Hudson, directly opposite Hyde Park, at a cost of $6500 A committee has been appointed to procure a suitable person to superintend the farm; and also to supply it with stock, and in all respects fit it for the reception of Jewish converts.

Christian Liberality.-We are happy in witnessing that the flame of Christian benevolence which broke out with so much splendor at the late memorable meeting of the American Board, has been visible since in other parts of our country. A meeting on the subject of Foreign Missions was recently held at Charleston, at which the Rev. Messrs. King and Kirk, agents of the American Board, were present. Among other subscriptions, were three of $1000 a year for five years, by members of the Third Presbyterian Church.

Popery at the Sandwich Islands. Several Roman Catholic Missionaries, Mechanics, &c. have recently arrived at these Islands, with a view of settlement. The friends of religion will regard the event with deep solicitude.

POLITICAL. Constantinople.--The Ambassadors of the Allied Powers having ultimately failed of inducing the Porte to accept of their intervention in respect to the affairs of Greece, have departed from Constantinople. Active preparations were making for war by the Porte: but it was supposed, notwithstanding, that the Porte had no intention of coming to such an issue No violent proceed ings have followed the battle of Navarin.

Russia and Persia.-A late victory over the Persians by the Russians has resulted in a treaty of peace on the following conditions: That the Russians are to retain in full territorial possession all the country to the north of the Araxas, and a small portion of that lying to the southward; that all the expenses of the war are to be paid by the Persians; and that the Russians are to hold certain fortresses and additional territory as guarantee for the fulfilment of this part of the treaty.

Arabia. The Wahabites, taking advantage of the absence of the Pacha

of Egypt with his principal forces, have again appeared in rebellion, and attacked the Mahometan holy city, and put to the sword 4000 of its inhabitants.

Java.-An armistice has been concluded between the Dutch authorities and the natives. This measure, it is hoped, will result in the restoration of peace.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Greeks.-The intelligence which is brought us by the late arrival of our countryman, Dr. Howe, is such as to strengthen our expectations concerning this oppressed nation. The battle of Navarin has entirely changed their prospects. Instead of retreating to the islands, and there making their last stand for Grecian independence, they now confidently hope to be able to rescue the Morea as well as the islands from their oppressors. 66 "If left," says Dr. H. "to continue the struggle singlehanded with Turkey, she will probably come off conqueror: her fleet will be able to resist the enemy's, and if supplies are cut off from Egypt only three months, Ibrahim Pasha must quit the Morea, or starve; and in six, every fortress in it must fall into the hands of the Greeks."

Greece still needs assistance, and must continue to need it till peace gives her an opportunity to cultivate the soil; and it is the object of Dr. H. to this country to solicit our aid, particularly in the establishment of hospitals for the sick and destitute. Our citizens, like those in many other parts of our country, are now making commendable exertions for their relief.

The Hon. De Witt Clinton, Governor of the State of New-York, deceased very suddenly on the 11th of February. The deep-felt emotions which that event has produced throughout the community, particularly in the State over which he presided, show the high estimation in which he was held; and he has left behind him the monuments of his useful life, which will render him memorable among future generations.

Major-General Jacob Brown, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United States, and the firm and devoted friend of his country, expired at his residence in Washington on the 24th

of February. He was one of the oldest and warmest friends and admirers of Gov. Clinton; whom he is thus speedily called to meet in another world.

Lotteries.-A memorial on the subject of Lotteries has been presented to the Legislature of Pennsylvania,signed by the Mayor and other highly respectable gentlemen of Philadelphia. As a system of revenue, the memorialists show that a more absurd and extravagant mode of raising money could not, well be devised. They take for example the Union Canal Lottery, and show that while only $18,530 are derived for the use of the State, $41,870 go to the brokers and managers.

The cost of collecting this tax, therefore, amounts to upwards of two hundred and twenty-five per cent. more than the sum realized for the object, for which the lottery is granted. And what renders this extravagant levy more lamentably disastrous is, that the money is principally abstracted from the hard earnings of those classes who are pressed by their wants and necessities on the one hand, and on the other, are deluded by the golden

promises incessantly reiterated, enforced, and thrust before them, by designing and interested lottery brokers.

And such is the infatuation of the people, that these lotteries are produced and succeed each other with ruinous rapidity, at the rate generally of one per month; which, if this be taken as an average, will make the enormous annual tax of $724,800, obtained almost exclusively from the uninformed, and labouring class of the community. No data have been obtained to ascertain the fact, but it is supposed, that the amount of foreign lottery tickets, sold in this state, is not less than that of our own lotteries, and if this supposition be well founded, the aggregate tax paid annually for the support of lotteries, by the inhabitants of this commonwealth, is $1,419,600.

But the pecuniary loss to the people, great as it is, is not to be placed in comparison with the injury which has been done to their morals. It is believed, that many cases of total loss of character, gross licentiousness, poverty, ruin, and even suicide, might be traced to gambling and lotteries.

Dec. 2.-Rev. ISAAC S. DEmund, over the Reformed Dutch church at Walpack, N. J. Sermon by Rev. C. C. Elting.

Jan. 16.-Rev. Mr. HUBBARD, as Pastor of the Congregational church in Monson, Me.

Jan. 21.-Rev. EDWIN HOLM MES was installed as Pastor of the Reformed Dutch church of Linlithgow, town of Livingston, N. Y. Sermon by Rev. G. W. Bethune of Rhinebeck.

Jan. 24.-Rev. JOSIAR S. HAWES, over the Congregational church at Great Falls, Somerworth, N. H. Ser

mon by Rev. Mr. Greenleaf of Wells, Me.

Jan. 24.-Rev. JERVIS B. BUXTON, to the holy order of Deacons, in Elizabeth city, N. C., by Bishop Ravenscroft.

Jan. 31.-Rev. BENSON C. BALDWIN Over the church at Norwich Falls. Sermon by Rev. John Nelson.

Jan. -Rev. NATHAN STERN, to the holy order of Deacons, at Worthington, Ohio, by Bishop Chase.

-Rev. SAMUEL A. BUMSTEAD, at Boston as an Evangelist.

OF TITUS AND CRETE.

WHEN Paul and Titus first went to Crete, before any church had been planted on the island, Titus must have been an attendant upon Paul, and a preacher, without any relation unto, or connexion with the Cretans. Some have been of opinion, that Paul, after his liberation, sailed from Rome into Asia, and taking Crete in his way, left Titus there. But it does not appear, that Titus went to Rome with Paul, when he was carried a prisoner to be tried by Cæsar. Nor do any of the letters written from Rome, during that imprisonment, to the Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians, or Philemon, mention Titus, or even imply that he was at Rome. On the contrary, his presence with Paul is excluded by Colossians iv. 11, "These only are my fellow-workers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me;" and Titus is not named as one them.

That Paul purposed to visit Colosse, soon after his liberation, appears from his letter to Philemon, ver. 22. But the bespeaking of lodgings there would have been premature, if it had been intended consequent upon the arduous labours of planting churches in Crete. The epistle to Philemon preceded the letter to the Hebrews; in that, Timothy was joined, in this, he is mentioned as absent; "with whom if he come shortly,"

[No. IV.

xiii. 23, Paul promised to see those to whom the letter was sent. He had gone, probably to Philippi, Phil. ii. 19. This purpose of visiting Judea was, therefore, after his direction to Philemon to procure him lodgings at Colosse. Accordingly some have imagined, that Paul went, with Timothy and Titus, to Crete, where he left Titus, and proceded to Judea, returned through Syria and Cilicia, tarried some time at Colosse, wrote from thence to Titus in Crete to meet him at Nicopolis, came to Ephesus, left Timothy there, and proceeded to Macedonia. But neither does Titus appear to have been with Paul at Rome, during his imprisonment, nor is there the least evidence, that such a journey was ever undertaken or accomplished. It was the opinion of Pool, that Paul left Titus in Crete, when he touched there a prisoner, on his passage to Rome. But as Titus is not named in the enumeration of either of the companies who left Macedonia for Jerusalem; nor mentioned in the history of their going to, remaining at, or coming from Jerusalem; nor spoken of in the account of the voyage, two years afterwards accomplished from Cæsaria to Rome, this opinion seems unfounded. It does not even appear, that Paul landed at Crete on that voyage.

Many have thought Paul, at or prior to the period of his separation from Barnabas, sailed with Silas and Titus

es.

from Cilicia to Crete, and returning to the Asiatic continent, left Titus to perfect the settlement of the churchBut there is no hint of such a thing in the Acts or any of the Epistles. Yet the native language of Titus was that of the inhabitants of Crete. Also Titus, who was in years and office older than Timothy, and commanded more respect, must have been as competent for that service, as he was to settle the differences in the Corinthian church, or to preach the gospel among the rude inhabitants of Dalmatia. But conjectures are as unprofitable, as endless. Paul took Titus to Jerusalem with him and Barnabas, when the exoneration of Gentile converts was determined; Gal. ii. 1, and though a Gentile, he was not required to be circumcised; ver. 3. But we cannot collect from the Scriptures, that Titus was with Paul from the time of his separation from Barnabas, during all his travels through Asia, Macedonia, and Greece, his subsequent voyage to Jerusalem, and return through the Asiatic churches; nor until he came to Ephesus, when Apollos, from Corinth, met him at that place. But Titus was then at Ephesus, for Paul sent him thence with his first epistle to the Corinthians. He might have been previously sent with the epistle to the Galatians, and when Paul came to them, have gone down with the Apostle and his company to Ephesus.

There is also great difficulty in ascertaining when the epistle to Titus was written. Some place it before the imprisonment of Paul, as Lightfoot, Lardner, and other learned critics. But though we will neither mark the precise time for Paul's going with Titus into Crete, nor the particular winter which they spent together at Nicopolis after the recall of Titus from that Island; yet it appears to be correct to assign them, and the writing of the epistle to Titus, which was not from Nicopolis, Titus iii. 12, to a period after the Apostle's enlargement at Rome, and prior to his

return.

From the direction, Tit. iii. 13, to bring Apollos, Paul was then acquainted with him, but he was not prior to his second coming to Ephesus, Acts xviii. 24-28, xix. 1, 1 Cor. xvi. 12. It is certain, therefore, that the epistle to Titus was not written before that period. From the Apostle's arrival at Ephesus until the termination of his first imprisonment,(a) there was no possibility of leaving Titus in Crete, Tit. i. 5, except he landed a prisoner there on his voyage to Rome, and had Titus then with him, neither of which appears.

(a) This portion of the apostle's labours, being usually misrepresented, may be understood by any who will open unto the following proofs:

tus and Timothy into Macedonia, Acts From Ephesus Paul, having sent Erasxix. 22, 1 Cor. iv. 17, xvi. 10, wished Apollos to return to Corinth, 1 Cor. xvi. 12, to settle the discord, 1 Cor. i. 10-12, but he refusing, Titus was sent with the first epistle to that church, 2 Cor. ii. 13, vii, 6-13, Paul remaining at Ephesus three years, Acts xx. 31, Timothy must have returned to him, 1 Cor. xvi. 11, where he left him, 1 Tim. i. 3, after the

riot, Acts xx. 1, and went to Troas, expecting to meet Titus, 2 Cor. ii. 12. Although he found an "open door" there, ibid. 12, he went into Macedonia, ibid. 13, and whilst "going over those parts," Acts xx. 2, Titus came to him, 2 Cor. vii. 6, second epistle to the Corinthians, c. i. 1, and Timothy also; for he is joined in the

with which Titus was sent back to Greece, 2 Cor. viii. 18. Then Paul who had intended to have gone by Corinth into Ma

cedonia, 2 Cor. i. 15, 23, went from Macedonia into Greece, and abode three months, Acts xx. 2, 3, and there wrote his letter to the Romans, Rom. xv. 25, 26. His design of going from Corinth to Judea, 2 Cor. i. 16, Rom. xv. 31, by vented by the Jews, Acts xx. 3, he went Ephesus, 1 Tim. iii. 14, iv. 13, being prethrough Macedonia to Troas, ibid. 4, 5, sailed past Ephesus, called at Miletus, Acts xx. 16, 17, and came to Jerusalem, he was sent to Cæsarea, and remained Acts xxi. 17. There being apprehended two years in prison, till Festus came into office, Acts xxiv. 27, who sent him by sea to Italy, Acts xxvii. 1. The company touched at Crete, Acts xxvii. 8, but left delayed three months, ibid. xxviii. 1, 11, it, ibid. 13, 21, were wrecked on Mileta, and arrived at Rome, ver. 16, where