vestitures, 93. Their other opportunities of aggrandizing themselves there, 94. Their personal immunities, 95. Their encroachments on the laity, 96. The dreadful effects of spiritual censures, ib. Their devices to secure their usurpations, 97. The united effect of all these circumstances, 100. Oppose the advancement of learning in Germany, 102. Cleves, invaded and over-run by the Emperor Charles V. III. 12, 13. Cruel treatment of Duren, ib. Humiliating submission of the Duke, 14.

Cnipperdoling, a leader of the Anabaptists at Munster, an account of, II. 303. See Anabaptists.

Cognac, an alliance formed there against Charles V. by the Pope, the Venetians, the Duke of Milan, and Francis I. II. 228. Coligny, admiral, governor of Picardy, defends St. Quintin against the Spanish general Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy, III. 312. His brother D'Andelot, defeated in an endeavour to join the garrison, ib. But D'Andelot enters the town, 313. His character, 316. The town taken by assault, and himself taken prisoner, ib. Cologne, Ferdinand King of Hungary and Bohemia, brother to the Emperor Charles V. elected King of the Romans by the college of Electors there, II. 283.

Herman, Count de Weid Archbishop and Elector of, inclines to the Reformation, and is opposed by his canons, who appeal to the Emperor and Pope, III. 41. Is deprived and excommunicated, 57. Resigns, 88.

Colonna, Cardinal Pompeo, his character, and rivalship with Pope Clement VII. II. 233. Seizes Rome, and invests the Pope in the castle of St. Angelo, 234. Is degraded, and the rest of the family excommunicated by the Pope, 237. Is prevailed on by the Pope, when prisoner with the Imperialists, to solicit his delivery, 254.

Prosper, the Italian general, his character, II. 123. Appointed to command the troops in the invasion of Milan, ib. Drives the French out of Milan, 126. His army how weakened at the death of Pope Leo X. ib. Defeats Mareshal de Lautrec, at Bicocca, 129. Reduces Genoa, 130. The bad state of his troops when the French invade Milan, 169. Is enabled to defend the city by the ill conduct of Bonnivet the French commander, 170. Dies, and is succeeded by Lannoy, 174.

Conchillos, an Aragonian gentleman, employed by Ferdinand of Aragon, to obtain Joanna's consent to his regency of Castile, II. 7. Thrown into a dungeon by the Archduke Philip, ib. Confession of Augsburg, drawn up by Melancthon, II. 280. Constance, the privileges of that city taken away by the Emperor Charles V. for disobedience to the Interim, III. 150. Corsairs of Barbary, an account of the rise of, II. 307. See Algiers, Barbarossa.

Cortes of Aragon, acknowledges the Archduke Philip's title to the crown, II. 2. Not allowed to assemble in the name of

Charles V. 39. Their opposition to his desires, 40. Is prevailed on by the Emperor to recognize his son Philip as successor to that kingdom, III. 7. See Spain.

Cortes of Castile acknowledges the Archduke Philip's title to the crown, II. 2. Is prevailed on to acknowledge Ferdinand Regent, according to Isabella's will, 7. Acknowledges Philip and Joanna King and Queen of Castile, and their son Charles, Prince of Austurias, 12. Declares Charles King, and votes him a free gift, 37. Summoned by Charles to meet at Compostella in Galicia, 55. Tumultuary proceedings thereupon, A donative voted, 57. Loses all its influence by the dissolution of the Holy Junta, 158. Its backwardness to grant supplies for the Emperor's wars in Italy, 235. Refuses his pressing solicitations for a supply, 254. Assembled at Toledo

56.

to grant supplies to the Emperor, 359. The remonstrances of, 360. The ancient constitution of, subverted by Charles ib. See Spain.

of Valencia, prevailed on by the Emperor Charles V. to acknowledge his son Philip successor to that kingdom, III. 7. See Spain.

Cortona, Cardinal di, governor of Florence for the Pope, expelled by the Florentines, on the Pope's captivity, II. 251. Cosmo di Medici. See Medici.

Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, annuls the marriage of Henry VIII. with Catherine of Aragon, which was refused to Henry by the Pope, II. 293. His sentence reversed by the Pope, ib.

Crespy, peace of, between the Emperor and Francis, III. 31. Croy, William de, nephew to Chievres, made Archbishop of Toledo, by Charles V. II. 39. Dies, 157.

D

D'Albert, John, expelled from his kingdom of Navarre by Ferdinand of Aragon, II. 16. Invades Navarre, but is defeated by Cardinal Ximenes, 30.

D'Alembert, M. his observation on the order of Jesuits, II. 381. Note.

D'Andelot, brother to Coligni, is defeated by the Duke of Saxony in an endeavour to succour St. Quintin, III. 313. But enters the town with the fugitives, ib. The town taken by assault, 316. Dauphin of France, eldest son of Francis I. is delivered up with the Duke of Orleans to the Emperor Charles V. in exchange for his father, as hostages for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, II. 215. His death imputed to poison, 341. The most probable cause of it, ib.

late Duke of Orleans, second son of Francis I. commands an army, and invades Spain, III. 6. Is forced to abandon the siege of Perpignan, 7. Is dissatisfied at the peace of Crespy, 35. Makes a secret protestation against it, ib.

of France, son of Henry II. contracted to Mary the

young Queen of Scotland, III. 136. Is married to her, III. 329. Denmark, a summary view of the revolutions in, during the 16th century, III. 370.

353.

King of, joins the Protestant league at Smalkalde, II.

De Retz, Cardinal, writes a history of Fiesco's conspiracy while a youth, III. 101. Note.

Diana of Poitiers, mistress to Henry II. of France, assists the Guises in persuading Henry to an alliance with Pope Paul IV. against the Emperor, III. 281. Induces Henry to break the treaty of Vaucelles, 297. Marries her grand-daughter to one of Montmorency's sons, 334. Joins Montmorency against the Guises, 335.

Doria, Andrew, assists Lautrec in subduing Genoa, II. 259. Conquers and kills Moncada in a sea-engagement before the harbour of Naples, 260. His character, 261. Is disgusted with the behaviour of the French, ib. Revolts to the Emperor, ib. Opens to Naples a communication by sea, 262. Rescues Genoa from the French, 263. Restores the government of, to the citizens, 264. The respect paid to his memory, 265. Attends the Emperor Charles in his disastrous expedition against Algiers, 396. His partial fondness for his kinsman Giannetino, III. 96. His narrow escape in Lavagno's insurrection, 98. Returns on Lavagno's death, and the dispersion of his party, 100. See Genoa and Lavagno.

Giannetino, his character, III. 96. Is murdered by Lavagno's conspirators, 98.

Dover, an interview there between Henry VIII. and the Emperor Charles V. II. 65.

Dragut, a corsair, commands the Turkish fleet which ravages the coast of Naples, III. 227.

Com

Its in

Du Prat, Chancellor of France, his character, II. 167. mences a law-suit against Charles Duke of Bourbon, for his estate, at the instigation of Louise the King's mother, ib. Duelling, the custom of, how rendered general, II. 256. fluence on manners, 257. Duren in Cleves, taken by the Emperor Charles V. the inhabitants put to the sword, and the town burnt, III. 12.

E

Eccius, an adversary of Luther's, holds a public disputation with him at Leipsic, on the validity of the papal authority, II. 83. Ecclesiastical censures of the Romish church, the dreadful effects of, II. 96.

Reservation, in the recess of the diet of Augsburg, remarks on, II. 280. Edinburgh plundered and burnt by the Earl of Hertford, III. 28. Edward VI. of England, his character, III. 242.

Egmont, count of, commands the cavalry at the battle of St. Quintin, and puts Montmorency's troops to flight, III. 313.

Engages Marshal de Termes, and defeats him by the casual arrival of an English squadron, II. 330.

Egypt, how and by whom added to the Ottoman Empire, II. 43. Ehrenberg, the castle of, taken by Maurice of Saxony, III. 198. Eignotz, a faction in Geneva so termed, an account of, II. 325. Elizabeth, sister of Mary, her accession to the crown of England, III. 342. Her character, ib. Is addressed by Philip of Spain, and Henry of France, for marriage, 343. Her prudent conduct between them, ib. How determined against Henry, ib. Her motives for rejecting Philip, ib. Returns Philip an evasive answer, 344. Demands restitution of Calais at the conferences at Chateau Cambresis, 345. Establishes the Protestant religion in England, ib. Treaty between her and Henry signed at Chateau Cambresis, 346.

Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy. See Savoy. England, by what means that kingdom was freed from the Papal supremacy, and received the doctrines of the Reformation, II. 293. Mary, Queen of, married to Prince Philip, son of the Emperor Charles V. contrary to the sense of the nation, III. 243. The marriage ratified by parliament, 246. Is reluctantly engaged by Philip, now King of Spain, in the war against France, 309. Mary levies money by her prerogative to carry on the war, ib. Calais taken by the Duke of Guise, 324. Guisnes and Hames taken, 325. Death of Mary, and accession of Elizabeth, 342. The Protestant religion established by Elizabeth, 345. Treaty with France signed at Chateau Cambresis, 346. Its interior strength how increased by the conduct of Henry VIII. 358. Its power no longer fruitlessAlteration of its conduct toly wasted on the continent, 359.

wards Scotland, 360.

Enguien, the Count de, besieges Carignan, III. 24. Desires of Francis permission to engage Guasto, 25. Defeats Guasto in a pitched battle, 26.

Erard de la Mark, ambassador of Charles V. to the diet of Frankfort, his private motives for thwarting the pretensions of Francis I. of France to the Imperial crown, II. 50. Signs the capitulation of the Germanic body on behalf of Charles, 51. Erasmus, some account of, II. 104. censures against the Romish church, in his intentions of reformation, 105. ed him in this, ib.

Preceded Luther in his ib. Concurs with him Motives which check

Escurial, palace of, built by Philip II. in memory of the battle of St. Quintin, III. 380.

Europe, a short view of the state of, at the death of the Emperor Maximilian, II. 42. The contemporary monarchs of all, illustrious at the time of Charles V. 66, 67. The method of carrying on war in, how improved beyond the practice of earlier ages, 149. The sentiments of, on Charles's treatment of the Pope, 249. A review of the state of, during the reign of The remarkable change the Emperor Charles V. III. 349.

.

in, at this period, 351. How affected by the revolt of Luther against the church of Rome, 361.

Eutemi, King of Algiers, engages Barbarossa in his service, and is murdered by him, II. 308.

Excommunication in the Romish church, the original institution of, and the use made of it, II. 96.

F

Farnese, Alexander, his unanimous election to the Papacy, II. 294. See Paul III.

Cardinal, accompanies the troops sent by the Pope to the Emperor, against the army of the Protestant league, III. 74. Returns disgusted, 75. Leads the troops home again by the Pope's order, 90. Contributes to the election of Cardinal di Monte to the Papacy, 154.

Is

Farnese, Octavio, grandson of Pope Paul III. endeavours to surprise Parma, and enters into treaty with the Emperor, III. 154. confirmed in Parma by Julius, 170. Procures an alliance with France, 171. Is attacked by the Imperialists, but is successfully protected by the French, 172. Placentia restored to him by Philip II. of Spain, 170.

Peter Lewis, natural son of Pope Paul III. obtains of his father the dutchies of Parma and Placentia, III. 43. His character, 134. Is assassinated, 135. Ferdinand King of Aragon, how he acquired his kingdoms, II. 2. Invites his daughter Joanna, and her husband, Philip Archduke of Austria, to Spain, ib. Becomes jealous of Philip, 3. Carries on his war with France vigorously, notwithstanding Philip's treaty with Lewis, 4. His Queen Isabella dies, and leaves him regent of Castile, under restrictions, ib. Resigns the kingdom of Castile, and is acknowledged Regent by the Cortes, 6. His character, ib. His maxims of government odious to the Castilians, ib. Required by Philip to resign his regency, 7. Joanna's letter of consent procured by him, intercepted by Philip, and herself confined, ib. Is deserted by the Castilian nobility, 8. Determines to exclude his daughter from the succession by marrying, ib. Marries Germaine de Foix, niece to Lewis XII. of France, 9. A treaty between him and Philip at Salamanca, by which the regency of Castile is jointly vested in them and Joanna, ib. Prevails on Henry VII. of England to detain Philip for three months, when driven on that coast, 10. The Castilians declare against him, ib. Resigns the regency of Castile by treaty, 11. Interview between him and Philip, ib. Is absent, at Naples, when Philip died, 12. Returns and gains, with the regency of Castile, the good-will of the natives by his prudent administration, 15. Acquires by dishonourable means the kingdom of Navarre, 16. How he destroyed his constitution, ib. Endeavours to diminish his grandson Charles's power, by a will in favour of Fer