BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

THE most useful single work of reference on education in America is the Cyclopedia of Education (1911-13), 5 vols., edited by Paul Monroe, Professor of the History of Education in Columbia University. The articles by more than a thousand individual contributors give a list of the best books on each topic which may be used as a guide to further reading. The annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education (usually obtainable from Washington for the asking) is now issued in two volumes: the first contains reports of all important movements in education here and abroad, with accounts or abstracts of conventions, surveys, legislation, books, and similar matter; the second volume contains the statistics of schools of all grades. These volumes really form an annual encyclopedia and current history of education. Besides this work, the Bureau of Education publishes various historical monographs in the form of circulars and bulletins and a monthly bibliography of educational literature.

The series of twenty brief monographs on Education in the United States (1900), 2 vols., prepared under the editorship of Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University, for the Paris Exposition of 1900, gives a survey of the field at that date with some

historical background. Those who wish to explore more thoroughly the byways of educational history will find of interest the special studies in the volumes of Henry Barnard's American Journal of Education (1855-1882), 32 vols. Richard G. Boone's Education in the United States (1889) and Edwin G. Dexter's History of Education in the United States (1904) are detailed chronicles in the general field of American education. But for later and more adequate studies the reader should consult the monographs in the Columbia University Contributions to Philosophy, Psychology, and Education; and Columbia University, Teachers College, Contributions to Education. A valuable special study. on land grants and other public endowments is Frank Blackmar's History of Federal and State Aid to Higher Education (1890).

Three useful works by Frank Pierrepont Graves of the University of Pennsylvania -The History of Education in Modern Times (1913), A Student's History of Education (1915), and Great Educators of Three Centuries (1912)-relate American education with the educational history of Europe. In this connection should also be mentioned Will S. Monroe's important History of the Pestalozzian Movement in the United States (1907). The History of Higher Education in America (1906), by Charles F. Thwing of Western Reserve University, is a good narrative of college and university development made especially interesting by quotations from contemporaries and by accounts of college life. For those interested in the relation of American education to the strife of political parties and social classes no better book could be recommended than Frank Tracy Carlton's Economic

Influences upon Educational Progress in the United States, 1820-1850 (1908).

For contemporaneous records and pictures of school life the reader can find what he wants in such books as W. H. Small's Early New England Schools (1914), Clifton Johnson's Old Time Schools and School Books (1904), and Emily N. Vanderpoel's Chronicles of a Pioneer School (1903).

A. E. Winship's Great American Educators (1900), a volume of brief biographies for school reading, will be found by adults quite as profitable as less interesting books. Those who care to study more closely the lives of leading educators will find available abundant material impossible to list in this place. Few educators of note have gone without their Boswell, and some, such as Horace Mann, have become the theme of a veritable library. There are also special histories for every important college and university. Great American Universities (1909), by Edwin E. Slosson, gives journalistic impressions of fourteen leading American institutions.

On Catholic education the reader should consult The Catholic Encyclopedia (1907-12), 15 vols.; the works of the Reverend James A. Burns, The Catholic School System in the United States (1908), Catholic Education (1917), and Growth and Development of the Catholic School System in the United States (1912); and also the History of the Catholic Church in the United States by J. G. Shea (1886-92), 4 vols. The fascinating story of the Kentucky pioneer priests may be found in Sketches of the Early Catholic Missions in Kentucky (1844) by M. J. Spalding and in the lives of Nerinckx by Howlett and Maes.

For a more detailed account of the Catholic teaching communities, founded and organized by remarkable women, the reader should consult: M. A. McCann, The History of Mother Seton's Daughters (1917); Mary Aloysia Hardey, Religious of the Sacred Heart (1910); Anna B. McGill, The Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, Kentucky (1917); George Parsons Lathrop, A Story of Courage (1894); M. J. Brunowe, The College of Mt. St. Vincent (1917).

In the footnotes to the body of this volume the attentive reader will have found several references to other books dealing with various special topics. In addition to the biographies of educators and chronicles of schools and colleges, there are monographs on educational history for most parts of the Union and even on the school systems of important towns and cities. Will S. Monroe's Bibliography of Education (1897) will help the conscientious student to find his way through the forest of earlier educational literature, and the current files of educational periodicals will enable him to keep abreast with the incessant output of new works in the same field.

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