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267.

Francis to single combat, ib. Andrew Doria revolts from Francis to him, 261. His forces defeat the French in Italy, 262, 265. His motives for desiring an accommodation, 266, Concludes a separate treaty with the Pope, ib. Terms of the peace of Cambray concluded with Francis by the mediation of Margaret of Austria and Louise of France, 268. Remarks on the advantages gained by him in this treaty, and on his conduct of the war, ib. Visits Italy, 272. His policy on his public entry into Barcelona, ib. Has an interview with the Pope at Bologna, ib. Motives for his moderation in Italy, 273. His treaties with the states of, 274. Is crowned King of Lombardy and Emperor of the Romans, 275. Summons a diet at Spires to consider the state of religion, 276. His deliberations with the Pope, respecting the expediency of calling a general council, 277, 278. Appoints a diet at Augsburg, 279. Makes a public entry into that city, ib. His endeavours to check the reformation, ib. Resolute behaviour of the Protestant Princes towards him, 280. His severe decree against the Protestants, 281. Proposes his brother Ferdinand to be elected King of the Romans, 282. Is opposed by the Protestants, 283. Obtains his election, ib. Is desirous of an accommodation with the Protestants, 285. Concludes a treaty with them at Nuremburg, 286. Raises an army to oppose the Turks under Solyman, and obliges him to retire, 287. Has another interview with the Pope, and presses him to call a general council, 288. Procures a league of the Italian States to secure the peace of Italy, 289. Arrives at Barcelona, ib. His endeavours to prevent the negociations and meeting between the Pope and Francis, 291. Undertakes to expel Barbarossa from Tunis, and restore Muly Hascen, 307. Lands in Africa, and besieges Goletta, 313. Takes Goletta, and seizes Barbarossa's fleet, 314, 315. Defeats Barbarossa, and takes Tunis, 315, 316. Restores Muley Hascen, and the treaty between them, 317. The glory acquired by this enterprise, and the delivery of the Christian captives, 318. Seizes the dutchy of Milan, on the death of Francis Sforza, 328. His policy with regard to it, ib. Prepares for war with Francis, 329. His invective against Francis at Rome before the Pope in council, .330. Remarks on this transaction, 331. Invades France, 333. Enters Provence and finds it desolated, 337. Besieges Marseilles and Arles, ib. His miserable retreat from Provence, 339. His invasion of Picardy defeated, 340. cused of poisoning the Dauphin, 342. Improbability of its truth, ib. Conjecture concerning the Dauphin's death, ib. Flanders invaded by Francis, 343. A suspension of arms in Flanders, how negociated, ib. A truce in Piedmont, 344. Motives to these truces, ib. Negociation for peace with Francis, 346. Concludes a truce for ten years at Nice, 347. Remarks on the war, 348. His interview with Francis, ib. Courts the friendship of Henry VIII. of England, 352. In

Is ac

dulges the Protestant Princes, 354. Quiets their apprehensions of the Catholic league, 355. His troops mutiny, 358. Assembles the Cortes of Castile, 359. Destroys the ancient constitution of the Cortes, 360. Instance of the haughty spirit of the Spanish grandees, 361. Desires permission of Francis to pass through France to the Netherlands, 367. His reception in France, 368. His rigorous treatment of Ghent, 370. Refuses to fulfil his engagements to Francis, 371. Appoints a friendly conference between a deputation of Catholic and Protestant divines before the diet at Ratisbon, 386. Result of this conference, 387. Grants a private exemption from oppressions to the Protestants, 388. Undertakes to reduce Algiers, 394. Is near being cast away by a violent storm, 396. Lands near Algiers, ib. His soldiers exposed to a violent tempest and rain, 397. His fleet shattered, 398. His fortitude under these disasters, 399. Leaves his enterprise, and embarks again, 400. Is distressed with another storm at sea, ib. Takes advantage of the French invasion of Spain to obtain subsidies from the Cortes, III. 7. His treaty with Portugal, ib. Concludes a league with Henry VIII. 8. Particulars of the treaty, 9. Over-runs Cleves, and his barbarous treatment of the town of Duren, 12. His behaviour to the Duke of Cleves, 13. Besieges Landrecy, ib. Is joined by an English detachment, ib. Is forced to retire, 14. Courts the favour of the Protestants, 18. His negociations with the Protestants, at the diet of Spires, 20. Procures the concurrence of the diet in a war against Francis, 22. Negociates a separate peace with the King of Denmark, ib. Invades Champagne, and invests St. Disiere, 27. Want of concert between his operations and those of Henry, who now invades France, ib. Obtains St. Disiere by artifice, 29. His distresses and happy movements, 30. Concludes a separate peace with Francis, 31. His motives to this peace, 32. His advantages by this treaty, 33. Obliges himself by a private article to exterminate the Protestant heresy, ib. Is cruelly afflicted with the gout, 36. Diet at Worms, 37. Arrives at Worms and alters his conduct toward the Protestants, 39. His conduct

on the death of the Duke of Orleans, 42. His dissimulation to the Landgrave of Hesse, 50. Concludes a truce with Solyman, 58. Holds a diet at Ratisbon, 59. His declaration to the Protestant deputies, 61. His treaty with the Pope, concluded by the Cardinal of Trent, 62. His circular letter to the Protestant members of the Germanic body, 63. The Protestants levy an army against him, 65. Is unprepared against them, 69. Puts them under the ban of the Empire, 70. The Protestants declare war against him, 71. Marches to join the troops sent by the Pope, 74. Farnese, the Pope's legate, returns in disgust, ib. His prudent declension of an action with the Protestants, 77. Is joined by his Flemish troops, ib. Proposals of peace made by the Protestants, 84.

Their army disperse, 85. His rigorous treatment of the Protestant Princes, 87. Dismisses part of his army, 89. The Pope recals his troops, 90. His reflection on Fiesco's insurrection at Genoa, 101. Is alarmed at the hostile preparations of Francis, 106. Death of Francis, 107. A parallel drawn between him and Francis, ib. Consequences of Francis's death to him, 110. Marches against the Elector of Saxony, ib. Passes the Elbe, 112. Defeats the Saxon army, 114. Takes the Elector prisoner, 115. His harsh reception of him, ib. Invests Wittemberg, 116. Condemns the Elector to death by a court-martial, 117. The Elector by treaty surrenders the electorate, 119. The harsh terms imposed by him on the Landgrave of Hesse, 122. His haughty reception of the Landgrave, 124. Detains him prisoner, 125. Seizes the warlike stores of the league, 128. His cruel exactions, 129. Assembles a diet at Augsburg, 131. Intimidates the diet by his Spanish troops, ib. Re-establishes the Romish worship in the churches of Augsburg, 132. Seizes Placentia, 135. Orders the diet to petition the Pope for the return of the council to Trent, 137. Protests against the council of Bologna, 139. Causes a system of faith to be prepared for Germany, 140. Lays it before the diet, 141. The Interim opposed, 143. And rejected by the Imperial cities, ib. Reduces the city of Augsburg to submission, 144. Repeats the same violence at Ulm, 146, 147. Carries the Elector and Landgrave with him into the Low-Countries, 149. Procures his son Philip to be recognized by the States of the Netherlands, ib. Establishes the Interim there, 150. Re-assembles the diet at Augsburg, under the influence of his Spanish troops, 156. The city of Magdeburg refuses to admit the Interim, and prepares for resistance, 161. Appoints Maurice Elector of Saxony to reduce it, 162. Promises to protect the Protestants at the council of Trent, 163. Arbitrarily releases Maurice and the Elector of Brandenburg from their engagements to the Landgrave for the recovery of his liberty, 164. Endeavours to secure the Empire for his son Philip, 165. His brother Ferdinand refuses to resign his pretensions, 166. Besieges Parma, but is repulsed, 169. Proceeds rigorously against the Protestants, 173. Endeavours to support the council of Trent, 174. Puts Magdeburg under the ban of the Empire, ib. Absolves the city, 177. Is involved in disputes between the council and the Protestant deputies, concerning their safe-conduct, 178. Begins to suspect Maurice of Saxo

ny, 189.

Circumstances which contributed to deceive him with regard to Maurice, 191. Maurice takes the field against him, 192. Maurice seconded by Henry II. of France, 193. His distress and consternation, 194. An ineffectual negociation with Maurice, 195. Flies from Inspruck, 198. Releases the Elector of Saxony, 199. Is solicited to satisfy the demands of Maurice, 206. His present difficulties, 207. Re

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fuses any direct compliance with the demands of Maurice, 208. Is disposed to yield by the progress of Maurice's operations, 209. Makes a peace with Maurice at Passau, 211. Reflections on this treaty, 212. Turns his arms against France, 217. Lays siege to Metz, 218. Is joined by Albert of Brandenberg, 220. His army distressed by the vigilance of the Duke of Guise, 222. Raises the siege, and retires in a shattered condition, 224. Cosmo di Medici asserts his independency against him, 225. Siena revolts against him, ib. Is dejected at his bad success, 228. Takes Terrouane, and demolishes it, 233. Takes Hesden, ib. Proposes his son Philip as a husband to Mary Queen of England, 242. The articles of the marriage, 244. Marches to oppose the French operations, 249. Is defeated by Henry, 250. Invades Picardy, 251. Grants Siena, subdued by Cosmo di Medici, to his son Philip, 253. A diet at Augsburg opened by Ferdinand, 255. Leaves the interior administration of Germany to Ferdinand, 262. Applies again to Ferdinand to resign his pretensions of succession to Philip, but is refused, 263. Recess of the diet of Augsburg on the subject of religion, 270. A treaty concluded between Pope Paul IV. and Henry II. of France against him, 283. Resigns his hereditary dominions to his son Philip, ib. His motives for retirement, 284. Had long meditated this resignation, 286. The ceremony of this deed, 287. His speech on this occasion, 288. Resigns also the dominions of Spain, 291. His intended retirement into Spain retarded, 292. A truce for five years concluded with France, 293. Endeavours in vain to secure the Imperial crown for Philip, 301. Resigns the Imperial crown to Ferdinand, 302. Sets out for Spain, ib. His arrival and reception in Spain, 303. Is distressed by his son's ungrateful neglect in paying his pension, 304. Fixes his retreat in the monastery of St. Justus in Plazencia, ib. The situation of this monastery, and his apartments, described, ib. Contrast between the conduct of Charles and the Pope, 305. His manner of life in his retreat, 335. His death precipitated by his monastic severities, 337. Celebrates his own funeral, 338. Dies, ib. His character, 339. A review of the state of Europe during his reign, 349. His acquisitions to the crown of Spain, 352.

Chateau Cambresis, the conferences for peace between Philip II. of Spain, and Henry II. of France, removed thither from Cercamp, III. 344. The peace retarded by the demand of Elizabeth of England for restitution of Calais, 345. Particulars of the treaty signed there between England and France, 346. Terms of the pacification between Philip and Henry,

347.

Cheregato, nuncio from the his instructions, II. 183. council, ib.

Chievres, William de Croy,

Pope to the diet at Nuremburgh,
Opposes the assembling a general

lord of, appointed by Maximilian to

superintend the education of his grandson Charles, II. 18.

Adrian of Utrecht made preceptor under him, 19. His direction of the studies of Charles, 20. His avarice corrupts the Flemish court of Charles, 32. Negociates a peace with France, 33. Endeavours to prevent an interview between Charles and Ximenes, 34. Attends Charles to Spain, 35. His ascendency over Charles, 36. His extortions, 39. His death and the supposed causes of it, 114.

Christians, primitive, why averse to the principles of toleration, 127. Clement VII. Pope, his election, II. 170. His character, ib. Grants Cardinal Wolsey a legatine commission in England for life, 171. Refuses to accede to the league against Francis, 174. Labours to accommodate the differences between the contending parties, ib. His proceedings with regard to the reformers, 182. Concludes a treaty of neutrality with Francis, 192. Enters into a separate treaty with Charles after the battle of Pavia, and the consequences of it, 201. Joins in an alliance with Francis Sforza and the Venetians, against the Emperor, 228. Absolves Francis from his oath to observe the treaty of Madrid, ib. Cardinal Colonna seizes Rome, and invests him in the castle of St. Angelo, 234. Is forced to an accommodation with the Imperialists, ib. His revenge against the Colonna family, 236. Invades Naples, ib. His territories invaded by Bourbon, and his perplexity on the oc casion, 238. Concludes a treaty with Lannoy viceroy of Naples, 239. His consternation on Bourbon's motions towards Rome, 241. Rome taken, and himself besieged in the castle of St. Angelo, 244. Surrenders himself prisoner, 245. The Florentines revolt against him, II. 251. Pays Charles a ransom for his liberty, with other stipulations, 253. Makes his escape from confinement, 254. Writes a letter of thanks to Lautrec, 255. Is jealous of the intentions of Francis, and negociates with Charles, 260. His motives and steps towards an accommodation, 266. Concludes a separate treaty with Charles, 267. His interview with the Emperor at Bologna, 272. Crowns Charles King of Lombardy and Emperor of the Romans, 275. His representations to the Emperor against calling a general council, 278. Has another interview with Charles at Bologna, and the difficulties raised by him to the calling a general council, 288. Agrees to a league of the Italian States for the peace of Italy, 289. His interview and treaty with Francis, 291. Marries Catherine di Medici to the Duke of Orleans, 292. His protraction of the affair of the divorce solicited by Henry VIII. 293. Reverses Cranmer's sentence of divorce, under penalty of excommunication, ib. Henry renounces his supremacy, ib. His death, 294. Reflections on his Pontificate, ib.

Clergy, Romish, remarks on the immoral lives of, and how they contributed to the progress of the Reformation, II. 91. The facility with which they obtained pardons, 92. Their usurpations in Germany, during the disputes concerning in

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