pathy and respect; and more especially does it behove Cornishmen to show their esteem and sorrow for their adventurous countryman. Whether to testify this natural sentiment, or to declare our admiration at the energy of mind which raised the departed, and his enterprising brother, from humble station to such enviable pre-eminence, or to evince that deep interest which every philanthropist and Christian must feel in all that concerns the civilisation of Africa, we are assured that there can be but one opinion as to the propriety of raising some lasting memorial of the travellers. The effects likely to result from their discoveries, followed up by such indomitable resolution as characterised Richard Lander, may be inferred from the melancholy circumstance that this courageous man has, in all probability, fallen a victim to the suspicions of those concerned in the atrocious slave-trade. But the grand object has been accomplished, though great the cost: the path now opened for mercantile enterprise will make plain the way for civilisation, freedom, and religion. Park, Denham, Ritchie, Clapperton, and Lander have led the forlorn hope against the seemingly impregnable fastnesses of African barbarism; and though each has perished, the cause of humanity has been advanced. At once, therefore, to celebrate the progress of discovery, and to record individual merit, it is proposed to erect a column in some conspicuous part of Truro, the birthplace of the Landers, which, while it commemorates the melancholy fate of one brother, will render a just tribute to both. And to this end it is intended to apply the amount already obtained for a testimonial of respect of another description; which sum, however, being inadequate, the committee appeals to the liberality of the county, confident that contributions will be immediately forthcoming, to render the memorial worthy of the occasion."

His Majesty has granted a pension of 70l. a year to Mr. Lander's widow (the daughter of Mr. William Hughes of London), and has made a donation of 50l. to his daughter.

We cannot better conclude than with the following extract of a letter from Mr. John Lander to the editor of "The Literary Gazette," to which publication we are indebted for a large portion of the materials of which the foregoing little memoir has been composed. The feelings expressed with so much simplicity of heart by Richard Lander's deeply-attached brother are honourable to him and to our common nature, and cannot be read without sympathy.

"Richard Lander was of short stature, but he possessed great muscular strength, and a constitution of iron. No stranger could help being struck, as Sir Joseph Banks was with Ledyard, with the breadth of his chest, the openness of his countenance, and the inquietude of his eye.'

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He was gifted, in an eminent degree, with that passive courage which is so requisite a qualification in an African traveller., His manners were mild, unobtrusive, and highly pleasing, which, joined to his cheerful temper, and ingenuous, handsome countenance, rendered him a favourite with every one that knew him, by most of whom he was beloved in the fullest sense of the word. The many distinguished individuals of the metropolis to whose society he was introduced after his return from the Niger discovery will subscribe to the truth of this assertion; but no one knows, to the fullest extent, except the companions of his boyhood, and the friends of his riper years, the unaffected benevolence of his character, and the excellence of his warm and generous heart. To them, and to every member of his disconsolate family, who were tenderly attached to him, his melancholy and most distressing fate will be the bitterest ingredient in the cup of life. So greatly was Richard Lander beloved by the untutored Africans, that, at various places in the interior, where he had remained some time, at Katunga, Boussà, Yàoorie, and other places, numbers of the inhabitants ran out of their huts to embrace him on his leaving their town; and, with hands uplifted, and eyes filled with tears, they blessed him in the name of their god. He has left a fatherless child, and an afflicted, brokenhearted widow, to mourn their distressing bereavement.

"How melancholy has been the fate of most travellers in Africa! The daring Ledyard, who had been a wanderer over a great part of the globe, fell a victim to the climate, not long after he first set foot on African soil; the brave but unfortunate Major Houghton, plundered and forsaken by the Moors of Ludamar, perished miserably in the wilderness; the justly-celebrated Mungo Park was attacked by the natives with spears and arrows, and terminated his career in the Niger; Major Denham escaped all the dangers of the vast and dreary Sahara, only to die at Sierra Leone; Belzoni, in an attempt to explore the Niger, fell a sacrifice to the climate of Berim. Many European travellers in Africa have never been heard of after setting out on their journey; the enterprising, kind-hearted Clapperton, borne down by disappointment, and by a languishing disorder that reduced him to a skeleton, breathed his last in a wretched hovel at Socatoo; and, to complete the list, owing to the sullen ferocity of a band of savages, Richard Lander is also gone down to the grave. But the fate of these brave men is not an inglorious one: their names are embalmed in the memory of their countrymen; and every friend of humanity and honourable enterprise will mourn over the melancholy termination of their labours

SIR JOHN MACLEOD was of the Raaza family; and his grandfather, Colonel Eneas Macleod, served with great distinction: in the campaigns and sieges of the Duke of Marlborough.

He was born on the 29th of January, 1752; joined the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, as a Cadet, in the year 1767; and obtained a commission as Second Lieutenant on the 15th of March, 1771.

On obtaining his commission, he was ordered to Gibraltar, where he had an opportunity, on a large scale, of viewing and practising the garrison duties of his profession.

In 1775 he sailed from England with the forces destined to suppress the colonial rebellion in North America. Little occurred on his first arrival in that country, beyond the usual events of ordinary service; but in 1781 he joined the force detached under Earl Cornwallis, which he accompanied into North Carolina, during an arduous march of above 600 miles, and had the good fortune to command the artillery engaged in the signal victory of Guilford, over the combined continental and American forces, on the 15th of March.

In describing his movements previous to the battle, Lord Cornwallis observes, "The woods on the right and left were reported to be impracticable for cannon: but as that on our right appeared to be most open, I resolved to attack the left wing of the enemy; and whilst my disposition was making

for that purpose, I ordered Lieutenant Macleod to bring forward the guns, and cannonade their centre."

Again, the despatch, describing a critical period of the battle, states that the second battalion of Guards, having defeated a corps of continental infantry, much superior in number, formed on the open field, and captured two 6-pounders; but pursuing with too much ardour, they became exposed to an attack from Washington's dragoons, with the loss of the 6-pounders they had taken: it then mentions that the enemy's cavalry were soon repulsed by a well-directed fire from the guns just brought up by Lieutenant Macleod; and on the appearance of the Grenadiers of the Guards, and the 71st regiment, the guns were soon recaptured.

The exertions of the artillery under Sir John Macleod's orders on this service, in overcoming the obstacles opposed to their advance by the difficulties of the country, will be best appreciated by Lord Cornwallis's description of the march of the army previous to the battle of Guilford: "their invincible patience in the hardships and fatigues of a march of above 600 miles, in which they have forded several large rivers, and numberless creeks, many of which would be reckoned large rivers in any other country in the world, without tents, and often without provisions, will sufficiently manifest their ardent zeal for the honour and interests of their sovereign and their country."

During the course of this service, Sir John Macleod had attained the rank of First Lieutenant (in July, 1779). His last letters from America are dated in 1781, just previous to his embarkation at New York to return to Europe.

In January, 1782, he was promoted to the rank of Second Captain.

On the return of the army to England, Lord Cornwallis, wishing to mark in a distinguished manner his sense of Sir John Macleod's services while under his orders, more particularly in the battle of Guilford, and in the professional resources he had shown in the difficulties attending the previous march of the army, named him to the King, and his Majesty