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which he was created, was, the placing him in paradise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth (h), putting the creatures under his dominion (i), and ordaining marriage for his help (k); affording him communion with himself (1), instituting the sabbath (m), entering into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience (n), of which the tree of life was a pledge(o); and forbidding to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death (p).

Q. 21. Did man continue in that estate wherein God at first created him?

A. Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan transgressed the commandment of God, in eating the forbidden fruit; and thereby fell from the estate of innocency wherein they were created (q).

(h) Gen. 2. 8. 15. 16. And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. And the Lord God took the man and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it, and to keep it. And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat. (i) Gen. 1. 28. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. () Gen. 2. 18. And the Lord, God said, It is not good that the man should be alone: I will make him an help meet for him.

(1) Gen. 1. 29. And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed: to you it shall be for meat. Gen. 3. 8. And they heard the voice of

the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God amongst the trees of the garden.

(m) Gen. 2. 3. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work, which God created and made.

(n) Rom. 10. 5. For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth these things shall live by them.

(o) Gen. 2. 9. And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food: the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.

(P) Gen. 2. 17. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die.

(g) Gen. 3. 6. 13. And when the woman saw that the tree was

Q. 22. Did all mankind fall in that first transgression? A. The covenant being made with Adam, as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity; all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation (r), sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression (s). Q. 23. Into what estate did the fall bring mankind? A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery (t).

Q. 24. What is sin?

A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature (v).

Q 25. Wherein consisteth the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

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A. The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell consisteth in the guilt of Adam's first sin (w), the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that conti-

good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise; she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. Ecel. 7. 29. Lo, this only have I found, that God made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions. 2 Cor. 11. 3. But I fear lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.

(r) Acts 17. 26. And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and

the bounds of their habitation.

(8) Gen. 2. 16. And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: v. 17. Bet of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. (Compared with Rom. 5. 12, 20.)

(t) Rom. 5. 12. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned. Rom. 3. 23. For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.

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(v)1 John 3. 4. Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law for sin is the transgression of the law. (w) Rom. 5. 19. By one man's disobedience many were made sinners.

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nually(x); which is commonly called original sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions (y).

Q. 26. How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?

A. Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin (z).

Q. 27. What misery did the fall bring upon mankind? A. The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God (a), his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath (b), bond slaves to Satan (c), and justly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come (d).

Q. 28. What are the punishments of sin in this world? A. The punishments of sin in this world are either

(x) Rom. 3. 10. As it is written, There is none righteous, no not one. Eph. 2. 1. And you hath he quickened who were dead in trespasses and sins. Rom. 5. 6. For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. Rom 8. 7, 8. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. So then they that are in the flesh cannot please God. Gen. 6. 5. And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.

(y) James 1. 14, 15. But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.

(z) Psalm 51. 5. Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me. Job 14. 4. -Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one. Job 15. 14. What is man, that he should be clean? and he which

is born of a woman, that he should be righteous? John 3. 6. That which is born of the flesh, is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit, is spirit.

(a) Gen. 3. 10, 24. And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. So he drove out the man.

(b) Eph. 2. 2, 3. Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now work. eth in the children of disobedience. Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past, in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.

(c) 2 Tim. 2. 26. And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will.

(d) Rom. 6. 23. For the wages of sin is death: but the gift of God is eternal life, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Mat. 25. 41. Then shall be say also unto them

inward, as blindness of mind (e), a reprobate sense (ƒ), strong delusions (g), hardness of heart (h), horror of conscience (i), and vile affections (k); or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes (1), and all other evils that befal us in our bodies, names, estates, relations, and employments (m); together with death itself (n).

Q. 29. What are the punishments of sin in the world to come?

A. The punishments of sin in the world to come are everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell-fire for ever (o).

on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.

(e) Eph. 4. 18. Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart.

(f) Rom. 1. 28. Even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient.

(g) 2 Thes. 2. 11. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie.

(h) Rom. 2. 5. But after thy hardness and impenitent heart, treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God.

(i) Isa. 33. 14. The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites: who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who amongst us shall dwell with everlasting burnings? (k) Rom. 1. 26. For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into

that which is against nature.

(1) Gen. 3. 17. And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.

(m) Deut. 28. 15. to the end. But it shall come to páss, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee. v. 16. Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field. v. 17. Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store. v. 18. Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, &c.

(n) Rom. 6. 21, 23. What fruit had ye then in those things, whereof ye are now ashamed? for the end of those things is death. For the wages of sin is death.

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(o) 2 Thess. 1. 9. Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.

Q. 30. Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery (p), into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the covenant of works (q), but of his mere love and mercy delivereth the elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the covenant of grace (r).

Q. 31. With whom was the covenant of grace made? A. The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed (s). Q. 32. How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant ?

A. The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a mediator (t), and life and salvation by him (v), ånd requiring faith, as the condition to interest them in him (n),

(p) 1 Thess. 5. 9. For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ.

(9) Cal. 3. 10. For as many as are of the works of the law, are under the curse; for it is written, Cursed is every one that Continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the Jaw to do them.

(r) Tit. 3. 4. 7. But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appear

d. Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost. Which he shed on us abundantly, through Jesus Christ our Saviour. That being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

(s) Galatians 3. 16. Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as

of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. Isaiah 53. 10. Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many: for he shall bear their iniquities. 2 Samuel 23. 5. He hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things and sure.

(t) Isa. 42. 6. I the Lord have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and will give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles.

And this

(1 John 5. 11, is the record, that God hath given us eternal life; and this life is in his Son.

(w) John 3. 16. For God so.

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