Elements of Mental Philosophy Enbracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Volume 1

Voorkant
Harper & Brothers, 1841

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Inhoudsopgave

Our first knowledge in general of a material or external origin
62
Of connatural or innate knowledge
69
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
76
THE SENSES OF SMELL AND TASTE
84
THE SENSE OF HEARING
90
Uses of hearing and its connexion with oral language
96
Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified
104
Measurements of magnitude by the
111
Of objects seen on the ocean
117
Objection to a reliance on the senses
123
Of mistakes as to the distances and magnitude of objects
129
Of the sense of touch and its sensations in general
134
CHAP VIIIHABITS OF SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
135
Of certain universal habits based on sounds
142
Of habits as modified by particular callings or arts
149
Muscular habits regarded by some writers as involuntary
155
Of the influence of habit on our conceptions
161
163
162
Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief
163
Conceptions which are joined with perceptions
165
Of the senses sinking to sleep in succession
166
Conceptions as connected with fictitious representations
167
SIMPLICITY AND COMPLEXNESS OF MENTAL STATES 122 Origin of the distinction of simple and complex
168
Nature and characteristics of simple mental states 124 Simple mental states not susceptible of definition 125 Simple mental states representative of a re...
169
Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings
172
The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood
173
Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind
174
Complex notions of external origin
175
Of objects contemplated as wholes
176
Something more in external objects than mere attributes or qual ities
177
ABSTRACTION 134 Abstraction implied in the analysis of complex ideas
180
Instances of particular abstract ideas
181
Mental process in separating and abstracting them
182
f generalizations of particular abstract mental states
183
Of the importance and uses of abstraction
184
GENERAL ABSTRACT IDEAS
185
Early classifications sometimes incorrect
186
Illustration of our earliest classifications
187
Of the nature of general abstract ideas
188
Objection sometimes made to the existence of general notions
190
The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c
191
Of general abstract truths or principles
192
Of different opinions formerly prevailing
193
Of the opinions of the Realists
194
Of the opinions of the Nominalists 195 151 Of the opinions of the Conceptualists
195
Further remarks of Brown on general abstractions 195
197
OF ATTENTION 153 Of the general nature of attention
198
Of different degrees of attention
199
Dependance of memory on attention
200
156
202
Alleged inability to command the attention CHAP XVDREAMING 202
203
Definition of dreams and the prevalence of them
204
Connexion of dreams with our waking thoughts
205
Dreams are often caused by our sensations
206
Explanation of the incoherency of dreams 1st cause
207
Second cause of the incoherency of dreams
208
Apparent reality of dreams 1st cause
209
Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause
210
VI Of relations of possession
211
VII Of relations of cause and effect
212
Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect
213
Remarks on instituted or conventional relations
214
Connexion of relative suggestion or judgment with reasoning
215
Reasons for considering this subject here
216
Meaning of association and illustrations
217
Of the general laws of association
218
DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART SECOND TH...
219
Resemblance in every particular not necessary
220
INTERNAL ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE 169 The soul has fountains of knowledge within
221
Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself
222
Opinions of Cudworth on the subject of internal knowledge
223
Further remarks of the same writer on this subject
224
Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary
225
Writers who have objected to the doctrine of an internal source of knowledge Page 213 214 216 Page
226
Secondary law of repetition or habit
227
Knowledge begins in the senses but has internal accessions
228
Instances of notions which have an internal origin
229
Imperfections attendant on classifications in mental philosophy
231
CHAP IIORIGINAL SUGGESTION 177 Import of suggestion and its application in Reid and Stewart
232
Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity
234
Origin of the idea of externality
236
Idea of matter or material existence
237
Origin of the idea of motion
238
Of the nature of unity and the origin of that notion
239
Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession
240
Origin of the notion of duration
241
Of time and its measurements and of eternity 186 Marks or characteristics of time
243
The idea of space not of external origin
245
The idea of space has its origin in suggestion
246
Characteristic marks of the notion of space
247
Of the origin of the idea of power
249
Origin of the idea of the first or primitive
250
Of the ideas of right and wrong
251
Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit
252
Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion
253
Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas CHAP III CONSCIOUSNESS 250 5
254
Consciousness the second source of internal knowledge its nature
256
Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness
257
Consciousness a ground or law of belief
258
Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness
259
210
270
Of our estimate of time in dreaming 211
271
273
273
DURATION OF MEMORY
275
281
281
Of association caused by present objects of perception 232 Causes of increased vividness in these instances
290
Association sometimes misleads our judgments
295
Casual association in respect to the place of sensation
296
Connexion of our ideas of extension and time
297
Of high and low notes in music
298
Connexion of the ideas of extension and colour
299
Tendency of the mind to pass from the sign to the thing signified
301
Whether there be heat in fire
302
Benefit of examining such connexions of thought
304
Power of the will over mental associations
305
Association controlled by indirect voluntary power 244 Further illustrations of indirect voluntary power CHAP VIII MEMORY
306
Of memory as a ground or law of belief
310
Of differences in the strength of memory
311
Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity in time and place
312
315
314
Of philosophic memory or that species of memory which is based on other relations than those of contiguity
315
Further illustrations of philosophic memory
317
Of that species of memory called intentional recollection
318
Instance illustrative of the preceding
319
257
325
258
327
259
329
261
330
262
331
263
333
Application of the principles of this chapter to education
337
Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning
344
Of reasoning ą posteriori
350
DEMONSTRATIVE REASONING
356
Of the influence of demonstrative reasoning on the mental char
362
Caution to be used in reasoning from analogy
368
375 376 299 Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion
374
Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject
375
Reject the aid of false arguments or sophisms
376
Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocal terms and phrases
378
On the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely
379
Of adherence to our opinions
380
Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth
381
Imagination an intellectual process closely related to reasoning
383
Definition of the power of imagination CHAP XIV IMAGINATION
384
Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination
385
Further remarks on the same subject
386
Illustration from the writings of Dr Reid 311 Grounds of the preference of one conception to another 312 Illustration of the subject from Milton 313 ...
387
288
389
Works of imagination give different degrees of pleasure
392
Importance of the imagination in connexion with reasoning
394
Explanation of the above misrepresentations of the imagination
397
Feelings of sympathy aided by the imagination 396
398
COMPLEX IDEAS OF INTERNAL ORIGIN 321 Of complex ideas of external origin
399
Nature of complex ideas of internal origin 323 Of complex notions formed by the repetition of the same thing
400
Of the help afforded by names in the combination of numbers
401
Instances of complex notions made up of different simple ideas
402
Not the same internal complex ideas in all languages
404
Origin of the complex notion of a Supreme Being
406
DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING
409
CONNEXION OF THE MIND AND BODY
411
The mind constituted on the principle of a connexion with the body
412
Illustration of the subject from the effects of old
413
The connexion of the bodily system with the mental shown from the effects resulting from diseases
414
Shown also from the effects of stimulating drugs and gases
415
Influence on the body of excited imagination and passion
416
This doctrine of use in explaining mental phenomena
417
EXCITED CONCEPTIONS OR APPARITIONS 335 Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general
418
Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sight
419
Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sound
421
Section Pago 338 First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the eye
422
Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions Neglect of periodical bloodletting
424
Methods of relief adopted in this case
426
Third cause of excited conceptions Attacks of fever
427
Fourth cause of apparitions and other excited conceptions In flammation of the brain
428
Facts having relation to the fourth cause of excited conceptions
429
Fifth cause of apparitions Hysteria
430
PARTIAL INSANITY 345 Meaning of the term and kinds of insanity
431
Of disordered or alienated sensations
432
Of disordered or alienated external perception
433
Disordered state or insanity of original suggestion
434
Unsoundness or insanity of consciousness
435
Insanity of the judgment or relative suggestion
436
Disordered or alienated association Lightheadedness
437
Of partial insanity or alienation of the memory
438
Of the power of reasoning in the partially insane 440
440
Instance of the above form of disordered reasoning
441
Of readiness of reasoning in the partially insane
442
Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination
443
Insanity or alienation of the power of belief
444
TOTAL INSANITY OR DELIRIUM 359 Idea of total insanity or delirium
446
Of perception in cases of total or delirious insanity
447
Illustration of the above section
448
Of the memory in connexion with delirious insanity
449
Of the power of reasoning in total or delirious insanity
450
Of the form of insanity called furor or madness
451
Of moral accountability in mental alienation
452
Of the imputation of insanity to individuals
453
369
454

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Populaire passages

Pagina 71 - For the invisible things of God from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead...
Pagina 199 - The crow doth sing as sweetly as the lark, When neither is attended ; and, I think The nightingale, if she should sing by day, When every goose is cackling, would be thought No better a musician than the wren.
Pagina 220 - ... as we do from bodies affecting our senses. This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself; and though it be not sense, as having nothing to do with external objects, yet it is very like it, and might properly enough be called internal sense.
Pagina 330 - Lulled in the countless chambers of the brain, Our thoughts are linked by many a hidden chain. Awake but one, and lo, what myriads rise ! * Each stamps its image as the other flies.
Pagina 204 - IN Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree : Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. So twice five miles of fertile ground With walls and towers were girdled round : And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree ; And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots...
Pagina 389 - Invention is one of the great marks of genius ; but if we consult experience we shall find, that it is by being conversant with the inventions of others that we learn to invent, as by reading the thoughts of others we learn to think.
Pagina 392 - He was passionately fond of the beauties of nature ; and I recollect once he told me, when I was admiring a distant prospect in one of our morning walks, that the sight of so many smoking cottages gave a pleasure to his mind, which none could understand who had not witnessed, like himself, the happiness and the worth which they contained.
Pagina 417 - The sooty films that play upon the bars Pendulous, and foreboding in the view Of superstition, prophesying still, Though still deceived, some stranger's near approach.
Pagina 220 - Secondly, the other fountain from which experience furnisheth the understanding with ideas is,— the perception of the operations of our own mind within us, as it is employed about the ideas it has got;— which operations, when the soul comes to reflect on and consider, do furnish the understanding with another set of ideas, which could not be had from things without. And such are perception, thinking, doubting...
Pagina 397 - ... his children — But here my heart began to bleed, and I was forced to go on with another part of the portrait.

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