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marriage with Francis's daughter, 353. Marries Mary of Guise, ib. Dies, and leaves Mary his infant-daughter to succeed him, III. 10. See Mary.

Jesuits, the order of, by whom founded, II. 116. Character of that order, ib. Character of Ignatio Loyola their founder, 373. The order confirmed by the Pope, ib. An examination into the constitution of the order, 374. Office and power of their general, 375. The rapid progress of the order, 377. Engage in trade, and establish an empire in South America, 379. Bad tendency of the order, 380. Are responsible for most of the pernicious effects of Popery since their institution, ib. Advantages resulting from their institution, 381. Civi lize the natives of Paraguay, 382. Their precautions for the independency of their empire there, 383. How the particulars of their government and institution came to be disclosed, 304. Summary of their character, 305.

Indulgences, in the Romish church, the doctrine of, explained, II. 70. By whom first invented, ib. Martin Luther preaches against them, 72. Writes against them to Albert, Elector of Mentz, 73. A bull issued in favour of, 81. The sale of opposed in Switzerland by Zuinglius, 83. Infantedo, Duke of, his haughty resentment of a casual blow on his horse, II. 361. Is protected by the constable of Castile, ib. Innocent, a young domestic of Cardinal di Monte, obtains his Cardinal's hat on his election to the Papacy, III. 154. Interim, a system of theology so called, prepared by order of the Emperor Charles V. for the use of Germany, III. 144. Is disapproved of, both by Protestants and Papists, 145. Investitures, usurpations of Romish clergy in Germany, during the disputes between the Emperors and Popes, concerning, II.

94.

Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand, and mother of Charles V. visit Spain with her husband Philip archduke of Austria, II. 2. Is slighted by her husband, 3. Her character, ib. Is abruptly left in Spain by her husband, ib. Sinks into melancholy on the occasion, and is delivered of her second son Ferdinand, 4. Her letter of consent to her father's regency of Castile intercepted, and herself confined, 7. Made joint regent of Castile with Ferdinand and Philip, by the treaty of Salamanca, 9. Sets out for Spain with Philip, are driven on the coast of England, and detained three months by Henry VIII. 10. Acknowledged Queen by the Cortes, 11. Her tenderness to her husband in his sickness, and extraordinary attachment to his body when dead, 12. Is incapable of government, 13.. Her son Charles assumes the crown, 24. The Cortes acknowledged her son King, with a reservation in her favour, 37. Her reception of Padilla the chief of the Spanish malcontents, 141. The Holy Junta removed to Tordesillas, the place of her residence, ib. Relapses into her former melancholy, ib. The proceedings of the Holy Junta carried on in

her name, 142. Is seized by the Conde de Haro, 149. Dies, after near fifty years confinement, II. 287.

John Zapol Scæpius, by the assistance of Sultan Solyman, establishes himself in the kingdom of Hungary, II. 389. Leaves the kingdom to his son Stephen, 390. See Hungary, Isabella, and Martinuzzi.

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Isabella, daughter of John II. of Castile, and wife of Ferdinand King of Aragon, her history, II. 2. Her concern at the Archduke Philip's treatment of her daughter Joanna, 3. Her death and character, 4. Appoints Ferdinand regent of Castile, under restrictions, 5.

daughter to Sigismund King of Poland, married to John King of Hungary, II. 390. Her character ib. Is treacherously carried, with her infant son, into Transylvania by Sultan Solyman, 392. The government of this province and the education of her son committed to her jointly with Martinuzzi, III. 181. Is jealous of Martinuzzi's influence, and courts the Turks, ib. Is prevailed on to resign Transylvania to Ferdinand, 182. Retires to Silesia, 183. Recovers possession of Transylvania, 235.

of Portugal, married to the Emperor Charles V. II. 228. Italy, consequences of the league between Pope Leo X. and the Emperor Charles V. to, II. 121. The characters of the Italians, Spaniards, and French, contrasted, ib. State of, at the accession of Clement VII. to the Papacy, 170. Views of the Italian States with respect to the Emperor and Francis on the expulsion of the French from Genoa and the Milanese, 173. Their apprehensions on the battle of Pavia and captivity of Francis, 201. The principal States join in the Holy league against the Emperor, 228. Are disgusted at the tardiness of Francis, 232. A view of the Ghibeline faction, 233. Sentiments of the States of, on the peace of Cambray, 270. Is visited by the Emperor Charles V. 272. tives of his moderation towards the States of, 273. among the states of, formed by Charles, 289. granted to Octavio Farnese by Philip II. of Spain, III. 320. The investiture of Siena given by Philip to Cosmo di Medici, 322. The consequence of these grants, ib.

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Junta, Holy, a view of the confederacy in Spain, so termed, II. 140. The authority of Adrian disclaimed by, ib. Removed to Tordesillas, where Queen Joanna resided, 141. Their proceedings carried on in the name of Joanna, ib. Receives letters from Charles to lay down their arms, with promises of pardon, 143. Remonstrance of grievances drawn up by, ib. The particulars of this remonstrance, 144. Remarks on the spirit of it, 146. Are intimidated from presenting it to Charles, 147. Propose to deprive Charles of his royalty during the life of Joanna, 148. Take the field, ib. Character of their army, ib. The Queen seized by the Conde de Haro, 149. How they obtained money to support their army, 150.

Lose time in negociating with the nobles, 151. Propose to make their peace with Charles at the expense of the nobles, 152. Their irresolute conduct, 153. Their army defeated by Haro, and Padilla taken prisoner, 154. Padilla executed, ib. His letters to his wife, and the city of Toledo, 155. Note. The ruin of the confederacy, 156. Julius II. Pope, observations on the pontificate of, II. 90.

III. Pope, his character, III. 154. Bestows his Cardinal's hat infamously, ib. Is averse to the calling a council, 155. Summons one at Trent, 156. Asserts his supreme authority peremptorily in the bull for it, 163. Repents confirming Octavio Farnese in Parma, 170. Requires Octavio to relinquish his alliance with France, 171. The manner of his death, 266.

L

La Chau, a Flemish gentleman, associated by Charles V. with Cardinal Ximenes in the regency of Castile, II. 30.

Landrecy, siege of, by the Emperor Charles V. III. 13. Is abandoned by him, 14.

Lannoy, mortgages the revenues of Naples, to supply the exigencies of the Emperor, II. 190. Francis surrenders himself prisoner to him at the battle of Pavia, 196. His cautious disposal of him, 197. Delivers him up in pursuance of the treaty of Madrid, and receives the Duke of Orleans and the Dauphin, as hostages in exchange, 217. Is sent ambassador to Francis to require his fulfilment of the treaty of, 230. Concludes a treaty with the Pope, 239. Marches to join the Imperialists at Rome, where the troops refuse to obey him,

251.

Lanuza, Don John de, made viceroy of Aragon, on the departure of Charles V. for Germany, II. 57. Composes the disturbances there, 160.

Lavagna, John Lewis Fiesco, count of, his character, III. 92. Meditates subverting the government of Genoa, ib. His preparations, 93. His artful method of assembling his adherents, 95. His exhortation to them, 96. His interview with his wife, 97. Sallies forth, ib. Andrew Doria escapes, 98. Deputies sent to know his terms, ib. Is drowned, 99. His brother's vanity ruins their design, ib. See Fiesco. Lautrec, Odet de Foix, marechal de, the French governor of Milan, his character, II. 122. Alienates the affections of the Milanese from the French, ib. Invests Reggio, but is repulsed by Guicciardini the historian, then governor, 123. Is excommunicated by the Pope, ib. The money for paying his troops seized by Louise of Savoy, 125. Is left by his Swiss troops, ib. Is driven out of the Milanese territories, A new body of Swiss under him insist on giving battle to the Imperialists, who defeat him, 128. The Swiss leave

126.

him ib. Retires into France with the residue of his troops, 130. Delivers up the Dauphin and Duke of Orleans, in exchange for Francis I. as hostages for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, 217. Is appointed generalissimo of the league against the Emperor, 252. His successes in Italy, Motives which withheld him from subduing the Milanese, ib. Obliges the Prince of Orange to retire to Naples, 259. Blockades Naples, ib. His army wasted, and himself killed by the pestilence, 262. Learning, the revival of, favourable to the reformation of religion, II. 102.

253.

Leipsick, a public disputation held there by Martin Luther, and Eckius, on the validity of the Papal authority, II. 83.

Leo X. Pope of Rome, his character, II. 47. His apprehensions on the election of an Emperor of Germany, at the death of Maximilian, ib. His counsel to the German Princes, ib. Grants Charles V. a tenth of all ecclesiastical benefices in Castile, 53. Lays Castile under an interdict, but takes it off at the instance of Charles, ib. His conduct on the prospect of war between Charles and Francis, 61. Situation of the Papacy at his accession, and his views of policy, 69. His inattention to Martin Luther's controversy with the Dominicans, concerning Indulgences, 76. Is instigated against him, and summons him to Rome, 77. Desires the Elector of Saxony not to protect him, ib. Is prevailed on to permit Luther's doctrines to be examined in Germany, 78. Cardinal Cajetan appointed to try him, ib. Issues a bull in favour of Indulgences,

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81.

A suspension of proceedings against Luther, and why, 83. Publishes a bull of excommunication against him, 84. The political views of his conduct between Charles and Francis, 112. Concludes a treaty with Francis, 113. Concludes a treaty also with Charles, ib. The conditions of the treaty with Charles, 114. Its consequences to Italy, 121. Is disappointed in a scheme formed by Morone, chancellor of Milan, for attacking that dutchy, 122. Excommunicates Marechal de Foix for (his attack of Reggio, and declares against France, 123. Takes a body of Swiss into pay, ib. The French driven out of the Milanese, 126. He dies, ib. The spirit of the confederacy broken by his death, ib.

L'Asparre, Foix de, commands the French troops in Navarre for Henry D'Albert, II. 115. Reduces that kingdom, ib. His imprudent progress into Castile, 116. Is taken prisoner by the Spaniards, and the French driven out of Navarre, 117. Leonard, Father, forms a scheme of betraying Metz to the Imperialists, III. 260. Introduces soldiers clad like friars, 261. Is detected, 262. Is murdered by his monks, 263. Levesque, Don, his account of the motives which induced the Emperor Charles V. to resign his hereditary dominions, III. 286. Note.

Lewis II. King of Hungary and Bohemia, his character, II'

246. Is invaded and killed by Solyman the Magnificent, ib.
Lewis XII. King of France, receives homage of the Archduke
Philip, for the Earldom of Flanders, II. 2. Concludes a trea-
ty with him, while at war with Ferdinand of Aragon, 4. Be-
stows his niece, Germain de Foix, on Ferdinand, and con-
cludes a peace with him, 8. Loses the confidence of Philip
on that occasion, 18. Note. Bestows his eldest daughter, al-
ready betrothed to Charles V. on the Count of Angoulême, ib.
Leyva, Antonio de, defends Pavia for the Emperor against Fran-
cis, II. 191. His vigorous defence, ib. Sallies out at the bat-

tle of Pavia, and contributes to the defeat of Francis, 195. Is
left governor of Milan by the Duke of Bourbon, 236. Defeats
the forces there, 365. Is appointed generalissimo of the Ita-
lian league, 289. Directs the operations of the invasion of
France, under the Emperor, 333. Dies, 339.

Literature, its obligations to the order of Jesuits, II. 381.
Lorenzo di Medici. See Medici.

Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I. of France, her character,
II. 124. Her motives for seizing the money appointed for
payment of Marechal Lautrec's troops, ib. Cause of her aver-
sion to the house of Bourbon, 165. Her advances toward a
marriage with Charles Duke of Bourbon, rejected by him,
166. Determines to ruin him, 167. Instigates a law-suit
against him for his estates, ib. Goes to dissuade Francis from
his intended invasion of the Milanese, who will not wait for
her, 188. Is appointed regent during his absence, ib. Her
prudent conduct on the defeat of Pavia, and captivity of her son
Francis, 199. Concludes a defensive alliance with Henry
VIII. 205. Ratifies the treaty of Madrid for the recovery of
her son's liberty, 217. Undertakes with Margaret of Savoy
to accommodate the differences between the Emperor and
Francis, 266. Articles of the peace of Cambray, 268.
Loyola, Ignatio, commands the castle of Pampeluna in Navarre,
and is wounded in its defence, II. 116. His enthusiastic turn
of mind, ib. The founder of the society of Jesuits, ib. Pre-
vails on the Pope to establish the order, II. 373. An examination
into the constitution of the order, 374. Office and power of
the general, 375. The rapid progress of the order, 377. See
Jesuits.

Lorrain, Cardinal of, persuades Henry II. of France, to accept
the offered alliance with Pope Paul IV. and is sent to Rome
to negociate it, III. 281. His imprudent behaviour towards
the duchess of Valentinois, 335.

Lunenburgh, Duke of, avows the opinions of Luther, II. 178.
Luther, Martin, the happy consequences of the opinions propa-
gated by him, II. 69. Attacks Indulgences, 73.
His birth
and education, ib. Chosen philosophical professor at the uni-
versity of Wittemberg, ib. Inveighs against the publishers of
Indulgences, 74. Writes to Albert Elector of Mentz against
them, ib. Composes theses against Indulgences, ib. Is sup

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