more.

should say that, now it was all over, I thought the North was wrong and the result of the war a mistake, and that I was prepared to suppress my political opinions. I believe most profoundly that the war on our side was eternally right, that our victory was the salvation of the country, and that the results of the war were of infinite benefit to both North and South. But, however we differed, or still differ, as to the causes for which we fought then, we accept them as settled, commit them to history, and fight over them no To the men who fought the battles of the Confederacy we hold out our hands freely, frankly, and gladly. To courage and faith wherever shown we bow in homage with uncovered heads. We respect and honor the gallantry and valor of the brave men who fought against us, and who gave their lives and shed their blood in defense of what they believed to be right. We rejoice that the famous general whose name is borne upon your banner was one of the greatest soldiers of modern times, because he, too, was an American. We have no bitter memories to revive, no reproaches to utter. Reconciliation is not to be sought, because it exists already. Differ in politics and in a thousand other ways we must and shall in all good nature, but let us never differ with each other on sectional or state lines, by race or creed.

We welcome you, soldiers of Virginia, as others more eloquent than I have said, to New England. We welcome you to old Massachusetts. We welcome you to Boston and to Faneuil Hall. In your presence here, and at the sound of your voices beneath this historic roof, the years roll back and we see the figure and hear again the ringing tones of your great orator, Patrick Henry, declaring to the first Continental Congress, "The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am no Virginian, but an American." A distinguished Frenchman, as he stood among the graves at Arlington, said: "Only a great people is capable of a great civil war." Let us add with thankful hearts that only a great people is capable of a great reconciliation. Side by side, Virginia and Massachusetts led the colonies into the War for Independence. Side by side they founded the government of the United States. Morgan and Greene, Lee and Knox, Moultrie and Prescott, men of the South and men

of the North, fought shoulder to shoulder, and wore the same uniform of buff and blue, the uniform of Washington.

Your presence here brings back their noble memories, it breathes the spirit of concord, and unites with so many other voices in the irrevocable message of union and good will. Mere sentiment all this, some may say. But it is sentiment, true sentiment, that has moved the world. Sentiment fought the war, and sentiment has reunited us. When the war closed it was proposed in the newspapers and elsewhere to give Governor Andrew, who had sacrificed health and strength and property in his public duties, some immediately lucrative office, like the collectorship of the port of Boston. A friend asked him if he would take such a place. "No," said he; "I have stood as high priest between the horns of the altar, and I have poured out upon it the best blood of Massachusetts, and I cannot take money for that." Mere sentiment truly, but the sentiment which ennobles and uplifts mankind. It is sentiment which so hallows a bit of torn, stained bunting, that men go gladly to their deaths to save it. So I say that the sentiment manifested by your presence here, brethren of Virginia, sitting side by side with those who wore the blue, has a far-reaching and gracious influence, of more value than many practical things. It tells us that these two grand old Commonwealths, parted in the shock of the Civil War, are once more side by side as in the days of the Revolution, never to part again. It tells us that the sons of Virginia and Massachusetts, if war should break again upon the country, will, as in the olden days, stand once more shoulder to shoulder, with no distinction in the colors that they wear. It is fraught with tidings of peace on earth, and you may read its meaning in the words on yonder picture, "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable."

3. Short Quantity.

This is the shortest prolongation of sound consistent with the requirements of articulation; for all words, however short, must be given sufficient Quantity to be heard. We recognize short Quantities in the clapping of hands, the popping of firecrackers, or the beat of the drum, all of which are significant in expression.

In speech words are often made emphatic by the very shortness of the Quantity; such words as stop, don't, quit, back, kick, pop, cut, stroke, and dash would be given an opposite meaning if uttered in Long Quantity.

Short Quantity may be given on any sound, but for emphatic purposes its most effective use is on the immutable syllables (p. 28). It expresses such states of mind as joy, laughter, impatience, contempt, fright, and excited anticipation.

Law of use: Select the special words expressive of the sentiment, give them with short Quantity, and the appropriate coloring of the entire passage will be evident.

Selection for Short Quantity.

NOTE. As a rule it is less difficult to secure a correct rendition of Short than of Long Quantity; but in many cases it is necessary to practice Short Quantity to break up sluggishness of speech often heard in the schoolroom. In the following selection such words as coot, sudden, sparkle, hurry, bicker, slip, little, shatter, bubble, fret, glance, etc., should be given as a drill in Short Quantity and this practice applied when the selection is given as a whole.

SONG OF THE BROOK

ALFRED TENNYSON

I come from haunts of coot and hern,
I make a sudden sally,

And sparkle out among the fern,
To bicker down a valley.

By thirty hills I hurry down,
Or slip between the ridges,
By twenty thorps, a little town,
And half a hundred bridges.

Till last by Philip's farm I flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.

I chatter over stony ways,
In little sharps and trebles,
I bubble into eddying bays,
I babble on the pebbles.

With many a curve my banks I fret
By many a field and fallow,
And many a fairy foreland set

With willow-weed and mallow.

I chatter, chatter, as I flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.

I wind about, and in and out,
With here a blossom sailing,
And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling;

And here and there a foamy flake
Upon me, as I travel

With many a silvery waterbreak
Above the golden gravel,

And draw them all along, and flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.

I steal by lawns and grassy plots,
I slide by hazel covers;
I move the sweet forget-me-nots
That grow for happy lovers;

I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,
Among my skimming swallows;
I make the netted sunbeams dance
Against my sandy shallows;

I murmur under moon and stars
In brambly wildernesses;
I linger by my shingly bars;
I loiter round my cresses;

And out again I curve and flow

To join the brimming river;

For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.

4. Vocal Culture of Quantity.

NOTE. Aside from the application of the elements in the selections given, the student should engage in a systematic drill in vocal culture, that he may apply the elements unconsciously and naturally in practical speaking. There is little or no vocal culture in Pauses, but in Quantity the following exercises, which should be practiced before the reading lesson, will be found helpful and sufficient for this element. Account must be taken of the intrinsic time value of sounds and syllables, lest one fall into the habit of drawling on the one hand or of a choppy utterance on the other.

(1) Give the Continuant sounds ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, l, m, n, ng, and r with pure voice, prolonging each sound as much as possible without drawling it.

(2) Give the Stopt sounds ă, ě, ž, č, ŭ, p, t, s, in the shortest Quantity consistent with distinctness.

(3) Practice the swell of the voice in notes of song on the Continuant sounds ē, ä, a, ō, l, m, n.

(4) Pronounce distinctly with the longest consistent Quantity the following words: toll, tone, true, march, all, catch, beat, arm, full, blood, love, home, hut, mother.