hardly reckoned a fault, and the preservation of a pure Anglo-Saxon style has consequently become a positive excellence.

The following are barbarisms in respect to the use of words not authorized: approbate, eventuate, heft, jeopar dize, missionate, preventative, reluctate, repetitious, peek for peep, numerosity, effluxion, inchoation, anon, behove, erewhile, whenas, peradventure, obligate, memorize, bating, pending, hearken.

Barbarisms in inflection: Stricken* for struck, het for heated, pled for pleaded, lit for lighted, provent for proved, had'nt ought for ought not, had rather have gone for would rather have gone, have drank for have drunk, have began. Barbarisms in derivation: Deputize, happify, firstly for first, illy for ill.

Barbarisms in compound words: Sidehill for hill-side, sundown for sunset, fellow-countrymen for countrymen, selfsame.

MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES.

The court of Augustus has not wore off the manners of the republic.—Hume.

I had no sooner drank, but I found a pimple rising in my forehead.-Tatler.

Which some philosophers, not considering so well as I, have mistook to be different in their causes.-Swift.

I easily foresee, that, as soon as I lay down my pen, this nimble spectater will have stole it.—Id.

The queen, whom it highly imported that the two monarchs should be at peace, acted the part of mediator.

• Poetic use. Many words are admissible in poetry which must be pronounced barbarisms in prose.

+ Technical use.

Colloquial use.

The hauteur of Florio was very disgracious, and disgusted both his friends and strangers.

§ 290. A fault in respect to the settled arrangement or construction of words in a sentence, or an offense against the syntax of a language is denominated a SOLECISM.

It is obvious from the definition that a solecism may be committed in respect to any one of the various principles of syntax. The following will suffice as exemplifications under the mor generic heads:

"

1. In the use of adjectives: "the most extreme," most straitest," "more preferable."

2. In the use of nouns and pronouns:

a. In concord; "Each will observe their turn," for his turn"; "If any one transgresses, let them be," &c.; "At Smith's the bookseller."

b. In government; "I supposed it to be he," for "to be

him."

3. In the use of verbs:

a. In concord; "The amount of all the expenditures and disbursements far exceed," &c.; "He dare not do it," for " dares," "Would to God," for "Would God."*

4. In the use of conjunctives, including conjunctions proper and relatives.

"He told the same story as you," for "that you"; "Equally as," for "equally with ";

"Neither flatter or contemn the rich," for "nor”; "No more is meant but that," for "than";

* Dr. Campbell attributes the introduction of this solecism to an improper imitation of the French expression Plut a Dieu.” "Would God," as equivalent to "I wish, or pray, that God would," is the preferable form.

"Persons will not believe but what” for “but that"; "Solomon, the son of David, who built the temple.” 5. In the use of prepositions:*

"She is free of pain,” for “from pain";

"In pursuance to the”;

"By the observing these precepts," for "of these precepts."

6. In the use of adverbs:

Second, third, &c., for secondly, thirdly, &c.

MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES.

Removing the term from Westminster, sitting the Parliament, was illegal.—Macaulay.

We need not, nor do not, confine the purposes of God.

Bently.

I shall endeavor to live hereafter suitable to a man in my station.

Addison.

He behaved himself conformable to that blessed example.

Sprat.

I can never think so very mean of him.—Bently. The chiefest of which was known by the name of Archon among the Grecians-Dryden.

The author is informed, that the bookseller has prevailed on several gentlemen to write some explanatory notes, for the goodness of which he is not to answer, having never seen any of them, nor intends it, till they appear in print.

Swift. Nor is it then a welcome guest, affording only an uneasy sensation, and brings always with it a mixture of concern and compassion.-Fielding.

Base, ungrateful boy! miserable as I am, yet I cannot cease to love thee. My love even now speaks in my resentment. I am still your father, nor can your usage form my heart anew.--Goldsmith.

* For other examples, see under improprieties. Regarded in one Light these faults are solecisms; in other words, one view of language would place them in the sphere of syntax; another, in the sphere of lexicography.

But the temper, as well as knowledge, of a modern historian, require a more sober and temperate language.-Gibbon. Neither death nor torture were sufficient to subdue the minds of Cargill and his intrepid followers.-Fox.

Each of these words imply some pursuit or object relinquished.

'Tis observable that every one of the letters bear date after his banishment.-Bently.

Magnus, with four thousand of his supposed accomplices, were put to death.--Gibbon.

These feasts were celebrated to the honor of Osiris, whom the Greeks called Dionysius, and is the same with Bacchus. Swift.

Whether one person or more was concerned in the business was not ascertained.

Those sort of favors do real injury under the appearance of kindness.

Every person, whatever be their station, is bound by the duties of morality and religion.

He dare not do it at present, and he need not.

Whether he will or no, I care not.

We do those things frequently that we repent of afterwards.

Many persons will not believe but what they are free from prejudices.

One of his clients, who was more merry than wise, stole it from him one day in the midst of his pleading; but he had better have let it alone, for he lost his cause by his jest. Addison.

I am equally an enemy to a female dunce or a female pedant.-Goldsmith.

King Charles, and more than him, the duke and the Popish faction, were at liberty to form new schemes.—Bolingbroke.

The drift of all his sermons was, to prepare the Jews for the reception of a prophet, mightier than him, and whose shoes he was not worthy to bear.-Atterbury.

He whom ye pretend reigns in heaven, is so far from protecting the miserable sons of men, that he perpetually delights to blast the sweetest flowers in the garden of Hope. Hawkesworth.

Neither of them are remarkable for precision.—Blair. In proportion as either of these two qualities are wanting, the language is imperfect.-Addison.

I had no sooner drank than I found a pimple rising in my forehead.-Tatler.

In this respect, the seeds of future divisions were sowed abundantly.-Lyttleton.

A free constitution, when it has been shook by the iniquity of former administrations.—Bolingbroke.

A large part of the meadows and cornfields was over◄ flown.

He was early charged by Asinius Pollio as neither faithful or exact.-Ledwick.

He was persuaded to strenuously prosecute the great enterprises of the company.

§ 291. A fault in regard to the settled meaning of words, that is, an offense against the lexicography of a language, is denominated an IMPROPRIETY.

§ 292. Improprieties are either in single words or in phrases.

I. IMPROPRIETIES IN SINGLE Words.

1. Adjectives.

“The alone principle," for "the sole principle.” "A likely boy," for "promising."

"This wilderness world."

“He did not injure him any,” for “ at all.”
"The work was incident to decay,” for “liable.”
"He is considerable better.”

"He is considerable of a man."

Such words were derogatory,” for “ degrading." "Obnoxious doctrines," for hurtful doctrines.

2. Nouns and Pronouns.

“Mean” for “means.”

The observation of the rule,” for "the observance." “He was in a temper," for "bad temper" or "passion.” The balance of them," for "remainder ”