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THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST PRICE OF STOCKS, From SEPTEMBER 26, to OCTOBER 24, 1809: inclusive. By JOHN HEMMING, Broker, No. S. Capel Court. Bartholomew Lane, London.

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M.B. The days omitted are Sundays, or Holidays.- -The blank spaces denote that nothing was done in that fund.P. stands for premium, and D. for Discount.

B. Flower, Printer, Harlow. ·

THE

MONTHLY REGISTER.

FOR NOVEMBER, 1809.

MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.

STATE BIGOTRY.

The following official document will shew the contracted policy of the new court of Rio Janeiro, which would support itself, not by the knowledge, oppulence, and happiness, but by the ignorance, poverty, and misery of its dependents.

ROYAL EDICT.

"September, 1, 1809.. "Paulo Fernandez Vianna, counsellor of his Royal Highness &c. and intendant-general of the police of the court and states of Brazil &c. makes known to all to whom these presents come, that it being of great importance to the public peace that all advices and printed notices which are exposed respecting books, and foreign works, should come to the knowledge of those authorities to whom the Prince-Regent, our lord, has confided the inspection of such works:-Be it therefore understood, that, from the present date, such publications, without permission, are not allowed to be made, and that all those who desire to give notice of works, and foreign writings, printed or not printed, are first to bring the advice or advertisement thereof, to the secretary of the intendant-general of the police, that the matter may be seen and examined, and that the license, indispensably necessary, be granted for the publication.Whoever shall dare to disobey, and give notice of such writing, native or foreign, without leave, shall be sept to the public gaol, and shall pay a penalty of two thousand rials, and a farther sum shall be paid by such who are by these means instruVOL. VI.

mental in breaking the public peace. For this purpose an open court shall be held, where the transgressors shall be tried, but secret denunciations shall be allowed against the offenders in certain cases!"

"PAULO FERNANDEZ VIANNA." On this singular document the Learned Native Jurist makes the following observations:

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Among other glaring inconsistencies in this edict there are two which are extremely obvious: the one is, that an intendant of police elevates himself to the rank of a legislator, and enacts fines under his sole authority; the other is, that contrary to the principles both of our own laws and of universal justice, he directs secret denunciations. We shall say something upon each of these, and then examine into the political tendency of such measures.

"It is an incontestible principle of right, that to distinguish what shall constitute crime, and what shall be the punishment of crime, is the exclusive province of the legislator, and the magistrate who arrogates to himself such a power is guilty of the heinous offence of high treason.Further, the agents who assist in the execution of such illegal acts promote a spirit of disorganization, dan gerous to the existence of the legitimate authorities of the state.

"The laws of Portugal are so strict in this principle, that the magistrate is not allowed the discretion of visiting similar offences with si milar punishments. It is necessary that the identity of the crime and of the punishment be determined by established law. (Ord. liv. ii. tit. 13.

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in fin pr.) The ground of this precision was because the magistrate being empowered to apply at discretion the criminal law, might establish penalties on his own authority, and thus infringe on the most sacred privilege of sovereignty.

"We shall not speak of the secret denunciations. We are astonished, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to see this expedient resorted to, because at the present day no such forms of accusation are practised in any criminal court whatever. The tendency of such a step in our day is to break the spirit of the people, and to disturb the tranquillity of the most virtuous citizen. (Becc. tom. i. p. 28. ed. Ven. 1781). Who can enjoy peace of mind or repose in the circle of his family, when it is in the power of any and of every malignant person secretly to denounce him to the officers of justice as a criminal, and the least of the evils the accused is on such occasions to suffer is to be arraigned before the magistrate, to be imprisoned in solitude, to undergo a system of interrogation like a public offender, and to suffer a thousand miseries in his own person and in his connections, before it will be possible for him to establish the purity of his own conduct. How is any man competent to escape the gripe of a secret enemy protected by public authority? Our laws have heen so humane on such subjects, that no testimony whatever was held to be valid not delivered in the presence of the person accused, that it might be confirmed or contradicted. (Ord.. liv. fi. tit. 62. § 1. and Ord. liv. iii tit. 24. § 20. and liv. iii. tit. 32. § 1.) "A moment's attention will expose the political tendency of such measures. When Cayenne was taken by the Portuguese, there were two printing presses in that colony. On this conquest it became necessary to determine whether these should exist or be abolished, such establishments being forbidden in the adjacent termitory of Brazil. They were cont

nued, and the Brazilians are to have discontents excited amongst them, because an adopted and vassal colony has obtained an unfortunate privilege they are not permitted to enjoy.

After commenting further on the injurious effects, the writer subsequently enters into a comparative view of the state of Portugal and her western colonies, in which he endeavours to shew the evil councils by which both have been guided, and the consequent adoption of a general system of oppression, of which this edict is a part, calculated to reduce the dominions of the Prince Regent both in Europe and America, under the power of Napoleon and his missionaries.

NATIONAL FINANCES.

30

There never was a period in the his tory of the country, when the subject of finance was more interesting than at present. The taxes come home to the business and bosom of every man: there is not one class in society to which their ramifications do not extend; and it is probably to the pressure of taxation, and the derangement of our financial system, that our inveterate enemy, Napoleon, chiefly looks forward as his best allies. The income and expenditure of the country are subjects interesting at all times, but particularly at the present; and we therefore propose to lay before our readers a concise view of our finances, for the year ended the 5th. of January, 1809, the full details of which were ordered, by the house of commons, to be printed in March last. GREAT BRITAIN.

Produce of the

Customs Excise Stamps

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Land and Assessed Taxes

Post Office
Duties on pensions
and salaries
Hackney coaches,
Hawkers, and
Pedlars

L. 9,514,131 0 8 19,824,315 9 0 4,821,865 0 0

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121,040 138

Money paid for in-
terest on loans
to Ireland
2,055,123 6 1
There are also various other smaller
items; and of the whole of the money
raised, the

Grand Total is To which add loans paid into the exchequer in 1808 Grand Total of

67,054,618 2 1

10,102,620 15 6

REVENUE OF IRELAND

For the year ended Jan. 5, 1809.
Gross receipt of
Taxes
Loans of the year

L.5,779,425 10 3

5,389,728 0 4

Total 11,169,153 10 7 With regard to the revenue of Ireland, it is important to observe, how great a proportion of it is raised by loan. The loans of Ireland bear the same proportion to the produce of the taxes as the loans of England would do, provided she had borrowed about 67 millions instead of ten and a half in the course of the year. But it would be difficult to say what aspect the finances of this country would wear, provided she were to borrow as much money every year as her revenue." This seems to shew that some new system is absolutely necessary with regard to Ireland, for the purpose of enabling her to raise more of the supplies within the year. Every man who -L.20,982,420 16 3 attends to the population and the rapid

Receipts - L.77,157,258 17 7

EXPENDITURE OF GREAT BRITAIN In the same year, ended Jan. 5, 1809. National Debt.

Interest and char

ges of manage

ment

Money applied to reduction of national debt Interest on exchequer bills

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10,188,606 16 6

ly increasing commerce of Ireland, must be convinced that taxation in that country is not nearly commensurate with her resources. Ireland seems also very deficient in the mode of collecting its revenue; for the unpaid balances at preTotal 32,781,590 9 7 sent in the hands of collectors amount to

1,610,562 16 6

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the sum of 375,4831. 11s. 4d. upon a revenue of between five and six millions, while similar balances in the hands of collectors in Britain, amount only to 354,1261, 5s. 4d. upon the prodigious revenue of 67 millions. The expence of the collection is also extremely different in the two countries; for while the post office revenue is collected in Scotland at the rate of 141. 10s. 2d. per cent. and for Great Britain generally at the rate of 231. 2s. 5d. the per centage on the Irish post office revenue is 451. 3s. 14d. which is not much less than 50 per cent

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We perceive your coming is to present thanks unto us: know, I accept them with no less joy, than your loves can have desire to offer such a present, and do more esteem it, than any treasure of riches; for those we know how to prize, but loyalty, love, and thanks, I account them invaluable and though God hath raised me high, yet this I account the glory of my crown, that I have reigned with your loves. This, makes that I do not so much rejoice, that God hath made me to be a Queen, as to be a Queen over so thankful a people, and to be the mean, under God, to conserve you in safety, and to preserve you from danger; yea, to be the instrument to deliver you from dishonour, shame, and infamy; to keep you from servitude, and from slavery under our enemies, and cruel tyranny, and

*

*The Pope and popish princes, espe cially the King of Spain.

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vile oppression, intended against us: for the better withstanding whereof, we take very acceptably your intended helps, and chiefly in that it manifesteth your loves, and largeness of heart to your sovereign. Of myself I must say this, I never was any greedy scraping grasper, nor a strict fast-holding prince, nor yet a waster; my heart was never set-upon any worldly goods, but only for my subjects good. What you do bestow on me, I will not hoard up, but receive it to bestow on you again; yea, my own properties I account yours, to be expended for your good, and your eyes shall see the bestowing of it for your welfare.

Mr. Speaker, I would wish you, and the rest to stand up, for, I shall yet trouble you with longer speech. Mr. Speaker, you give me thanks, but I am more to thank you, and I charge you, thank them of the lower house from me, for, had I not received knowledge from you, I might have fallen into the lapse of an error, only for want of, true information. Since I was Queen, yet did I never put my pen to any grant, but upon pretext and semblance* made me, that it was for the good and avail of my subjects generally, though a private profit to some of my ancient servants, who have deserved well; but that my grants shall be made grievances to my people, and oppressions, to be privileged under colour of our patents, our princely dignity shall not suffer it. When I heard it, I could give no rest unto my thoughts until I had reformed it, and those varlets, lewd persons, abusers of my bounty, shall know that I will not suffer it! And, Mr. Speaker, tell the house from me, I take it exceeding grateful that the knowledgo of these things are come unto me from them. And though, amongst them the principal members are such as are not touched in private, and

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