be attained by the most extensive, firm, and reciprocal confidence; and his Britannic Majesty having made known his principles on this subject, and what he judges will most contribute to a happy result, and is most essential to the defence of the kingdom and of the peninsula; I have seen fit to order that you shall be immediately reduced to the number of three or two governors; ha tune; may it be an immense inextinguishable volcano, from which may flow torrents of patriotism, to revivify every part of this vast monarchy, to inflame all minds with that sublime enthusiasm which produces the safety and glory of pations, and the despair of tyrants. Raise yourselves, noble fathers of this country, to the elevation of your high duties, and Spain, exalted with you to an equally brilliant destiny, shall see reving a deliberate vote on all objects of turned into her bosom, for her happiness, Ferdinand VII. and his unfortupate family; shall see her sons enter into the path of prosperity and glory, which they ought henceforth to pursue, and receive the crown of the sublime and almost divine efforts which they are making! MARQUIS of ASTORGA, President. PEDRO DE RIVERO, Sec.-Gen. Royal Alcazar of Seville, Oct. 28. PORTUGAL. DECREE OF THE PRINCE REGENT OF Governors of the kingdom of Portugal FRIENDS!I, the Prince Regent, send unto you greeting, as unto those whom I love and prize. It being my principal care to secure, by every means possible, the independence of my dominions, and to deliver them completely from the cruel enemy who so inhumanly and contrary to the good faith of trea ties, has invaded the states of my.crown in Europe, and has never ceased making upon them the most unjust war; and as it is, on the one hand, acknowledged that, in such a difficult crisis, nothing can more contribute to the defence of the kingdom than a government com posed of a small number of individuals; and as, on the other, it is indispensable to preserve, with my ancient and faithful ally, the King of Great Britain, not only the best understanding, but like wise to prove to him, in the most evident manner, that my intentions are not different from those by which he is animated in the promotion of the common cause, that his Britannic Majesty may continue, in the same efficacious manner, to succour Portugal and the whole of the peninsula; and as it cannot be doubted that this glorious purpose, which I so ardently desire to effect, can only the public administration, and that these shall be-the Patriarch Elect of Lisbon, the Marquis das Minas, and the Marquis Monteiro Mor, President of the Board da Consciencia e Ordens, Don Francis Xavier da Cunha e Menezer, performing the functions of President of the Privy Council, to which place he is appointed by the present decree. It is further my pleasure to direct you to acknowledge Sir Arthur Wellesley as marshal general of thy armies, as long as he shall con tinue in the command of the allied Por tuguese and English forces, taking then his rank over Marshal Beresford, as commander in chief; and as soon as he shall have been recognised as such, you will invite him to all the sittings of government, in which matters come under discussion which concern the organis zation of the army, or important determinations, whether financial or others, which it may be necessary to adopt for the defence of the kingdom and of the whole peninsula; taking his opinion and advice on all subjects of that nature; and should he be absent in such cases, and not be able to assist at your delibe rations, you are to apply for his advice in writing, if possible, giving him full information on the subject under discussion, in order that he may be per fectly acquainted with your discussion and deterinination of matters of the above description. In this manner the affairs of government shall be conducted with the utmost energy and harmony, as long as unfortunately it shall not be pos sible to conclude a permanent and ge neral peace. His Britannic Majesty will thus be convinced that it is my earnest wish to eradicate the general vice of difference of opinion between the powers who make common cause; and he will be made perfectly acquainted with the orders which I have given, and shall continue to give, that the most strenuous efforts shall be made to attain that safe and permanent peace which is univer sally desired, by means of a grand dis play of all the forces and resources of my kingdom, which I can only flatter myself completely to recover by the most powerful means and exertions. "THE PRINCE." Palace of Rio Janeiro, the 6th July, 1809. To the Governor of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarve. AUSTRIA. PROCLAMATION OF THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA. Prague, Nov. 1. I have put an end to the war, in order to restore to my people the blessings of peace, and no longer to expose their prosperity to the fortune of uncertain events. You have shewn your fidelity, and your unshaken attachment in the midst of every danger, and thus have you drawn closer and made'still more indissoluble the ties which bind the sovereign to the happiness of his people. In my army, upon whose achievements I shall ever reflect with heartfelt gratitude, I recognise the supporters of my throne, and the protectors and guarantees of the future tranquillity of my subjects. In the three last sanguinary engagements, they acquired the esteem and admiration of the whole world. Your innumerable proofs of inflexible fidelity and attachment to my person, give you the strongest claims upon my affection; they are to you, the surest pledges of my gratitude. have already taken place, and the gratuities distributed to the troops, I have ordered a number of crosses of the order of Maria Theresa, and gold and silver medals of distinction, together with particular presents, to be distributed in each of my armies. I have also appointed a chapter of the order to be held, and nominated commissioners for disposing of the medals, in the presence of whom every individual, who is conscious of merit from distinguished acts of bravery, may assert his claim. One and all shall experience impartial justice. I confidently expect that they will continue to cherish the same spirit of discipline, ever allied with true valour; and the same patriotism and harmony with their fellow citizens, which have hitherto animated them; that their justly earned consciousness of their own worth and dignity shall not be impaired; and that one and all of their commanders shall zealously co-operate with me in maintaining that spirit of order and internal regulation, which can alone secure to us a permanent peace and the esteem of our neighbours. (Signed) FRANCIS. FRANCE. COPY OF A LETTER FROM THE FRENCH EMPEROR TO THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA. my Monsieur n Brother. The Duke of Vizenza informs me, that your Imperial Majesty wished for peace with Sweden, and that you have obtained the advan tages which you desired. Will your Majesty permit me to congratulate you upon the event! The negociations of Altenburgh have been transferred to Vienna. Prince John of Lichtenstein conducts them with M.de Champagny, and I expect I shall soon be able to inform your Majesty of peace being concluded with Austria. You will see by the treaty, that conformably to your wishes, the greater part of Gallicia will not change masters; and that I have managed your interests as you would 3 M have done yourself, conciliating every thing with what honour required of me. The prosperity and welfare of the Duchy of Warsaw require that it should possess the favourable regards of your Majesty; and your Majesty's subjects may rest assured that, in no case, nor under any circumstances, have they to expect any protection from me. I have given Austria the most advantageous peace that she could expect., She only loses Saltzburg, and a mere trifle on the side of the Inn. She cedes tia. nothing in Bohemia. On the side of Italy she cedes only what is indispensable for my communication with DalmaThe Austrian Monarchy, therefore, remains entire. This is the second experiment which I have been willing to make. I have used towards her a moderation which she had no right to expect. In this I hope I have done what is gratifying to your Majesty. I send your Majesty the English journals last received. You will there see, that the English ministers are fighting with each other; that there is a revolution in the ministry, and that all is per fect anarchy. The folly and absurdity of that cabinet are beyond description. They. have recently occasioned the destruction of from twenty-five to thirty thousand men in the most horrible country in the world; it would have been just as well to have thrown them into the sea; so pestilential are the marshes of Walclie ren! In Spain they have lost a very considerable number of men. General Wellesley has had the extreme imprudence to commit himself in the heart of Spain with 30,000 men, having on his flanks three armies, consisting of 90 battalions, and from 40 to 50 squadrons, whilst he had in his front the army commanded by the King, which was of equal force. It is difficult to conceive such an act of presumption. It remains at present to be ascertained who are to succeed the late ministry. The United States are on the worst terms with England, and seem disposed, sincerely and seriously, to approximate to our system. have I pray God, Monsieur, my brother, to you in his high and holy keeping. (Signed) NAPOLEON. Schoenbrunn, Oct. 10, 1809. Paris, Nov. 17-Yesterday the Emperor and King, surrounded by the princes, ministers, great officers, and officers of his household, received upon his throne at the palace of the Thuilleries, addresses from Rome and Tuscany ;, the former delivered by Le Duc Braschi, and the latter by Cardinal Zoudadari; to the former his Majesty returned the following answer. "Messieurs Deputies of the Departments of Rome!' My mind is filled with remembrances of your ancestors. The first time that I pass the Alps, I will make some stay in your city. The French Emperors, my predecessors, had separated you from the territory of the empire, and assigned your Country as a fief to your bishops. -But the welfare of my people no longer admits of any division whatever. France and Italy must be completely united under the same system. Besides, you had need of a powerful hand. I feel a particular satisfaction in being your benefactor. But it is not my intention that there shall be any the least change made in the religion of our fathers. I, the eldest son of the church, will not depart from her bosom. Jesus Christ did not deem it necessary to invest Saint Peter with a secular supremacy. Your see, the first of Christendom, shall remain such. Your bishop is the spiritual head of the church, in like manner as I am its Cæsar. I give to God that which is God's, and to Cæsar that which is Cæsar's." The Emperor then received the senate, the president of which, Le Comte de Garnier, delivered a speech and presented an address of congra tulation on the termination of the war with Austria; to which his Ma jesty returned the following answer. "SENATORS.-I thank you for the sentiments which you have expressed. Those days which I passed at a distance from France have been days lost to my happiness. My heart feels no satisfaction at a distance from my great family. That which I feel deeply, I wish to ex press. My people may have had princes more happy, more able, or more powerful, but they never had a sovereign who had more deeply engraven on his heart the love of France." The Emperor having descended from his throne, received in the saloon of the throne the homage and congratulations of the council of state, the court of cassation, the court of accounts, and the council of the university. After this audience his Majesty proceeded to the saloon of the palace, and received the court of appeal of Paris, the clergy, the courts of criminal justice, the municipal body of Paris, the staff, the calvinistic and lutheran consistories, and the institute. These different bodies were conducted to the audience in the accustomed forms by a master and aid of the ceremonies, and introduced to his Majesty by the grand master of the ceremonies. Speeches were delivered in the name of all these bodies. OPENING OF THE LEGISLATIVE EMPEROR AND KING. [From the Moniteur of Dec. 4.] Yesterday, at six in the morning, a discharge of artillery announced the solemnities that were to take place. At half past ten the Emperor left the Thuilleries to proceed to Notre Dame. He was in the coronation coach with his Majesty the King of Westphalia. The King of Naples, the princes, grand dignitaries, ministers, grand officers of the empire and of the crown, preceded his Majesty. The clergy received his Majesty at the entrance of the church, and he was conducted to the choir, under a canopy. The tribunals of the choir were occupied by her Majesty the Empress, the Imperial family, the Kings of Wirtemberg and Saxony, and the Queen of Westphalia. One of the almoners of his Majes, ty said the mass. His eminence Cardinal Fesch, grand almoner, celebrated Te Deum. His Majesty reconducted under the canopy, as on his entrance to the church, proceeded to the palace of the legislative body. The Emperor being seated, the members of the legislative body newly elect took the oaths; after which the Emperor made the following speech: "Gentlemen Deputies of depart ments to the Legislative Body. "Since your last session I have reduced Arragon and Castile to submission, and driven from Madrid. the fallacious government formed by England. I was marching upon Cadiz and Lisbon, when I was under the necessity of treading back my steps, and of planting my eagles on the ramparts of Vienna. Three months have seen the rise and termination of this fourth punic war! Accustomed to the devotedness and courage of my armies, I must nevertheless, under these circumstances, acknow ledge the particular proofs of affection which my soldiers of Germany have given me. "The genius of France conducted the English army-it has terminated its projects in the pestilential marshes of Walcheren! In that important period I remained 400 leagues distant, certain of the new glory which my people would acquire, and of the grand character they would display. My hopes have not been dcceived-I owe particular thanks to the citizens of the departments of the Pas de Calais and the North. Frenchmen! Every one that shall oppose you shall be conquered and ̧ reduced to submission. Your grandeur shall be increased by the hatred of your enemies. You have before you long years of glory and prosperity. You have the force and ener gy of the Hercules of the ancients. "I have united Tuscany to the empire. The Tuscans were worthy of it by the mildness of their character, by the attachments their ancestors have always shewn us, and by the services they have rendered to European civilization. "History pointed out to me the conduct I ought to pursue towards Rome: the Popes, become sovereigns of part of Italy, have constantly shewn themselves enemies of every preponderating power in the peninsula-they have employed their spiritual power to injure it. It was then demonstrated to me that the spiritual influence exercised in my states by a foreign sovereigh, was contrary to the independence of France, to the dignity and safety of my throne. However, as I acknowledge the necessity of the spiritual influence of the descendants of the first of the pastors, I could not con'ciliate these grand interests, but by annulling the donative of the French Emperors my predecessors, and by uniting the Roman states to France. By the treaty of Vienna, all the Kings and Sovereigns my allies, who have given me so many proofs of the constancy of their friendship, have acquired and shall acquire a fresh increase of territory. "The Illyrian Provinces stretch the frontiers of my great empire to the Save. Contiguous to the empire of Constantinople, I shall find my self in a situation to watch over the first interests of my commerce in the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and the Levant. I will protect the Porte, if the Porte withdraw herself from the fatal influence of England. I shall know how to punish her, if she suffer herself to be governed by cunning and perfidious counsels. 46 I have wished to give the Swiss nation a new proof of my esteem, by annexing to my titles that of their Mediator, and thus putting an end to all the uneasiness endeavoured to be spread among that brave people. "Holland, placed between England and France, is equally bruised by them. Yet she is the mouth of the principal arteries of my empire. -Changes will become necessary; the safety of my frontiers, and the well understood interests of the two countries, imperiously require them. "Sweden has lost, by her alliance with England, after a disastrous war, the finest and most important of her provinces. Happy would it have been for that nation, if the wise prince that governs her now had ascended the throne some years sooner! This example proves anew to kings that the alliance of England is the surest presage of ruin! "My ally and friend, the Empe ror of Russia, has united to his vast empire, Finland, Moldavia, Walla chia, and a district of Gallicia.-I am not jealous of any thing that can produce good to that empire. My sentiments for its illustrious sovereign are in unison with my policy. When I shall shew myself beyond the Pyrennees, the frightened leopard will fly to the ocean to avoid shame, defeat, and death. The triumph of my arms will be the triumph of the genius of good over that of evil; of moderation, order, and mo rality over civil war, anarchy, and the bad passions. My friendship and protection will, I hope, restore tranquillity and happiness to the people of the Spains. "Gentlemen, Deputies of Depart ments to the Legislative Body.—I have directed my minister of the interior to lay before you the history of the legislation, of the administration, and of the finances of the year just expired; you will see that all the ideas I had conceived for the amelioration of my people, have been followed with the greatest activitythat in Paris, as in the most distant parts of my empire, the war has not produced any delay in the public works. The members of my council of state will submit to you different |