ter he was present at most of the actions fought in Holland and the Netherlands. Having been appointed deputy adjutant-general, he remained with the army during the whole of the retreat, and, in 1796, arrived in England. He continued on the home staff till he was appointed aide-de-camp to Sir William Pitt; and, on the 26th of July, 1797, he was gazetted as major of the York rangers, from which he was promoted, by purchase, to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Hompesch mounted riflemen, with which he served in Ireland with great credit during the whole of the rebellion. He returned to England in 1800; and, on the 30th of May, was appointed lieutenantcolonel of the York hussars, the officers of which, when it was disbanded at the peace of Amiens, presented him with a sword of great value. He then passed some time at the military college at High Wycomb; but, on the renewal of war, he was, on the 30th of December, 1803, gazetted lieutenantcolonel of the second dragoon guards, with which he went, in the following year, to Ireland. In August, 1805, he accepted the command of the light dragoon guards; and, on the 17th of December, of the same year, he assumed the lieutenant-colonelcy of the fifteenth dragoons, on the recommendation of their colonel, the Duke of Cumberland, who returned his thanks to Long for the excellent state of discipline into which the regiment was brought under his directions. On the 25th of April, 1808, he was gazetted colonel; and, on the 30th of October following, embarked for Spain, to serve under Sir John Moore, as colonel of the staff of the army. In consequence of the rapid retreat of the British troops, he never joined them on their march, but, after traversing a great tract of country, he reimbarked at Vigo, whence he proceeded to Corunna, where he arrived on the evening preceding the battle. He had no command, but volunteered his services, and was present throughout the whole of the engagement. Having landed afterwards at Portsmouth, he was appointed, in 1809, adjutant-general to the forces, under the command of the Earl of Chatham, engaged in the expedition to Walcheren. After the capture of Flush

ing, he returned with the army to England; and, in the following year, having joined the army under Lord Wellington, at Coimbra, was appointed to command the cavalry in the south, under the orders of Marshal Beresford. He directed the cavalry movements in the action at Campo Major; was engaged at Los Santos; and was second in command of the cavalry in the battle of Albufera, for his exertions on which occasion he afterwards received the thanks of parliament. He was subsequently engaged in the actions at Usagre, Ribera, Arroyo del Molino, and Almarez; and, on the 4th of June, 1811, was gazetted major-general. He proceeded with the army to Madrid, to join Lord Wellington, with whom he was present at the battles of Vittoria, the Pyrenees, and at Pampeluna. He was publicly thanked by Sir Rowland (now Lord) Hill, for his active exertions in rescuing four hundred wounded British soldiers in the Pyrenees from the hands of the enemy; and was recalled soon after, in order to make room for the promised appointment of a junior officer. On his return to England, he was offered, but declined, a command in Scotland. He was gazetted lieutenant-general on the 19th of July, 1821, and died at his residence, in Berkley Square, London, on the 2nd of March, 1825. Lieutenant-general Long added to the virtues of a brave military commander that scrupulous sense of justice, which induced him to decline advancement, when it tended to elevate him above the heads of older officers, whom his own modest pretensions taught him to regard as his superiors. With this generosity and disinterestedness of disposition he united the highest principles of honour and independence, which induced all who were acquainted with him to esteem and venerate his character.

COLE, (Hon. Sir GALBRAITH LOWRY,) next brother to the Earl of Enniskillen, was born on the 1st of May, 1772. He entered the army at an early age; distinguished himself on a variety of occasions; and, in 1801, was raised to the rank of colonel. He was second in command at the battle of Maida, and commanded a division at the battles of Albufera,

Salamanca, Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Neville, Orthes, and Toulouse. For these services, he obtained a cross and four clasps, and received (21st May, 1815) the thanks of parliament. He was also made a knight grand cross of the order of the Bath, and knight of the Tower and Sword. In 1808, he became major-general; in 1811, he received the local rank (in Spain and Portugal) of lieutenant-general; and, two years afterwards, was made lieutenant-general in the army. In 1818, he was appointed governor of Gravesend and Tilbury Fort; governor-general of the Mauritius, in 1822; and colonel of the twenty-seventh regiment in 1826; four years after which, he was advanced to the rank of full general. In 1806, Sir Lowry Cole was returned to parliament for Fermanagh, in Ireland, and severely reprehended the then administration for its conduct towards that country. He retained his seat until he went to the Mauritius. In June, 1815, he married the youngest daughter of the Earl of Malmesbury, and has several children.

STEWART, (the Hon. SirWILLIAM,) fourth son of the Earl of Galloway, entered the army at a very early age; and, whilst serving in the West Indies, was appointed lieutenant-colonel in 1795, and assistant adjutant-general to Lord Moira's army. He was sent to St. Domingo, in 1796; appointed commandant at St. Nicholas, in 1797; and visited the continent in 1799, where he served under the Archduke Charles, Marshal Suwarrow, and General Korsacow, in Suabia, Switzerland, and Italy. He formed a rifle corps in 1800, and served in the expedition to the Ferrol; he was wounded in the attack on Copenhagen, and received, subsequently, the thanks of parliament, and the rank of colonel. Between 1802 and 1809, he was employed in the home service, in Sicily and Egypt. In 1808, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and, the next year, was at the head of the light brigade at Walcheren. From 1810 to 1814, he served, almost without interrup tion, in the peninsula, where he commanded the second division of the allied army, and obtained a cross and two clasps for his services. In 1813, he was made lieutenant-general; he several times

received the thanks of parliament; and was honoured with the grand cross of the Bath, and the order of the Tower and Sword. He died on the 7th of January, 1827, at Culloden.

ROSS, (ROBERT,) was born at Ross Trenor, in the year 1774; and having been educated at Trinity College, Dublin, entered the army, and served as major of the twenty-eighth, in Holland, where he distinguished himself in repelling the attack made by the French on the lines of Sir Ralph Abercromby, who thanked him for his gallantry. Having recovered from a wound he received on the occasion, he proceeded to the Mediterranean, as lieutenant-colonel of the twentieth, and won the battle of Maida, by arriving just in time to throw his regiment on the enemy's flank, and force them to retreat, immediately after they had began to attack the left line of the British. He was present in the Portuguese campaign, up to the retreat of Corunna; and his conduct at Vittoria induced the Duke of Wellington to appoint him to the head of a brigade which he commanded at the battle of the Pyrenees, where two horses were killed under him. He was now raised to the rank of major-general; and, at the battle of Orthes, he received a severe wound, from which he had scarcely recovered, when he was sent, at the head of five thousand men, against North America. He took the town of Washington without difficulty; and was moving, on the 12th of September, 1814, towards Baltimore, when a conflict took place, in which he was killed by a shot from a rifle. The insignia of the order of the Bath was transmitted to his widow, by desire of the Prince Regent. The twentieth regiment erected, in the church of Ross Trenor, a monument to his memory; and another was raised, at the public expense, in St. Paul's Cathedral. Major general Ross was enthusiastically devoted to his profession; and it was said by Colonel Brook, his successor in command, that his only fault, if it might be deemed so, was an excess of gallantry and enterprise.

CAVENDISH (WILLIAM HENRY, Lord Bentinck), the second son of the late Duke of Portland, was born on the 14th of September, 1774, and having

entered the army, became a captain in the Scotch Greys; with which he served in Flanders, under the late Duke of York, to whom he was appointed aidede-camp. In 1795, he attained the rank of colonel, and was made aide-decamp to George the Third; and, in 1799, he joined Suwarroff's army, in Italy, where he continued in active service until 1801. In 1803, he went out to India, as governor of Madras; was made a major-general in 1805; and, in 1808, was despatched on a mission to the Spanish court, relative to the invasion of that country by France. He then joined Sir John Moore, at Corunna, where he commanded a brigade with great skill and valour. His next appointment of importance, was as commander-in-chief of the forces in Sicily; and for his judicious conduct in the negociations with that court, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenantgeneral. He has since been appointed colonel of the eleventh dragoons, and a full general, besides having received the distinctions of K. B., G. C. B., and G. C. H. He married, on the 19th of February, 1803, Mary Acheson, daughter of Arthur Earl of Gosford, by whom he has issue.

STAUNTON, (FRANCIS,) was born in Cheshire, about 1779; and having entered the army, became a lieutenant in the grenadier battalion of Bombay, with which he served in India and Egypt, until compelled, by ill health, to return to England. On his recovery, he went out again to India, with the rank of captain; and soon afterwards distinguished himself at the battle of Corygaun, where, with about nine hundred men, he defeated thirty thousand of the enemy; an achievement which was spoken of by Sir T. Hislop, as "one of the most splendid and heroic actions ever fought." For this service, he was appointed honorary aide-de-camp to the Marquess of Hastings; and, in 1819, was raised to the rank of major. His conduct was also highly praised, in the house of commons, by Mr. Canning, who lamented that "the rank of so brave an officer did not entitle him to be recorded in the notes of the house." Major Staunton also received the medals of Egypt and Seringapatam; and it is to be regretted that so heroic a soldier

VOL. II.

should have received the poor reward of a majority, whilst that of a fieldmarshal has been bestowed on some whose services, compared with those of the subject of this memoir, are worthless and insignificant.

CAMPBELL, (Sir NIEL,) commenced his career, in 1797, as ensign in the sixth West India regiment, with which he served until 1801, when he obtained a company in the ninety-fifth rifles. He next became assistant quarter-master-general in the southern district; and, in 1805, procured a majority in the forty-third foot, which he accompanied to Jamaica. In 1808, he was appointed deputy-adjutant-general to the forces in the windward and leeward islands, with the brevet of lieutenantcolonel; and assisted at the capture of Martinico, the Saintes, and Guadaloupe. In 1811 and 1812, he bore an active part as colonel of the sixteenth regiment of Portuguese infantry, in the blockade of Almeida, the sieges of Cuidad Rodri go, Badajoz, and Burgos, and the battle of Salamanca. In 1813, he proceeded, through Sweden, to the head-quarters of the Emperor of Russia, in Poland, where, with Sir Robert Wilson, and Colonel Lowe, he was employed to report to the British government, the operations of the allies, with whom he remained, until their entry into Paris, previously to which event he was severely wounded by a cossack, who mistook him for an enemy. In April, 1814, he was appointed commissioner, on the part of England, to accompany Napoleon to Elba, where he remained, but in no definite capacity, until the ex-emperor's return to France. While in this ambiguous employment, which was something between that of gaoler and a spy, he found Buonaparte so difficult of access, that he had recourse to the expedient of frequently making short voyages, which afforded him opportunities of seeing him, on the pretext of paying his respects, as well on his departure, as on his return from each. "At length, while," says Napoleon, in the Manuscrit de St. Helène," the English officer was amusing himself at Leghorn, I set sail with a favourable wind." Campbell, however, incurred no blame on account of the exile's escape. He served, with the brevet

rank of colonel, throughout the campaign of 1815; during which he headed one of the columns at the assault on Cambray. In 1825, he became a major-general; and, about a year after, was appointed to the governorship of Sierra Leone, where he died in 1827. He had previously been knighted, made a companion of the Bath, and received the insignia of the orders of St. Anne, St. George, and St. Wlademir, from the Emperor of Russia.

BLANTYRE, (Lord,) was born at Edinburgh, on the 10th of June, 1775; and, on the 5th of November, 1783, succeeded to the family estates and title as eleventh Lord Blantyre. Having completed his education at Cambridge, he entered the army, at the age of nineteen; and, soon after, repeatedly sold out of one regiment into another, at a great expense of rank and money, in order to gratify his desire of being on active service. He served in the unsuccessful expedition to Holland, having previously been aide-de-camp to General Fraser, in Portugal; and was, subsequently, chosen to act in the same capacity under General Sir Charles Stuart, whom he accompanied to Egypt. After the troops were withdrawn, he went, on a special mission, to Constantinople; and, in 1807, accompanied the expedition to the Baltic. In 1809, at the head of the second battalion of

the forty-second regiment, he joined Lord Wellington's army in Spain, with which he continued for three years; during which he was occasionally at the head of the brigade, and was present at the battles of Busaco and Fuentes d'Enore. Having, on the latter occasion, driven back a regiment of the enemy's cavalry, which had broken in on the British infantry, he was honourably mentioned in the commanderin-chief's despatches. He served at Badajoz, and on other occasions, till his regiment was so reduced that it was ordered home to recruit its numbers; a public order of thanks being issued by the commander-in-chief on its leaving the peninsula. He now retired to his estate in Scotland; and on the 26th of February, 1813, married Frances, the grand-daughter of the late Admiral Lord Rodney. Being opposed

to the political opinions of the then administration, he continued to live secluded till 1819, when, at the earnest solicitation of Lord Liverpool, he assumed the office of lord-lieutenant of Renfrewshire, with an understanding that it should not compromise his political independence as a representative peer of Scotland. In this new capacity, his firm, though mild and conciliating conduct, tended greatly to preserve the tranquillity of the country. He was, about this time, made major-general in the army, and a C. B.; and, in 1822, was presented, with his two brothers, in the presence of his aged mother, to George the Fourth, on the occasion of the king's visit to Scotland. During the latter part of his life, Lord Blantyre resided chiefly on the continent; and, early in 1830, his lady, by whom he had already several children, bore him twins at Brussels. He soon after visited Scotland, chiefly for the purpose of accelerating the finishing of a mansion in progress of erection, on his estate at Erskine, on the Clyde. Hearing that disturbances had broken out in Belgium, he returned to the protection of his family in Brussels; and happening, out of curiosity, to look from a window in the Rue Royale, from which he had, a few minutes before, warned away a maid-servant, he was killed by a musket-ball, fired by one of the Dutch troops, who were passing at the moment. Lord Blantyre was endeared to his family by his domestic virtues, and to all who knew him by the excellence of his general character. His warm-heartedness was apparent in his regard to the wishes and happiness of those about him, and his manner was remarkable for its elegance. As a soldier, he was brave and prudent, though decisive; as a politician, he was liberal, inclining to the opposition of the day, of which, however, he never was a bigoted partizan.

LOWE, (Sir HUDSON,) was employed as a military officer in a foreign corps, acting chiefly in the Mediterranean, and receiving pay from England. He held, in 1801, the office of surgeonmajor, to the garrison of Gibraltar, which he resigned on the 26th of September; but continued in the same quarter as assistant-inspector of hospi

tals. In 1803, he was appointed assistant quarter-master-general, which post he resigned in the same year, on being appointed to the command of a corps. In 1806, he was made governor of the island of Capri, and after retaining possession of it for more than two years, was obliged to surrender the place to the French. In 1809, he served under Lieutenant-general Sir John Stuart, and Brigadier-general Oswald; and was with those generals at the taking of St. Maura, on which occasion his conduct was favourably spoken of in the public despatches. In 1813, he was intrusted with the £200,000 granted by parliament towards the relief of the Russians; and early in the succeeding year, was attached to the army of Silesia, under Marshal Blucher, whom he accompanied in his subsequent campaigns, during which he attracted the favourable notice of the allied sovereigns. In June, 1815, he was knighted, and promoted to the rank of major-general in the army; and, shortly afterwards, went out on foreign service, in conjunction with Lord Exmouth, whom he assisted in the taking of Toulon, in the following August. In two months afterwards, he was invested with the local rank of lieutenant-general on the continent; on the 23d of January, 1816, he was made a knight commander of the Bath; and, immediately set sail for St. Helena, of which island he had been appointed governor, on the determination of government to send thither the Emperor Napoleon. His first interview with the illustrious exile, produced any thing but a good feeling between himself and the emperor, whose dislike to Sir Hudson was increased by the restraint put upon his wishes and movements. In the course of their disputes, it is asserted, that Buonaparte called Sir Hudson Lowe a thieftaker, a scrivener to Blucher, and a commandant of brigands; and declared that no government could be so mean as to give the orders he caused to be executed. On the other hand, General Lowe is reported to have said, that he considered Ali Pacha a much more respectable scoundrel than Buonaparte; and to have told Mr. O'Meara, Napoleon's surgeon, that Napoleon was a great liar; which, he added, he might repeat to the ex-emperor, if he thought fit. The result of this misunderstand

ing was a formal complaint against Sir Hudson, made by the ex-emperor, in 1817, to parliament, when Lord Holland spoke in behalf of the latter, and Lord Bathurst, defended the former. Sir Hudson had also several disputes with the surgeon of Napoleon, Mr. O'Meara, and Mr. John Stokes; one of whom was dismissed the service for an unfounded calumny, and the other was sent away from St. Helena. On the death of Buonaparte, in 1821, Sir Hudson resigned his office; and on arriving in England, in 1822, was publicly assaulted by the son of Count Las Casas, in revenge for some affront offered to the Count, in the interdiction of a letter he had been about to send from St. Helena to Europe. He was also attacked by Mr. O'Meara, in his Voice from St. Helena; and, in 1823, he applied for a criminal information against the author, but was refused by the court of King's Bench, in consequence of the lapse of time. In June, 1822, Sir Hudson Lowe was appointed colonel of the ninety-third Highland regiment of foot: in 1824, governor of Antigua; in 1825, he was again permitted to assume the rank of lieutenantgeneral upon the continent; and at the present time he is second in command in the island of Ceylon, an appointment said to produce £4,000 a year. He was married on the 16th of December, 1815, to Mrs. Johnson, the widow of Colonel Johnson, by whom he has issue. With respect to Sir Hudson's conduct towards Napoleon, there have been such varying accounts, and all written in the spirit of party feeling, that none can be altogether relied on. The emperor, however, seems to have, in some measure, provoked by his own haughtiness, the unpleasant surveillance of Sir Hudson; who, on the other hand, besides being of a warm and irritable temper, according to Sir Walter Scott, had an oppressive sense of the importance and difficulties of his situation, to a nervous and irritating degree.

PACK, (Sir DENIS,) a native of Ireland, entered the fourteenth dragoons as cornet, in 1791; served in the campaign of 1794, under Lord Moira; and volunteered to carry an important despatch to Nieuport, from which, when it was invested by the French, he had great difficulty in escaping. He was