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designated deposit accounts totaling not more than 15 per centum of the bank's total deposits.

"(h) The term 'insured bank' means any bank the deposits of which are insured in accordance with the provisions of this Act; and the term 'noninsured bank' means any bank the deposits of which are not so insured.

"(i) The term 'new bank' means a new national banking association organized by the Corporation to assume the insured deposits of an insured bank closed on account of inability to meet the demands of its depositors and otherwise to perform temporarily the functions prescribed in this Act.

"(j) The term 'receiver' includes a receiver, liquidating agent, conservator, commission, person, or other agency charged by law with the duty of winding up the affairs of a bank.

"(k) The term 'Board of Directors' means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

"(1) The term 'deposit' means the unpaid balance of money or its equivalent received by a bank in the usual course of business and for which it has given or is obligated to give credit to a commercial, checking, savings, time, or thrift account, or which is evidenced by its certificate of deposit, and trust funds held by such bank whether retained or deposited in any department of such bank or deposited in another bank, together with such other obligations of a bank as the Board of Directors shall find and shall prescribe by its regulations to be deposit liabilities by general usage: Provided, That any obligation of a bank which is payable only at an office of the bank located outside the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, any Territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, shall not be a deposit for any of the purposes of this Act or be included as a part of total deposits or of an insured deposit: Provided further, That any insured bank having its principal place of business in any of the States of the United States or in the District of Columbia which maintains a branch in any Territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands may elect to exclude from insurance under this Act its deposit obligations which are payable only at such branch, and upon so electing the insured bank with respect to such branch shall comply with the provisions of this Act applicable to the termination of insurance by non-member banks: Provided further, That the bank may elect to restore the insurance to such deposits at any time its capital stock is unimpaired.

"(m) The term 'insured deposit' means the net amount due to any depositor for deposits in an insured bank (after deducting offsets) less any part thereof which is in excess of $10,000. Such net amount shall be determined according to such regulations as the Board of Directors may prescribe, and in determining the amount due to any depositor there shall be added together all deposits in the bank maintained in the same capacity and the same right for his benefit in his own name or in the names of others except trust funds which shall be insured as provided in subsection (i) of section 7. Each officer, employee, or agent of the United States, of any State of the United States, of any county, municipality, or political subdivision thereof, of the District of Columbia, any Territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and of any municipality thereof, herein called 'public unit', having official custody of public funds and lawfully depositing the same in an insured bank shall, for the purpose of determining the amount of the insured deposits, be deemed a depositor in such custodial capacity separate and distinct from any other officer, employee, or agent of the same or any public unit having official custody of public funds and lawfully depositing the same in the same insured bank in custodial capacity.

"(n) The term 'transferred deposit' means a deposit in a new bank or other insured bank made available to a depositor by the Corporation as payment of the insured deposit of such depositor in a closed bank, and assumed by such new bank or other insured bank.

"(o) The term 'branch' includes any branch bank, branch office, branch agency, additional office, or any branch place of business located in any State of the United States or in any Territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands at which deposits are received or checks paid or money lent. "(p) The term 'trust funds' as used in this Act means funds held by an insured bank in a fiduciary capacity and includes, without being limited to, funds held as trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, or agent.

"SEC. 4. (a) Every bank, which was an insured bank on the effective date of this Act, shall be and continue to be, without application or approval, an insured bank and shall be subject to the provisions of this Act.

"(b) Every national member bank which is authorized to commence or resume the business of banking, and which is engaged in the business of receiving deposits other than trust funds as herein defined, and every such national nonmember bank which becomes a member of the Federal Reserve System, and every State bank which is converted into a national member bank or which becomes a member of the Federal Reserve System, and which is engaged in the business of receiving deposits other than trust funds as herein defined, shall be an insured bank from the time it is authorized to commence or resume business or becomes a member of the Federal Reserve System. The certificate herein prescribed shall be issued to the Corporation by the Comptroller of the Currency in the case of such national member bank, or by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the case of such State member bank: Provided, That in the case of an insured bank which is admitted to membership in the Federal Reserve System or an insured State bank which is converted into a national member bank, such certificate shall not be required, and the bank shall continue as an insured bank. Such certificate shall state that the bank is authorized to transact the business of banking in the case of a national member bank, or is a member of the Federal Reserve System in the case of a State member bank, and that consideration has been given to the factors enumerated in section 6.

"SEC. 5. Subject to the provisions of this Act, any national nonmember bank, upon application by the bank and certification by the Comptroller of the Currency in the manner prescribed in subsection (b) of section 4 and any State nonmember bank, upon application to and examination by the Corporation and approval by the Board of Directors, may become an insured bank. Before approving the application of any such State nonmember bank, the Board of Directors shall give consideration to the factors enumerated in section 6 and shall determine, upon the basis of a thorough examination of such bank, that its assets in excess of its capital requirements are adequate to enable it to meet all of its liabilities to depositors and other creditors as shown by the books of the bank.

"SEC. 6. The factors to be enumerated in the certificate required under section 4 and to be considered by the Board of Directors under section 5 shall be the following: The financial history and condition of the bank, the adequacy of its capital structure, its future earnings prospects, the general character of its management, the convenience and needs of the community to be served by the bank, and whether or not its corporate powers are consistent with the purposes of this Act.

"SEC. 7. (a) The assessment rate shall be one-twelfth of 1 per centum per annum. The semiannual assessment for each insured bank shall be in the amount of the product of one-half the annual assessment rate multiplied by the assessment base. The assessment base shall be the amount of the liability of the bank for deposits, according to the definition of the term 'deposit' in and pursuant to subsection (1) of section 3, without any deduction for indebtedness of depositors: Provided, That the bank

"(1) may deduct (i) from the deposit balance due to an insured bank the deposit balance due from such insured bank (other than trust funds deposited by it in such bank) which is subject to immediate withdrawal; (ii) trust funds held by the bank in a fiduciary capacity and which are deposited in another insured bank; and (iii) cash items as determined by either of the following methods, at the option of the bank: (aa) By multiplying by 2 the total of the cash items forwarded for collection on the assessment base days (being the days on which the average deposits are computed) and cash items held for clearings at the close of business on said days, which are in the process of collection and which the bank has paid in the regular course of business or credited to deposit accounts; or (bb) by deducting the total of cash items forwarded for collection on the assessment base days and cash items held for clearings at the close of business on said days, which are in the process of collection and which the bank has paid in the regular course of business or credited to deposit accounts, plus such uncollected items paid or credited on preceding days which are in the process of collection: Provided, That the Board of Directors may define the terms 'cash items', 'process of collection', and 'uncollected items', and shall fix the maximum period for which any such item may be deducted; and

“(2) may exclude from its assessment base (i) drafts drawn by it on deposit accounts in other insured banks which are issued in the regular course of business; and (ii) cash funds which are received and held solely

for the purpose of securing a liability to the bank but not in an amount in excess of such liability, and which are not subject to withdrawal by the obligor and are carried in a special non-interest-bearing account designated to properly show their purpose.

Each insured bank, as a condition to the right to make any such deduction or exclusion in determining its assessment base, shall maintain such records as will readily permit verification of the correctness thereof. The semiannual assessment base for one period shall be the average of the assessment base of the bank as of the close of business on March 31 and June 30, and the semiannual assessment base for the other semiannual period shall be the average of the assessment base of the bank as of close of business on September 30 and December 31: Provided, That when any of said days is a nonbusiness day or a legal holiday, either National or State, the preceding business day shall be used. The certified statements required to be filed with the Corporation under subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall be in such form and set forth such supporting information as the Board of Directors shall prescribe. The assessment payments required from insured banks under subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall be made in such manner and at such time or times as the Board of Directors shall prescribe, provided the time or times so prescribed shall not be later than sixty days after filing the certified statement setting forth the amount of assessment.

"(b) On or before the 15th day of July of each year, each insured bank shall file with the Corporation a certified statement showing for the six months ending on the preceding June 30 the amount of the assessment base and the amount of the semiannual assessment due to the Corporation for the period ending on the following December 31, determined in accordance with subsection (a) of this section, which shall contain or be verified by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury. Each insured bank shall pay to the Corporation the amount of the semiannual assessment it is required to certify. On or before the 15th day of January of each year, each insured bank shall file with the Corporation a similar certified statement for the six months ending on the preceding December 31 and shall pay to the Corporation the amount of the semiannual assessment for the period ending on the following June 30 which it is required to certify.

"(c) Each bank which becomes an insured bank shall not be required to file any certified statement or pay any assessment for the semiannual period in which it becomes an insured bank. On the expiration of such period, each such bank shall comply with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section except that the semiannual assessment base for its first certified statement shall be the assessment base of the bank as of the close of business on the preceding June 30 or December 31, whichever is applicable, determined in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. If such bank has assumed the liabilities for deposits of another bank or banks, it shall include such liabilities in its assessment base. The first certified statement shall show as the amount of the first assessment due to the Corporation, an amount equal to the product of one-half of the annual assessment rate multiplied by such assessment base.

"(d) As of December 31, 1949, and each calendar year thereafter, the Corporation shall transfer 40 per centum of its net assessment income to its capital account and the balance of the net assessment income shall be credited pro rata to the insured banks based upon the assessments of each bank during said calendar year. Such credits shall be applied by the Corporation toward the payment of the total assessments becoming due for the semiannual assessment period beginning the next ensuing July 1. The term 'net assessment income' as used herein means the total assessments which become due during the calendar year less (1) the operating costs and expenses of the Corporation for the calendar year; (2) additions to reserve to provide for insurance losses during the calendar year, except that any adjustments to reserve which result in a reduction of such reserve shall be added; and (3) the insurance losses sustained in said calendar year plus losses from any preceding years in excess of such reserves. If such losses exceed the net assessment income in any year, such excess losses shall be restored by deduction made in subsequent years.

"(e) The Corporation (1) may refund to an insured bank any payment of assessment in excess of the amount due to the Corporation or the Corporation (2) may credit such excess toward the payment of the assessment next becoming due from such bank and upon succeeding assessments until the credit is exhausted.

"(f) Any insured bank which fails to file any certified statement required to be filed by it in connection with determining the amount of any assessment payable by the bank to the Corporation may be compellel to file such statement by mandatory injunction or other appropriate remedy in a suit brought for such purpose by the Corporation against the bank and any officer or officers thereof in any court of the United States of competent jurisdiction in the District or Territory in which such bank is located.

"(g) The Corporation, in a suit brought at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be entitled to recover from any insured bank the amount of any unpaid assessment lawfully payable by such insured bank to the Corporation, whether or not such bank shall have filed any such certified statement and whether or not suit shall have been brought to compel the bank to file any such statement. No action or proceeding shall be brought for the recovery of any assessment due to the Corporation, or for the recovery of any amount paid to the Corporation in excess of the amount due to it, unless such action or proceeding shall have been brought within five years after the right accrued for which the claim is made, except where the insured bank has made or filed with the Corporation a false or fraudulent certified statement with the intent to evade, in whole or in part, the payment of assessment, in which case the claim shall not be deemed to have accrued until the discovery by the Corporation that the certified statement is false or fraudulent: Provided, however, That where a cause of action has already accrued, and the period herein prescribed within which an action may be brought has expired, or will expire within one year from the date this amendment becomes effective, an action may be brought on such cause of action within one year from the effective date of this amendment: And provided further, That no action or proceeding shall be brought for the recovery of any assessment on deposits alleged to have been omitted from the assessment base of any insured bank for any year prior to 1945 except that any claim of the Corporation for the payment of any assessment may be offset by it against any claim of the bank for the overpayment of any assessment.

"(h) Should any national member bank or any insured national nonmember bank fail to file any certified statement required to be filed by such bank under any provision of this section, or fail to pay any assessment required to be paid by such bank under any provision of this Act, and should the bank not correct such failure within thirty days after written notice has been given by the Corporation to an officer of the bank, citing this subsection, and stating that the bank has failed to file or pay as required by law, all the rights, privileges, and franchises of the bank granted to it under the National Bank Act, as amended, the Federal Reserve Act, as amended, or this Act, shall be thereby forfeited. Whether or not the penalty provided in this subsection has been incurred shall be determined and adjudged in the manner provided in the sixth paragraph of section 2 of the Federal Reserve Act, as amended. The remedies provided in this subsection and in the two preceding subsections shall not be construed as limiting any other remedies against any insured bank, but shall be in addition thereto.

"(i) Trust funds held by an insured bank in a fiduciary capacity whether held in its trust or deposited in any other department or in another bank shall be insured in an amount not to exceed $10,000 for each trust estate, and when deposited by the fiduciary bank in another insured bank such trust funds shall be similarly insured to the fiduciary bank according to the trust estates represented. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, such insurance shall be separate from and additional to that covering other deposits of the owners of such trust funds or the beneficiaries of such trust estates: Provided, That where the fiduciary bank deposits any of such trust funds in other insured banks, the amount so held by other insured banks on deposit shall not for the purpose of any certified statement required under subsections (b) and (c) of this section be considered to be a deposit liability of the fiduciary bank, but shall be considered to be a deposit liability of the bank in which such funds are so deposited by such fiduciary bank. The Board of Directors shall have power by regulation to prescribe the manner of reporting and of depositing such trust funds.

"SEC. 8. (a) Any insured bank (except a national member bank or State member bank) may, upon not less than ninety days' written notice to the Corporation, and to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation if it owns or holds as pledgee any preferred stock, capital notes, or debentures of such bank, terminate its status as an insured bank. Whenever the Board of Directors shall find that an insured bank or its directors or trustees have continued unsafe or unsound practices in conducting the business of such bank, or have knowingly

or negligently permitted any of its officers or agents to violate any provision of any law or regulation to which the insured bank is subject, the Board of Directors shall first give to the Comptroller of the Currency in the case of a national bank or a District bank, to the authority having supervision of the bank in the case of a State bank, or to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the case of a State member bank, a statement with respect to such practices or violations for the purpose of securing the correction thereof and shall give a copy thereof to the bank. Unless such correction shall be made within one hundred and twenty days or such shorter period of time as the Comptroller of the Currency, the State authority, or Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as the case may be, shall require, the Board of Directors, if it shall determine to proceed further, shall give to the bank not less than thirty days' written notice of intention to terminate the status of the bank as an insured bank, and shall fix a time and place for a hearing before the Board of Directors or before a person designated by it to conduct such hearing, at which evidence may be produced, and upon such evidence the Board of Directors shall make written findings which shall be conclusive. Unless the bank shall appear at the hearing by a duly authorized representative, it shall be deemed to have consented to the termination of its status as an insured bank. If the Board of Directors shall find that any unsafe or unsound practice or violation specified in such notice has been established and has not been corrected within the time above prescribed in which to make such corrections, the Board of Directors may order that the insured status of the bank be terminated on a date subsequent to such finding and to the expiration of the time specified in such notice of intention. The Corporation may publish notice of such termination and the bank shall give notice of such termination to each of its depositors at his last address of record on the books of the bank, in such manner and at such time as the Board of Directors may find to be necessary and may order for the protection of depositors. After the termination of the insured status of any bank under the provisions of this subsection, the insured deposits of each depositor in the bank on the date of such termination, less all subsequent withdrawals from any deposits of such depositor, shall continue for a period of two years to be insured, and the bank shall continue to pay to the Corporation assessments as in the case of an insured bank during such period. No additions to any such deposits and no new deposits in such bank made after the date of such termination shall be insured by the Corporation, and the bank shall not advertise or hold itself out as having insured deposits unless in the same connection it shall also state with equal prominence that such additions to deposits and new deposits made after such date are not so insured. Such bank shall, in all other respects, be subject to the duties and obligations of an insured bank for the period of two years from the date of such termination, and in the event that such bank shall be closed on account of inability to meet the demands of its depositors within such period of two years, the Corporation shall have the same powers and rights with respect to such bank as in case of an insured bank.

"(b) Whenever the insured status of a State member bank shall be terminated by action of the Board of Directors, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall terminate its membership in the Federal Reserve System in accordance with the provisions of section 9 of the Federal Reserve Act, and whenever the insured status of a national member bank shall be so terminated the Comptroller of the Currency shall appoint a receiver for the bank, which shall be the Corporation. Whenever a member bank shall cease to be a member of the Federal Reserve System, its status as an insured bank shall without notice or other action by the Board of Directors, terminate on the date the bank shall cease to be a member of the Federal Reserve System, with like effect as if its insured status had been terminated on said date by the Board of Directors after proceedings under subsection (a) of this section.

"(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the Board of Directors shall determine that an insured banking institution is not engaged in the business of receiving deposits, other than trust funds as herein defined, the Corporation shall notify the banking institution that its insured status will terminate at the expiration of the first full semiannual assessment period following such notice. A finding by the Board of Directors that a banking institution is not engaged in the business of receiving deposits, other than such trust funds, shall be conclusive. The Board of Directors shall prescribe the notice to be given by the banking institution of such termination and the Corporation may publish notice thereof. Upon the termination of the insured status of any such banking institution, its deposits shall thereupon cease to be insured and the

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