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many scattered documents, letters, wills, inventories, invoices, commercial and legal records, printed in the publications of historical societies and elsewhere, have been used.

It is impossible to give here any adequate bibliography of the secondary works dealing with the various aspects of the subject. There is no single book which covers the whole field nor indeed any volume which treats fully the topics presented in any one of the chapters. On the other hand, there are many admirable books which present with great fulness of detail selected aspects of colonial life-houses, dress, manners, and customs-but usually with the intent of satisfying only the needs of the general reader. There are also excellent writings of a more technical and scholarly character dealing with racial elements, land, labor, and education, but, except Professor Jernegan in his forthcoming work on education in the colonies, no one, as far as I know, has made a sustained attempt to study these topics on a large scale with an eye to their historical significance. The histories of individual States are of very little value in this connection, and local histories, though indispensable to the student, are often restricted in scope and provincial in treatment. Some of the town and county histories are, however, excellent, but the list is too long to be given here.

Deserving of notice are F. B. Dexter, Estimates of Population, Proceedings, American Antiquarian Society (1887), reprinted in Dexter, A Selection from the Miscel laneous Historical Papers of Fifty Years (1918), pp. 153178; L. J. Fosdick, French Blood in America (1906); C. K. Bolton, Scotch Irish Pioneers (1910); H. J. Ford, The Scotch Irish in America (1915); A. B. Faust, The

German Element in the United States (1909); L. F. Bittinger, The Germans in Colonial Times (1901); Amandus Johnson, Swedish Elements on the Delaware (1911); J. P. Maclean, An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America (1900); C. P. Gould, Land System and Money and Transportation in Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Studies, XXXI, XXXIII, (1913, 1915); articles by Judge Smith on towns and baronies in South Carolina, in the South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine; A. D. Mellick, Story of an Old Farm (1889); I. N. P. Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island (1916); Mrs. M. M. P. (N.) Stanard, Colonial Virginia, its People and Customs (1917); and C. C. Jones, Dead Towns of Georgia (1878).

Among the best of the general books bearing on our subject are these: H. D. Eberlein, The Architecture of Colonial America (1915); H. D. Eberlein and A. McClure, The Practical Book of Early American Arts and Crafts (1916); H. D. Eberlein and H. M. Lippincott, The Colonial Homes of Philadelphia and its Neighborhood (1912); J. M. Hammond, Colonial Mansions of Maryland and Delaware (1914); W. J. Mills, Historic Houses of New Jersey (1902); Mrs. A. M. (L.) Sioussat, Old Manors in the Colony of Maryland (two parts, 1911, 1913); R. A. Lancaster, Historic Virginia Homes and Churches (1915); Colonial Churches in the Original Colony of Virginia (1908); A. R. H. Smith, The Dwelling Houses of Charleston (1917); H. M. Lippincott, Early Philadelphia (1917); Mrs. A. M. Earle, Home Life in Colonial Days (1898) and Child Life in Colonial Days (1899); Mrs. M. W. Goodwin, The Colonial Cavalier (1894); A. S. Huntington, Under a Colonial Roof Tree (1891); W. R. Bliss, Colonial Times

on Buzzards Bay (1889); J. B. Felt, Customs of New England (1853); C. S. Phelps, Rural Life in Litchfield County (1917); P. W. Bidwell, Rural Economy in New England (1916; though dealing with the period after 1800, this work is very suggestive for the eighteenth century); F. H. Bigelow, Historic Silver of the Colonies and its Makers (1917); E. McClellan, Historic Dress in America (1910); A. W. Calhoun, A Social History of the American Family (1917); R. M. Tryon, Household Manufactures (1917); E. Field, The Colonial Tavern (1897); G. O. Seilhamer, History of the American Theater (1891); F. S. Child, The Colonial Parson and A Colonial Parish (1896, 1911); A. E. Bostwick, The American Public Library (1910); W. L. Hubbard, The American History and Encyclopædia of Music (1908-10) 12 v.; L. C. Elson, History of American Music (rev. ed., 1915); S. Dunbar, A History of Travel in America (1915); and G. R. Putnam, Lighthouses and Lightships (1917). A model study of its kind, for our purpose, is S. F. Batchelder, Notes on Colonel Henry Vassall, Publications, Cambridge Hist. Soc., x, 5-85.

Columbia University in its Contribution to Education, Teachers College Series, has issued a number of valuable monographs on phases of colonial education and apprenticeship. Elsewhere may be found books and monographs on negro and Indian slavery and white servitude, designed rather for the scholar than the general reader. Nothing of importance has been written on the convict system.

INDEX

Acadians in the colonies, 17-18
Adams, John, 103
Africa, colonists voyage to, 5;
slave trade, 195-97
African church, 163
Agriculture, 23, 25-26, 33, 68;
see also Plantations
Albany (N. Y.), manors near, 28;

in 1760, 50; turnpike, 216;
routes from New York to,
218

Albemarle (N. C.), 19–20, 37
Alexandria (Va.), horse racing
at, 117; roads, 215, 220
Allason, William, quoted, 126;
cited, 224

Allen, Bennet, rector of All
Saints, Frederick
(Md.), 173

County

Allen family in New Hampshire,
24

Amatis, Paul, starts "Georgian
Nursery," 100

Amusements, 97-98, 110-29
Anglican Church, 161, 163, 169-
177
Annapolis (Md.), Germans come

to, 19; importance, 37, 38;
description, 51-52; Govern-
ment House, 59-60; horse
racing, 117; theaters, 124;
King William's School, 133-
134; lending library, 157; route
from Philadelphia to, 219
Apprentices, 188-90
Architecture, colonial houses,
45-69; churches, 163-64, 169-
170

Austin, George, of Charleston,
142
Austrian Germans in Georgia, 17

Bacon, Rev. Thomas, 175
Balls and assemblies, 122
Baltimore, Frederic Lord, 174
Baltimore (Md.), 37; Germans
in, 16; roads, 215
Baptists, 162

Barrell, William, 216
Bath (Maine), 87

Bath (N. C.), 38, 53; lending
library, 157

Beaufort Town (S. C.), 43
Beaver Pond (L. I.), horse racing
around, 117

Beekman, Gerard, of New York,
98, 107, 233
Belcher, Jonathan, 27

Bell, Alexander, of Virginia, 61
Bell, Robert, of Philadelphia,
publisher, 155–56

Beresford, Mrs., member of Sir
William Draper's party, 210
Bergen (N. J.), 30

Berkeley, George, gives organ
to Trinity Church, Newport,
177
Bethlehem (Penn.), Moravian
girls' school at, 143
Beverley, Robert, 86

Beverley, William, 35, 77-78, 80,
91, 95, 102, 229

Birket, James, of Antigua, 209;
cited, 8 (note), 99, 107-08,
217, 219; quoted, 230; Cur-
sory Remarks, quoted, 55

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