192. Invaded by Pope Clement VII. 237. Treaty between the Pope
and Lannoy viceroy of, 239. The prince of Orange retreats thither be-
fore Lautrec, 259. Is blockaded by Lautrec, ib. Sea engagement in
the harbour of, between Andrew Doria and Moncada, ib. Causes which
disappointed the French operations against, 260. Doria revolts, and
opens the communication by sea again, 261. Oppressed by the Spanish
viceroy Don Pedro de Toledo, becomes disaffected to the Emperor
Charles V. III. 225. Is harassed by a Turkish fleet, 226.
Nassau, Count of, invades Bouillon at the head of the Imperialists, II. 118.
Invades France, takes Mouson, and besieges Mezieres, but is repulsed,
ib.
Navarre, the kingdom of, unjustly acquired by Ferdinand of Aragon, II.
16. D'Albret's invasion of, defeated by Cardinal Ximenes, 30. Its
castles dismantled, except Pampeluna, which Ximenes strengthens, 31.
Invaded by Francis I. in the name of Henry d'Albret, 115.
Reduced by
L'Esparre, the French general, 116. The French driven out by the Spa-
niards, and L'Esparre taken prisoner, 117.
Netherlands, the goverement of, first assumed by Charles V. II. 18. The
Flemings averse to Charles's going to Spain, 34. Invaded by Francis I.
King of France, 117. A truce concluded with, by Henry VIII. of Eng-
land, 260. Invaded by Francis again, 343. A suspension of arms there,
ib
An insurrection at Ghent, 362. See Ghent. Is once more invaded
by Francis, III. 12. Resigned by the Emperor to his son Philip, 290.
A review of the alterations in, during the sixteenth century, 370.
Nice, a truce for ten years concluded there between the Emperor and Fran-
cis, II. 347. Besieged by the French and Turks, III. 15.
Noyen, treaty of, between Charles V, and Francis I. of France, II. 33.
The terms of neglected by Charles, 59.
Nuremburgh, the city of, embraces the reformed religion, II. 177. Diet of,
particulars of Pope Adrian's brief to, respecting the reformers, 178.
The reply to, 179. Proposes a general council, ib. Presents a list of
grievances to the Pope, 180. The recess, or edict of, 181. This diet of
great advantage to the reformers, ib. Froceedings of a second diet there,
183. Recess of the diet, ib. An accommodation agreed to there, between
the Emperor Charles V. and the Protestants, 286.
Oran, and other places in Barbary, annexed to the crown of Castile, by Xi-
menes, II. 15.
Orange, Phillibert de Chalons, Prince of, general of the Imperial army on
the death of the Duke of Bourbon, takes the castle of St. Angelo, and
Pope Clement VII. prisoner, II. 244. Retires to Naples on the ap-
proach of Lautrec, 252. Takes his successor, the Marquis de Saluces,
prisoner at Aversa, 263.
Orleans, Duke of, delivered up to the Emperor Charles V. with the Dau-
phin, as hostages for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, II. 215.
Is married to Catherine di Medici, 292. Becomes Dauphin by the death
of his brother, 341. See Dauphin.
Duke of, brother to the former, commands the army appointed
by Francis I. for the invasion of Luxembourg, III. 5. Is prompted by
envy to abandon his conquests, and join his brother the Dauphin in Rou-
sillon, 6. Dies, 42.
Pacheco, Donna Maria, wife to Don John de Padilla, her artful scheme to
raise money to supply the army of the Holy Junta, II. 150. Her hus-
band taken prisoner and executed, 154. His letter to her, 155. Note.
Raises forces to revenge his death, 156. Is reduced, and retires to Por-
tugal, 157.
Padilla, Don John de, his family and character, II. 136. Heads the insur-
rection at Toledo, ib. Routs the troops under Ronquillo, 137. Calls a
convention of the malcontents at Avila, 140. Forms the confederacy
called the Holy Junta, ib. Disclaims Adrian's authority. ib. Gets pos-
session of Queen Joanna, 141. Removes the Holy Junta to Tordesillas,
the place of her residence, 142. Sent with troops to Valladolid, and de-
prives Adrian of all power of government, ib. Is superseded in the com-
mand of the army of the Junta, by Don Pedro de Giron, 148. Is ap-
pointed commander at the resignation of Giron, 150. His army suppli-
ed with money by an expedient of his wife, 151. Besieges Torreloba-
ton, 153. Takes and plunders it, it. Concludes a truce with the nobles,
ib. Is wounded and taken prisoner in an action with the Conde de Ha-
ro, 154. Is put to death, ib. His letter to his wife, 155. Note. His let-
ter to the city of Toledo, ib. Note.
Palatinate, the Reformation established there by the Elector Frederick, III.
46.
Palatine, Count, ambassador from the diet at Francfort, brings Charles V.
the offer of the Imperial crown, which he accepts, II. 52.
Pampeluna, castle of, in Navarre, its fortifications strengthened by Cardi-
nal Ximenes, II. 31. Taken by L'Esparre, the French general for Hen-
ry D'Albret, 116. Retaken by the French, ib.
Papacy, how liable to be affected by the disposal of the Imperial crown, II.
Paragua, a sovereignty established there by the order of Jesuits, II. 382.
The inhabitants of, civilized by them, ib. Precautions used by the Je-
suits to preserve the independency of their empire there, 383.
Paris, a decree published by the university of, against Martin Luther the
Reformer, II. 109. A decree of the parliament of, published against
the Emperor Charles V. 342.
Parma, the dutchy of, confirmed to Octavio Farnese, by Pope Julius III.
170. Is attacked by the Imperialists, and successfully protected by
the French, 172.
Passau, a treaty concluded there between the Emperor Charles V. and
Maurice of Saxony, 211. Reflections on this peace, and the conduct
of Maurice, 212.
Pavia, besieged by Francis I. of France, II. 190. Vigorously defended by
Antonio de Leyva, 191. Battle of, between Francis and the Duke of
Bourbon, 195. The Imperial troops in that city mutiny, 202.
Paul III. Pope, elected, II. 294. His character, ib. Proposes a general
council to be held at Mantua, 305. Negociates personally between
the Emperor and Francis, 347. Issues a bull for a council at Mantua,
354. Prorogues and transfers it to Vicenza, 355. A partial reformation
of abuses by, 356. Summons the council of Trent, III. 18. Prorogues
it, ib. Summons it again, 37. Grants the dutchies of Parma and Pla-
centia to his illegitimate son, 43. Deprives and excommunicates the
electoral bishop of Cologne, 57. Presses the Emperor to declare against
the Protestants, 58. Concludes an alliance with him against the Pro-
testants, 62. Indiscreetly publishes this treaty, 61. His troops join the
Emperor, 74. Recals them, 90. Removes the council from Trent to
Bologna, 133. Refuses the Emperor's request to carry the council back
to Trent, 13. His resentment against the Emperor for the murder of
his son Cardinal Farnese, 135. Is petitioned by the diet of Augsburg
for the return of the council to Trent, 137. Eludes the complying with
this request, 133. His sentiments of the Interim, published by Charles,
144. Dismisses the council of Bologna, 148. Annexes Parma and Pla-
centia to the Holy See, 152. Dies, ib. The manner of his death in-
quired into, 153. Note.
Paul IV. Pope, elected, III. 275. His character and history, 276. Founds
the order of Theatines, ib. Is the principal occasion of establishing
the Inquisition in the Papal territories, 277. Lays aside his austerity on
his election, ib. His partiality to his nephews, ib. Is alienated from
the Emperor by his nephews, 279. Makes overtures to an alliance with
France, ib. Is enraged by the recess of the diet of Augsburg, 283.
Signs a treaty with France, ib. Is included in the truce for five years,
concluded between the Emperor and Henry, 293. His insidious arti-
fices to defeat this truce, 295. Absolves Henry from his oath, and con-
cludes a new treaty with him, 297. His violent proceedings against
Philip, now King of Spain, ib. The Compagna Romana seized by the
Duke d'Alva, 299. Concludes a truce with Alva, ib. Contrast be-
tween his conduct and that of Charles, 305. Renews his hostilities
against Philip, 306. Is unprovided for military operations, 307. Is
reduced to make peace with Philip, by the recal of the Duke of
Guise after the defeat of St. Quintin, 322. Receives an ambassador
from the Emperor Ferdinand to notify his election, but refuses to see
him, or to acknowledge the Emperor, 327. Dies, 349.
Paulin, a French officer, sent ambassador from Francis I. to Sultan Soly-
man, III. 11. His successful negociations at the Porte, ib.
Pembroke, Earl of, sent by Queen Mary of England with a body of men
to join the Spanish army in the Low-Countries, III. 312.
Perpignan, the capital of Rousillon, besieged by the Dauphin of France,
III. 6. The siege raised, ib.
Pescara, Marquis de, takes Milan by assault, II. 125. Drives Bonnivet
back to France, 175. His generous care of the Chevalier Bayard, ib.
Commands in the invasion of Provence, 186. Besieges Marseilles, ib.
His army retires towards Italy, on the appearance of the French troops,
187. Resigns Milan to the French, 189. Prevails on the Spanish
troops not to murmur at present for their pay, 193. Contributes to the
defeat of Francis at the battle of Pavia, 196. Is disgusted at Francis
being taken to Spain without his concurrence, 206. His resentment
inflamed by Morone, 207. Betrays Morone's designs to the Emperor,
208. Arrests Morone, 209. Dies, 312.
Philip, Archduke of Austria, and father of Charles V. visits Spain, with
his wife Joanna, II. 2. Does homage by the way to Lewis XII. of
France for the earldom of Flanders, ib. His title to the crown acknow-
ledged by the Cortes, ib. Is disgusted with the formality of the Spanish
court, 3.
Ferdinand becomes jealous of his power, ib. Slights his
wife, ib. His abrupt departure from Spain, 4. Passes through France,
and enters into a treaty with Lewis, ib. His sentiments on Ferdinand's
obtaining the regency of Castile, 6. Requires Ferdinand to retire to
Aragon, and resign his regency of Castile, 7. The regency of Castile
vested jointly in him, Ferdinand, and Joanna, by the treaty of Salaman-
ca, 9. Sets out for Spain, and is driven on the coast of England, where
he is detained three months by Henry VII. 10. Arrives at Corunna,
ib. The Castilian nobility declare openly for him, ib. Ferdinand re-
signs the regency of Castile to him, 11. Interview between them, ib.
Acknowledged King of Castile by the Cortes, ib. Dies, 12. Joanna's
extraordinary conduct in regard to his body, ib. See Joanna.
philip, Prince, son to the Emperor Charles V. his right of succession re-
cognized by the Cortes of Aragon and Valencia, III. 7. Is acknow-
ledged by the States of the Netherlands. 149. His deportment disgusts
the Flemings, 150. His character, 168. Is married to Mary Queen of
England, 244, 245. The English parliament jealous of him, 245. His
father resigns his hereditary dominions to him, 283. Is called by his
father out of England, 287. The ceremony of investing him, 288. His
father's address to him, 289. Commissions Cardinal Granvelle to ad-
dress the assembly in his name, 290. Mary Queen Dowager of Hunga-
ry resigns her regency, ib. The dominions of Spain resigned to him,
291. His unpoliteness to the French ambassador Coligni, 293.
The Pope's violent proceedings against him, 297. His scruples concern-
ing commencing hostilities against the Pope, 298. His ungrateful neg-
lect in paying his father's pension, 304. The Pope renews hostilities
against him, 306. Assembles an army in the Low Countries against
France, 308. Goes over to England to engage that kingdom in the war,
309. Visits the camp at St. Quintin, after the victory, 315. Opposes
the scheme of penetrating to Paris, and orders the siege of St. Quintin to
be prosecuted, ib. St. Quintin taken by assault, 316. The small ad-
vantages he reaped by these successes, 317. Builds the Escurial in mem-
ory of the battle of St. Quintin, 318. Concludes a peace with the Pope,
319. Restores Placentia to Octavio Farnese, 320. Grants the investi-
ture of Siena to Cosmo di Medici, 321. Enters into negociations for
peace with his prisoner Montmorency, 334. Death of Queen Mary,
342. Addresses her successor Elizabeth for marriage, ib. Elizabeth's
motives for rejecting him, 343. Her evasive answer to him, ib. Sup-
plants his son Don Carlos, and marries Henry's daughter Elizabeth, 347-
Articles of the treaty of Chateau Cambresis, 348.
Philibert, Emanuel, Duke of Savoy. See Savoy.
Phillipino, nephew to Andrew Doria, defeats Moncada, in a sea-engagement
before the harbour of Naples, II. 259.
Piadena, Marquis de, invades Transylvania for Ferdinand, III. 182. Mis-
represents Cardinal Martinuzzi to Ferdinand, and obtains a commission to
assassinate him, 184, 185. Is forced to abandon Transylvania, 235.
Picardy, invaded by Henry VIII. II. 132. Henry forced by the Duke de
Vendome to retire, ib. Invaded again under the Duke of Suffolk, 172.
Who penetrates almost to Paris, but is driven back, 173. Ineffectual in-
vasion by the Imperialists, 340.
Placentia, the dutchy of, granted together with that of Parma by Pope Paul
III. to his natural son, Cardinal Farnese, III. 43. Farnese assassinated
there, 135.
Is taken possession of by the Imperial troops, ib. Restored
to Octavio Farnese, by Philip II. of Spain, 320.
Pole, Cardinal, arrives in England with a legatine commission, 1II. 247.
Endeavours to mediate a peace between the Emperor and the King of
France, without success, 264. Is recalled from the court of England by
Pope Paul,
Printing, its effects on the progress of the Reformation, II. 101.
Prague, its privileges abridged by Ferdinand King of Bohemia, III. 131.
Protestants, the derivation of the name, II. 278. Of whom they originally
consisted, ib. A severe decree published against them by the Emperor,
181. They enter into a league, ib. See Smalkalde. Renew their league
and apply to Francis King of France, and Henry VIII. of England, for
protection, 284. Are secretly encouraged by Francis, ib. Receive a sup-
ply of money from Henry, 285. Terms of the pacification agreed to be-
tween them and the Emperor at Nuremburg, 286. Assist the Emperor
against the Turks, 287 Their negociations with the Pope, relative to a
general council, 288. Renew the league of Smalkalde for ten years, 306.
The motives for refusing to assist the King of France against the Emperor,
322. Refuse to acknowledge the council summoned by the Pope at Man-
tua, 354 A conference between their principal divines and a deputation
of Catholics at Ratisbon, 386. This conference how rendered fruitless,
387. Obtain a private grant from Charles in their favour, 389 Drive
the Duke of Brunswick from his dominions, III. 19. All rigorous edicts
against them suspended by a recess of the diet of Spires, 22 Their re-
monstrances to Ferdinand at the diet of Worms, 39. Their inflexible ad-
herence to the recess of Spires, ib. Disclaim all connexion with the coun-
cil of Trent, 40 Are strengthened by the accession of Frederick Electer
Palatine, 45. Are alarmed at the proccedings of the Emperor, 61. The
Emperor leagues with the Pope against them, 62. Prepare to resist the
Emperor, 65. Levy an army, C8. The operations of the army distracted
by the joint commanders, 69. The army dispersed, 85. The Elector of
Saxony reduced, 115. The Landgrave deceived by treaty, and confined,
122, 124. The Emperor's cruel treatment of him, 125. The Interim
a system of theology recommended by the Emperor to the diet at Augs-
burg, 144. Are promised protection by the Emperor at the council of
Trent, 164. The Emperor proceeds rigorously against them, 173.
Their deputies obtain a safe-conduct from the Emperor, but are refused
by the council, 180. Maurice of Saxony raises an army in their cause,
192. See Maurice. Treaty of Passau, 211. The Protestant Princes
again unite to strengthen the Protestant interest, 269. Recess of the
diet of Augsburg on the subject of religion, 270. Why originally averse
to the principles of toleration, 281.
Provence, is laid waste by the Marechal Montmorency on the approach of
the Emperor Charles V. II. 335. Is entered by the Emperor, 337. The
disastrous retreat of the Emperor from, 339.
Prussia, when conquered by the Teutonic order, II. 225. Is erected into
a dutchy, and finally into a kingdom, and enjoyed by the house of Bran-
denburg, 226.
Ratisbon, a conference between a deputation of Protestant and Catholic
divines, before the Emperor and diet there, II. 386. This conference
how rendered fruitless, 387. A diet opened there by the Emperor, III.
59. The Catholic members of, assert the authority of the council of
Trent, 60. The Protestants present a memorial against it, ib. The
Protestant deputies retire, 61.
Reformation in religion, the rise of, explained, II. 68. The diet at Worms
called by Charles V. to check the progress of, ib. Account of Martin
Luther, the Reformer, 72. Beginning of, in Switzerland by Zuinglius,
83 State of, in Germany, at the arrival of Charles V. 86. Reflections
on the conduct of the court of Rome towards Luther, ib. And on Lu-
ther's conduct, 87. Inquiry into the causes which contributed to the
progress of, 89. Observations on the pontificate of Alexander VI. and
Julius II. 90. The immoral lives of the Romish clergy, 91. The pro-
gress of, favoured by the invention of printing, 101. And the revival
of learning, 102. The great progress of, in Germany, 176. Advan-
tages derived to, from the diet at Nuremburg, 179. Its tendency in fa-
vour of civil liberty, 221. The dissentions between the Emperor and
the Pope, favourable to, 247. The great spread of, among the Ger-
man Princes, 275. The confession of Augsburg drawn up by Melanc-
thon, 280. Causes which led to that of England, 293. The excesses it
gave rise to, 295. See Protestants, Maurice, and Smalkalde. Is es-
tablished in Saxony, 358 The great alteration occasioned by, in the
court of Rome, 361 Contributed to improve both the morals and learn-
ing of the Romish church, 365.
Reggio, invested by the French, who are repulsed by the governor Guic-
ciardini the historian, II 122.
Remonstrance of grievances drawn up by the Holy Junta, the particulars
of, II. 143, 144. Remarks on, 146.
Reverse, a deed so called, signed by the Archduke Ferdinand on being
elected King of Bohemia, II. 247.
Reggio, plundered and burnt by Barbarossa, III. 14.
Rhodes, the island of, besieged by Soly man the Magnificent, II. 132. Ta-
ken by him, 133. The island of Malta granted to the knights of, by
the Emperor Charles V. ib.
Richieu, Cardinal, his remarks on De Retz's history of Fiesco's conspi-
racy, III. 101. Note.
Rincon, the French ambassador at the Porte, the motives of his return to
France, II. 2. Is murdered in his journey back to Constantinople, by
order of the Imperial governor of the Milanese, 3.
Rome, reflections on the conduct of the court of, respecting the proceed-
ings against Martin Luther, II. 86. The exorbitant wealth of the
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