5901. [Rev. i. 18.] Thus the Thames is said to be the same river, that it was in the time of our forefathers, though indeed the water that now ruus under London-bridge, is not the same that ran there an hour ago, and is quite other than what will run there an hour hence. And so the Flame of a candle is said to be the same for many hours together, though it be indeed every minute a new body; as the kindled particles, that compose it at any time assigned, are continually putting off the form of flame, and are repaired by a succession of like ones.

5902.

rican Indians say,

5903.

BOYLE'S Tract on the Resurrection, p. 5.

When the moon does not shine, the Ame-
The Moon is dead."
CARVER'S Trav. in N. America, p. 161.

Death] Nitrous gas is highly deleterious when inspired in a dilute state; if pure, it is instantly fatal.

DALTON'S Chem. Philos. part ii. p. 333.

5908. [Rev. ii. 1.] As the person appointed to read the Jewish liturgy, was called sheliach zibbor, the angel or mesup the prayers senger of the congregation, because he offered of the people to God; so Christian bishops, as messengers in the same way from men to God, were called the angels of the churches. See Univer. Hist. vol. ix. p. 550.

5909. The Lord's heaven amongst men is where His Spirit is received and diffused among the members of his Church; and an angel of this heaven is a man of the Church who, by receiving and reciprocating the Divine Spirit, is conjoined to the Lord. See SWEDENBORG, on Divine Providence, nn. 28, 29.

5910. [6.] It is not angelical to enquire into the evils appertaining to a man, unless his good qualities be enquired into at the same time. Id. Arcana, n. 10,381.

5917. [17. A white stone] The magistracy among the Athenians, consisted of no fewer than three hundred; these, constituting the grand council of the Areopagus, were chosen from the priesthood, at the head of whom the high-priest presided. -The manner of giving their suffrages, was by white and black pellets of stone: one of each of these for that purpose was taken immediately from the altar. When the case had been fully heard, and they were prepared to pass sentence, the crier went round with a brass pot to receive the favourable votes or white stones, and with a wooden one to receive the unfavourable votes or black stones.

Those who were undetermined, remained neuter, but rose and presented their balls. After they were counted over under the immediate inspection of the chief magistrate; if the white stones were most in number, they took their Tables which lay before them, drew a short line, a token of absolution; if the black balls were more in number they drew a longer line, a sign of condemnation.

John viii. 6, 7. Exod. ii. 11, 12.

Archeologia Attica, lib. 3. cap. 3. § 1-2.

5920. [Rev. iii. 1.] No name, no power, no function, no artificial institution whatever, can make the men of whom any system of authority is composed, any other than God, and nature, and education, and their habits of life have made them. BURKE, on the French Revolution, p. 58.

5921. [5.] The priest, whose birth was polluted with any prophaneness, was clothed in black, and sent without the verge of the priests' court; but he who was chosen by the judges appointed for that purpose, was clothed in white, and joined himself to the other priests.

Dr. A. CLARKE's Additions to Fleury, p. 329.

Formerly in England, all bishops wore white, even when they travelled. In the Decretals (p. 1000), there is an express Canon requiring all bishops whenever they appear in public, or at church, to wear a linen habit.

5922.

HODY'S English Councils, p. 141.

His name is his image; the book of life is the Human Sphere in the intermediate world filled with the Divine Sphere; That the Lord will not there blot out his name, means that, as that glorified sphere or heaven will not be removed in the ensuing Judgment, his image or appearance will remain in the New Christian Heaven even after the judgment is passed, and till his soul rise by death into the glorious image of himself, that house not made with hands eternal in the heavens.

5919. [ 27.] The potter tempering soft earth, fashions every vessel with much labor for our service: yea, of the same clay he makes both the vessels that serve for clean uses, and likewise all such as serve to the contrary. And employing his labors lewdly, he makes a vain god of the same clay, even he who a little before was made of earth himself, and within a little while after returns to the same, out of the which he was taken, when his life which was lent him shall be demanded. - This man that of earthly matter makes brittle vessels, and graven images, knows himself to offend above all others. Wisdom of Solomon xv. 7, 8, 13.

5923. [7.] Philadelphia was the last in Asia Minor that submitted to the Turks, and that on very honourable terms after six years' siege. Univer. Hist. vol. v. p. 402.

5924. [12.] Among the Romans, adopted persons assumed all the three names of him who adopted them; but, as a mark of their proper descent, added at the end either their former nomen or cognomen; the first exactly the same as before, for instance, Q. Servilius Cæpio Agalo Brutus, the name of M. Junius Brutus when adopted by Q. Servilius Cæpio Agalo. The other (the cognomen) was added with some slight alteration as in the case of Octavius who called himself, after his adoptive father, C. Julius Cæsar, and changed the cognomen Octavius into Octavianus, declaring himself thereby to be of the Octavian family.

5927. [Rev. iv. 1. Come up hither] Objects must appear to rise in the elevation of a sphere, equally as in the ebullition of a spring. About six miles from Lake George in Ame.rica, there is a crystal fountain which incessantly throws up, from dark, rocky caverns below, tons of water every minute, with such amazing force, as to jet and swell perpendicularly upwards two or three feet above the common surface. In its transparent waters are seen innumerable bands of fish, some clothed in the most brilliant colors: you imagine the picture to be within a few inches of your eyes, and that you may without the least difficulty touch any one of the fish, when it really is twenty or thirty feet under water. See BARTRAM's Trav. p. 163.

5931. [Rev. iv. 1, 2.] In like manner, speaking of Pythagoras, the Samian philosopher, a man of universal knowledge, who flourished about five hundred years before Christ; OVID

says,

He, though from heav'n remote, to heav'n could move,
With strength of mind, and tread th' abyss above;
And penetrate, with his interior light,
Those upper depths, which nature hid from sight:
And what he had observ'd, and learn'd from thence,
Lov'd in familiar language to dispense.

Metamorphoses, b. xv. l. 81 —86. Pythagoras was esteemed a person superior to all philNow it is osophers in wisdom and piety towards God. plain, adds JOSEPHUS, that he did not only know the Jewish doctrines, but was in a very great degree a follower and admirer of them. See against Apion, b. i. § 22.

5932. 3.] Every ray of light passing from a rarer into a denser medium, is refracted towards the perpendicular; but from a denser into a rarer one, from the perpendicular. Abridg. Phil. Trans. vol. xi. p. 267.

5933. If we take a glass globe, filled with water, and hang it up before us, opposite the sun, in many situations, it will appear transparent; but if it is raised higher, or sideways, to an angle of forty-five degrees, it will at first appear red; altered a very little higher, yellow; then green, then blue, then violet-coloured; in short, it will assume successively all the colors of the rainbow; but, if raised higher still, it will become transparent again. A falling shower may be considered as an infinite number of these little transparent globes, assuming different colors, by being placed at the proper heights. The rest of the shower will appear transparent, and no part of it will seem coloured; but such as are at an angle of forty-five degrees from the eye, fortyfive degrees upward, forty-five degrees on each side, and forty-five degrees downward, did not the plane of the earth prevent us. We, therefore, see only an arch of the rainbow, the lower part being cut off from our sight by the earth's interposition. However, upon the tops of very high mountaius, circular rainbows are seen, because we can see to an angle of forty-five degrees downward, as well as upward, or sideways, and therefore we take in the rainbow's complete circle. GOLDSMITH'S Hist of the Earth, vol. i. p. 385.

5934. At Staubbach, the celebrated water-fall of Switzerland (whose torrent, revolving into a fine spray, resembles a cloud of dust thrown over the brow of an overhanging mountain nine hundred and thirty feet) when the sun

shines in a direction, opposite the observer, a miniature' rainbow is reflected towards the bottom of the fall. "While I stood at some distance," says the Rev. W. COXE, “it assumed a semicircular figure; as I aproached, the extremities gradually coincided, and formed a complete circle of the most brilliant colors. In order to have a still finer view, I ventured nearer and nearer, the circle at the same time becoming smaller and smaller; and as I stood quite under the fall it suddenly disappeared. This phenomenon may be observed in any cascade on which the rays of the sun fall in a certain direction." Pinkerton's Coll. part xxi. p. 762.

5935. [Rev. iv. 3.] In Switzerland, the Pisse-Vache, a cataract much noticed by travellers, seems to burst from a cleft in the middle of a rock, through hanging shrubs, and forms a perpendicular column about two hundred feet in height. The body of water being very ample, and the elevation not so considerable as to reduce it entirely into spray, render the effect very striking. When the sun rises opposite to this water-fall, the regular expansion of his rays enlivening the different parts of the column of water, and the gradual descent of the rainbow formed by the spray, are inexpressibly beautiful.

Ibid. p. 771.

DALTON'S Essays, p. 134.

5936. Coronaes, or haloes, are luminous circles, surrounding the sun, the moon, the planets, or fixed stars. Sometimes they are white, and sometimes coloured like the rainbow. Similar, in some respects, to the halo, was the remarkable appearance which M. Bouguer describes, as observed by himself and his companions, on the top of Mount Pichinca, in the Cordeliers. According to this account, when the sun was just rising behind him, and a cloud was about thirty paces before them, so as to appear white, each of them saw his own shadow projected upon it, and no other. The distance was such, that all the parts of the shadow were easily distinguishable, as the arms, the legs, and the head; but what surprised them most, was, that the head was adorned with a kind of glory, consisting of three or four small concentric crowns, of a very lively color, each exhibiting all the varieties of the primary rainbow, and having the circle of red on the outside. Similar, but still more apposite, was the curious appearance observed by Dr. M' Fait in Scotland. This gentleman observed a rainbow round his shadow in the mist, when he was on an eminence above it. In this situation the whole country round seemed, as it were, buried under a vast deluge, and nothing but the tops of distant hills appeared here and there, above the flood; so that a man would think of diving down into it with a kind of horror. At another time he observed a double range of colors round his shadow in these circumstances. The colors of the outermost range were broad, and very distinct, and every where about two feet dis

5940. [6, 7.]

Phil. Trans. 1801, part ii. p. 302.

That forms are chang'd, I grant; that nothing can
Continue in the figure it began : —

And, therefore, I conclude, whatever lies
In earth, or flits in air, or fills the skies,
All suffer change; and we, that are of soul
And body mix'd, are members of the whole.
Then, when our sires, or grandsires, shall forsake
The forms of men, and brutal figures take,
Thus hous'd, securely let their spirits rest,
Nor cease to own thy father in the beast,
Thy friend, thy brother, any of thy kin:
If none of these, yet there's a man within.

OVID, xv. 398, 670.

5941. [7.] At the Jewel Office in the Tower of London, may be seen the Ampulla, or Golden Eagle, which holds the holy oil that the kings and queens of England are anointed with. The head screws off in the middle of the neck, which with the chest is made hollow to hold the oil;

5946. [Rev. iv. 10.] By bringing the line of sight near to the surface of water, boats and other small objects are found to be completely hidden by an apparent horizon, which, in a short distance, cannot be owing to any real curvature of the water, and can arise solely from the bending of the rays by refraction. By such refraction, the oars of barges, when held horizontal, will appear bent towards the water in various degrees, according to their distance. Phil. Trans. 1805, pp. 3, 4.

5943. [ 10.] The Chaldeans made thirty-six constellations; twelve in the zodiac, and twenty-four without. VINCE, Art. 1252.

5944. According to antient custom the Great Men of England were obliged to pay their attendance on the King in the three great festivals of the year; Christmas, Easter, and Whitsontide: as well to honour his person, and adorn his court, as to consult about the grand affairs of the kingdom. At those times the kings were wont to appear with the crown on their heads, and with all the ensigns of majesty, till Henry the IId's time; who in the year 1158, keeping his Christmas at Worcester, took off his crown from his head, and offered it at the altar. From which time the old custom of wearing the crown in those festivals ceased.

Before

All the manuscripts of Herculaneum are written on one side only. The papyrus being single, the writing is on the inner side of the coils. Perhaps the Antients never wrote on both sides, but when the paper was double, or composed of two leaves pasted one over the other. WINCKELMAN'S Herculaneum, p. 100.

5950. [- - 2.] As sound diffuses itself along with speech in the air of the natural world; so affection diffuses itself along with thought among societies in the spiritual world. SWEDENBORG, on Divine Providence, n. 295.

5951. [6.] Jesus Christ, the lowest Appearance of God in our atmosphere, could open the seals or seven upper and obscured Appearances of the One God, by drawing down the seven obscuring spheres; as veiling strata of mist, by falling, display the sun.