by the British people "with the submission and respect which is due to the decision of a tribunal by whose award it has freely consented to abide."

26.-Acknowledging the gift of the freedom of the city of Glasgow, Mr. Lowe censures Sir Alexander Cockburn for publishing his "reasons" for differing with the other arbitrators. "I very much regret," he said, "that my learned friend the Lord Chief Justice did not take the course of simply signing the award with the other arbitrators, it being perfectly well known that he differed from them in certain respects which would appear by the transaction or the award. When the thing is decided, and when we are bound to act upon it, and when we are not really justified in any feeling, I think, of honour or good faith, in making any reclamation or quarrel at all with what has been done in such circumstances, I think it is a great pity that he should have have thought it his duty to stir up and renew the strong arguments and contes's, on which the arbitrators had decided. At any rate, I think

if it was his opinion that we ought to acquiesce quietly and without murmur in the award, he had better not have published his arguments. If he had thought it right to publish his arguments he had better have retrenched his advice."

26. M. Gambetta delivers a speech at Grenoble, in which he demands the dissolution of the Assembly, and expresses his distrust of "Republicans of the eleventh hour." Let us, he said, have no renegades in our ranks, and nothing to do with chiefs who now come over to us.

October 1.

Disestablishment Conference at Birmingham, called to induce Liberal leaders to adopt a new creed demanding immediate action against the National Churches of England and Scotland. Mr. Miall argued that Nonconformists should move every stone in order that the principle may be thoroughly well represented in the next Parliament, but he did not think that in every place, and especially in county constituencies, they should lay it down as a general rule that if they could not have a man purely avowing the principle of disestablishment, they should let the next general election go in favour of the Conservative party. They must not separate themselves altogether from the Liberal party on this question until they were prepared to do far more than they could do now.

Eleven persons killed and many injured by the Scotch express from London running into a mineral train while some waggons were being shunted at the Kirtlebridge station of the Caledonian Railway. The first passenger carriage was not much injured, but the next three were broken up, and most of the killed found among the fragments. The stationmaster Currie was arrested pending an inquiry as to the position and working of the signals, and afterwards committed for trial on the double charge of culpable homicide and wilful violation of duty. An official report described four

causes as contributing to the accident: the forgetfulness of the stationmaster; the want of interlocked points and signals, worked from a properly placed cabin; the absence not only of a telegraphic block system, but even of any telegraphic warning of the approach of the delayed train; and the unpunctuality of the passenger train. Captain Tyler said there was no blame to be attributed to the railway servants with the passenger train. The whole onus of the accident rested with the stationmaster, who was represented to be a very careful and hard-worked man; but if the particular points, the moving of which was the cause of the accident, had been interlocked with signals, it would have been impossible for the stationmister or anyone else to cause the accident. This, and neither the block system nor notice by telegraph, was, Captain Tyler asserted, the precaution which was really required to prevent the accident. During the year 1871, out of 159 accidents, 53 were caused by the want of locking or other defective signal arrangements, and during the year 1870, out of 122 accidents, 60 were caused by the same means.

2.-Mr. Justice Willes commits suicide by shooting himself in his bedroom, at Otterspool, near Watford, where he was spending the vacation. On the afternoon of the Ist, his clerk noticed the Judge looking miserable and depressed, and complaining of want of sleep. This morning about two o'clock he heard a fall and a scream in the direction of the Judge's room, and on entering found him lying wounded on the floor slightly conscious. He survived only a few minutes. Other evidence given at the coroner's inquest showed that the deceased had long been suffering from ailments demanding rest and relaxation. Mr. Justice Willes was born in 1814, called to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1840, when he went the Home Circuit; in 1850 he was appointed a member of the Common Law Commission, and raised to the bench as puisne judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1855.

Mr. Butt addresses his constituents at Limerick on Home Rule, pressing it as the duty of the Irish people to present to England the offer of a federal union under which they should have the full right of managing all Irish affairs, while they were willing to join with England on equal terms in the management of Imperial affairs. As to how he expected to obtain Home Rule, Mr. Butt said the next general election would, if Irishmen were true, give them from seventy to eighty members pledged to Home Rule. He thought in his conscience that if they returned eighty members pledged to Home Rule, the cause was won. He believed, he said, the great majority of the Irish people would be perfectly satisfied with a form of government that would give them the perfect and free management of their own affairs; and that if the people of Ireland demanded separation, it was because they thought that was the only way of gaining independence.

Died at Walmer, aged 86, Field-Marshal Sir George Pollock, G. C.B., Constable of the Tower, and engaged in important services in Nepaul in 1817, and Afghanistan in 1842-3, when he forced the Khyber Pass, and relieved the garrison at Jellalabad. He routed the Afghans, released the prisoners, and carried the English flag in triumph to Cabul. (See p. 119.) For these services Sir George received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, and was made first a member of the Supreme Council of India, and then a Crown member of the Court of Directors. Sir George was buried with honour in Westminster Abbey on the 16th.

6. Religious ceremony at Lourdes, in honour of the appearance of the Virgin, attended by 40,000 "pilgrims" from all parts of France.

7.-Explosion in the Deep Pit_of_Marley Colliery, near Dewsbury, causing the death of thirty-four workmen out of forty-five employed in the seam where the accident occurred. The origin of the calamity was ascribed to the incautious use of matches by several of the miners to light their pipes.

8. - The State elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Nebraska carried by Republicans.

11.—Republican rising at Ferrol, in Spain. Died, aged 66, his Excellency Baron de Beaulieu, Belgian Minister at the Court of St. James's.

Bonds and coupons to the amount of 40,000l. stolen from the house of John Allan, Derby Terrace, Glasgow, during the absence of the family. The theft was afterwards traced to a man named Fraser, and the bonds recovered in a quarry on the Gareloch.

12. On the subject of Home Rule for Ireland Earl Russell writes :-"I fear, if an Irish Parliament is set up in Ireland, all her energies will be wasted in political contention. I therefore wish to divert the forces which might give heat and comfort instead of concentrating them in a manner to produce a conflagration. This is the more necessary, as the Irish nature is so very inflammable that it