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I. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION, 1-25.-Tragedy of the Refor-
mation, its causes: ambition of the Church, 3; moral influence of the
Church, 5. Indulgences, 8. Luther: his experience, 9; at Worms, 10;
his followers, 12. Justification by Faith, 14. Reformation-period, 18.
Results: individualism, 20; relation to society, 22; weakness and
strength of Protestantism, 24.

II. THE CATHOLIC REACTION, 26-47. - Two reformations, 27. Prot-
estant errors, 29. New Religious Orders: Theatines, 32; Jesuits (Loy-
ola), 33. The Inquisition, 36. Borromeo, 39. Campaign of the Church,
40. Its policy, 42. Its self-limitation, 44.

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III. CALVINISM, 48-73. — Its decay, 49. Calvin, 51; his creed, 52.
Spirit of the time, 54. Natural and moral evil, 56. The creed a weapon,
59; objects of attack: Rome, 60; Art, 62. Aggressive force, 65; Sab-
batarian spirit, 67; missionary spirit, 68. Its destiny, 69. Modern rep-
resentatives, 70.

IV. THE PURITAN COMMONWEALTH, 74-99. Political ideal, 75.
Republicanism in England, 76; the Puritans, 79; Independents, 80.
New England colony, 81. France: the Huguenots, 84. Cromwell, 86.
Milton, 87: his political faith, 91; Areopagitica, 93; last appeal, 95. The
Restoration, 96. Nonconformists, 97.

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-Century

V. PORT ROYAL, 100-125. — Jacqueline Arnauld, 101. The commu-
nity, 103. The confessional, 105. Two Port Royals, 106. Jansenist
controversy, 107. Molina, 109. Pascal, 112: Thoughts, 115; knowledge
and faith, 118. Provincial Letters, 121. Age of Louis XIV., 123.
VI. PASSAGE FROM DOGMA TO PURE REASON, 126–154.
of controversy, 126. Authority of Scripture, 127. Idea of Revelation,
128. Appeal to Reason, 130. Doctrine of Decrees, 133. Descartes, 135:
his method, 136; its limitations, 138; ideas, 139; substance and attri-
bute, 140, 146; matter and spirit, 141. Spinoza, Leibnitz, 143. Male-
branche, Berkeley, 144. Hume, 147. Kant, 150. Results of Kantian
movement, 152.

VII. ENGLISH RATIONALISM, 155-184. - Freedom of English thought,
156. Era of Elizabeth, 157. Hobbes, 159. Locke, 160: his "Reason-

ableness," 163; its limitations, 165. Cudworth, 166. Influence of New-
ton, 167. Clarke, 168. Butler, 170. Eighteenth-century theology, 174.
Deistical controversy, 176. Results: historical method, 181; Broad-
church liberalism, 182.

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VIII. INFIDELITY IN FRANCE, 185-213. The Gallican Liberties;
Edict of Nantes, 187. Church and King, 189. Dragonnades, 190. The
Revocation, 191. Regency, 193. Sacred Heart, 195. Convulsionnaires,
196. Bayle, 198. The Encyclopedists, 199. Persecution: Calas, 201:
La Barre, 202. Voltaire, 203. Rousseau, 206. Revolutionary creed,
208. Napoleon's Concordat, 211.

IX. THE GERMAN CRITICS, 214-241. ·

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Authority and use of the

Strauss, 232.

Bible, 215. Owen, 216. Earlier criticism, 218. Lessing, 219–226. The
"Fragments," 222. Later schools, 226. Paulus, 229.
Baur, 235. Historical criticism: its present task, 239.

X. SPECULATIVE THEOLOGY, 242-271.- Ecclesiastical revival, 243.
Ultramontanism, 244; Tractarianism, 245. Jacobi, 246; value of his
method, 249; an act of Faith, 250. Schleiermacher, 254: his early
training, 255; Discourses, 258. Data of Christian consciousness, 260;
of the Religious consciousness, 262. Speculative theism, 264. The law
of holiness, 267. Service of Schleiermacher, 269.

XI. THE REIGN OF LAW, 272-309. — Earlier conception: Hooker,
273. Bacon, 274. Galileo, 275. Kepler, 276. Newton, 277. True idea
of Law, 281. Chemical affinity, 285. Law as ultimate fact, 290. Comte,
293: his development of the idea of Law, 295; his religion of human-
ity, 299. Materialism and Idealism, 301. Religious conception, as
grounded on the sense of moral freedom, 303. Practical results, 306.

Abolitionists, 15, 42, 68.
Absolute, idea of, 149, 152.
Affinity, in chemistry, 286.
Analogy (Butler), 171–174.

Berkeley, 144-147.

Bible, authority of, 22, 127, 215.
Bohemia, Hussite war, 4, 255.
Borromeo, 39, 46.

Anselm: on justification, 9; on di- Bossuet, 123, 125, 192.

vine existence, 139.

Areopagitica (Milton), 93.

Arminian controversy,

133.

Broad Church, 182.

Bruno, Giordano, 137, 157.

Burns, 70.

Arnauld: Jacqueline, 101-103; An- Butler, 170-174, 180.

toine, 103, 121, 123, 192.

Art and Religion, 62–65.

Authority of Church, 5, 44; of Bi-

ble, 6, 127, 215; of creed, 22.

Calas, 186; story of, 201.

Calvin, 51-54, 58, 67.

CALVINISM, 48-73, 108, 110, 132.
Cambrésis, treaty of, 84.

Bacon, 75,77, 80, 153, 158, 167, 274. Caraffa (Paul IV.), 32, 37,

Baur, F. C., 235.

Bayle, 198.

Carlyle, 71, 86, 185, 199.

Carranza (Archb'p of Toledo), 37.

INDEX.

Casuistry, 107, 121:
Catholic Church (modern), as a po-
litical power, 4; its hold on its
subjects, 5; its blunder, 7; its
aims, 28, 40; its temper, 42-45;
inferior clergy, 45.
CATHOLIC REACTION (of Sixteenth
Century), 26-47; (of Nineteenth),

244.

Chalmers, 70, 251, 252.
Chemical affinity, 285-288.
Clarke, Samuel, 168-170.
Coleridge, 98, 216, 270.
COMMONWEALTH (Puritan), 74–99.
Comparative study of religions, 239.
Comte, 284, 293–301.

Concordat of Napoleon, 211, 244.
Confessional, power of, 104.
Congregationalism in New Eng-
land, 82, 83.
Constitutional clergy of France,
210, 211.

Conviction of sin, how related to
religious belief, 250.
Convulsionnaires, 115, 196.
Correggio, 64.

Cosmic theism, 264, 305.

Criticism, task of, 215, 226, 241;

textual, 217; birth of, 219.

Cromwell, 86.

Cudworth, 166.

Dalton, laws of chemistry, 285.
Declaration of Gallican liberties,
124, 187.

Dissent in England, 98.
Dort, Synod of, 81, 133.
Dragonnades, 190.
Dubois, 186, 193.

317

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Henry IV. (of France), 62, 86, 101,
122.

Herbert, Lord Edward, 158.
Hierarchy of the Sciences, 297.

Decrees (divine), doctrine of, 52, Historical method in criticism, 181,

108, 109, 132.

Deistical controversy,

176-182;

writers, 178; result, 183.
Democracy in Europe, its origin,
75, 84; its creed, 208.⚫
Descartes, 130, 135-142, 156.
Design in nature, 290.

Discipline in the Roman Church,

27, 43, 45, 105.
Discoveries in America, 75.

235-238, 240.
Hobbes, 159, 208.

Holy Thorn, miracle of, 115.
Hooker, praise of Law, 273.
Huguenots in France, 85, 188.
Hume, 147-149, 150, 155, 177, 178.
Hymns of the Reformers, 13.

Idealism, 145, 146, 302.
Imputation, doctrine of, 9.

Independents in England, 80, 86.
Indulgences, theory of, 8.
Infallibility, 26, 41, 107, 111, 244.
INFIDELITY IN FRANCE, 185-213.
Inquisition, 36-40, 244.

Jacobi, 246-254.

Jansen, 109.

sy, 107-111.

Middleton, 176, 178.
Mill, J. S., 15, 290, 297.
Milton, 87-96, 161, 163.
Missionary spirit, 35, 68.

Molina, 108; his doctrine, 109, 110,
122, 133.

Molinos, 134.

Montesquieu, 194, 199.

Jansenist doctrine, 133; controver- Moral freedom, as basis of religious

ideas, 304.

Jansenists, a persecuting party, 201, Moravian Brethren, 255.

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Latitude-men, 166.

Mythology (Greek), 64.

Nantes, Edict of, 187; revocation,

191.

Netherlands, war of, 66, 81.
New England colony, 66, 81-83.
Newton, 156, 167, 277-281.
Nonconformists, 97.

Obedience as a moral act, 134.
Oceana (Harrington), 78.
Organization in Roman Church, 30.
Orleans Regency, 193.
Osiandrian controversy, 131,

Owen (John), 216.

Law, conceptions of, 273, 281, 295; Paganism, 7; in art, 63.

verification of, 292.

Leibnitz, 143, 156, 284.
Lessing, 219-226.
Leverrier, 292.

Liberalism, contrasted with Calvin-
ism, 50; in English Church, 182.
L'Infâme, 202, 205.
Locke, 160-166, 179, 209.
Louis XIV., 111, 123, 187-192.
Loyola, 33-38.

Luther, on indulgences, 8; at Rome,
9; at Worms, 10; his position, 11,
131; his compromises, 29.

Malebranche, 144.

Marburg, conference of, 20, 29.
Melanchthon, 27, 42, 128, 133.
Metaphysics discredited, 149.

Paley, 175.

Pascal, 105, 112-122; Thoughts,

115; knowledge and faith, 118;
Provincial Letters, 121.

PASSAGE FROM DOGMA TO PURE
REASON, 126-154.
Paulus, 229-232.

Persecution in Roman Church, 36-
40, 46, 105, 127; under Louis
XIV. 188-193; later examples,
194, 201.
Physiology, facts of, 289.
Plymouth Colony, 81-83.
PORT ROYAL, 100-125.
Positive Philosophy, 294, 296.
Predestination, 59, 108, 132.
Presbyterians in England, 80, 83,
86, 96.

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