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and abundant in grain, maize, sugar-canes, cocoa, cotton, and every species of fruits, as well those of America as of Europe, and particularly the apple, which is exceedingly fine the pasture is abundant, and maintains an infinite number of goats, from the skins of which they procure a quantity of good chamois leather, in which the neighbourhood, consisting of 130 families, trade: it has, besides the parish church, two convents, the one of St. Francis, and the other of St. Domingo in its vicinity are many barbarous and cannibal Indians of the Cuicas, Cuibais, and Coines nations, who live in the woods and wilds. This city is celebrated for the condign punishment it visited upon its founder, whom they hanged on a ceyba-tree, for his disorderly and atrocious rule, and the same justice they afterwards executed on the tyrant Lope de Aguirre. [It lies 28 miles from Bariquisimeto, 28 from Cacora, 182 from Caracas, 120 from the N. Sea, and 393 from Santa Fé : in lat. 9° 27′ n. and in long. 69° 51' w.

TUDELA, a city of the new kingdom of Granada, founded in the territory of the Colimas Indians by Captain Peter de Ursua, in 1551, and not, as is related by the ex-Jesuit Coleti, in 1547, in memory of the city of the same name in the kingdom of Navarre, which was his native place. It was situate on the banks of the river Zarbi, but a short time after its foundation it was destroyed by the Indians; and as the rebuilding of it has never since been agitated, it still remains but a heap of ruins.

TUESDAI. See SANTA MONICA.

TUERTO, River of, in Hispaniola, or St. Domingo it runs to the n. and falls into the sea on the n. coast, in the part possessed by the French between St. Anne's and the prison of Ogeron.

TUFTONBOROUGH, a town of New Hampshire, in Strafford County, situate on the n. e. side of Lake Winipiseogee, adjoining Wolfborough, containing 109 inhabitants.

[TUGELO River, in Georgia, is the main branch of Savannah river. The other great branch is Keowee, which, joining with the other 15 miles n. w. of the n. boundary of Wilkes's County, forms the Savannah. Some branches of the Tugelo rise in the State of Tennessee. A respectable traveller relates, that in 10 minutes, having walked his horse moderately, he tasted of Tugelo, Apalachicola, and Hiwassee rivers.]

TUGELO, a settlement of the province and colony of S. Carolina, situate in the country of the Low Cherokee Indians, on the banks of a river

of the same name, in which the English have an establishment, and a fort constructed for its defence.

TUHERE, a river of the province and country of the Amazonas, and part of Portuguese Guayana it rises in the territory of the Indians of that nation, runs s. s. e. and enters in the Marañon, between the rivers Isari and Igarape.

TUHERE, a settlement of this name in the same province, situate on the banks of the last named river, near the mouth of the Marañon.

TUI, a river of the province and government of Venezuela and the new kingdom of Granada; it rises in the mountainous tracts of its coasts, and runs to the n. e. until it falls into the sea about 62 miles s. e. of Caracas.

TUI, another small river of this name, in the province and government of Nueva Andalucia. It has its rise in the country of the Armacotos Indians, and enters the source of the river Arui.

TUICHI, a river of the province and corregimiento of Apolabamba in Peru; its source is in the mountains of the Cordillera, and, receiving many streams, it runs more than 40 leagues to the n. e. and enters very copiously into the river Beni, by the settlement of Reyes, in the province and government of Moxos of the kingdom of Quito. It contains much fish of various species and excellent quality, which the Indians catch in abundance.

[TUICHTENOONA Creek, in the State of New York, is 16 miles above Schenectady: e. of the creek is a curious Indian inscription.]

TUIGH, a small river of the island of Barbadoes.

TUINAITA, a small river of the government and province of Paraguay; it runs to the e. and enters another of this name close to the settlement of San Ignacio.

TUINAMANES, a nation of barbarous Indians, who inhabit the ancient province of Catepararo, in the thickets to the s. of the river Caqueta; it extends to the source of the river Negro, but little is known of its customs.

TUIRA, a river of the province and government of Darien and kingdom of Tierra Firme, in the mountains of which it takes its rise by the coast of the N. Sea, and traversing almost all the isthmus which divides the two seas, after a very irregular course in different directions, it discharges itself into the Gulf of St. Michael of the S. Sea, forming the Bay of Garachine: [in lat. 8° 18' n.]

TULA, a province and alcaldía mayor of Nu

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eva España. It is very fertile in productions, with which it supplies Mexico and particularly with burnt lime for all its works, that article being the best that is made throughout the kingdom. Its population consists of many hamlets. This province was, according to the tradition of the Indians, inhabited by giants; who shew huge bones and teeth. And in 1738, Fr. Louis de Vergara, doctrinal curate of the settlement of Huejutla, discovered an entire skeleton fixed across a water-course, made by some violent rains; but which had left the skeleton with the legs and head buried in either bank, so as to form from its size and bulk as it were a small bridge. This acaldía mayor belongs to the Duke of Alisco, who enjoys it as an estate granted to his family.

TULA, the capital, is the city of the same name, which is of a good climate; fertile and abundant in fruits, grains, and seeds. It consists of a convent of St. Francis, and 280 Indian families; besides many others, inhabited by Spaniards, Mulattoes, and Mustees. The settlement is more ancient than New Spain, and was founded by the Tuldecas. [It is 14 miles n. n. w. of Mexico, in lat. 19° 57' n. long. 99° 21' w.] The other settlements of this jurisdiction are the following:

Michimaloya, Tepexi del Rio, Tepetitlán, Nextlalpan,

Axuchitlan, Iztlapa, Tultengo, Xicapotla.

TULA, another settlement, with the tutelary appellation of San Antonio, in the alcaldía mayor of Guadalcazar, in the same kingdom. It is one of the missions which the Franciscan monks have there; it consists of 1000 families of Chichimecas Indians, reduced to the Catholic faith; and of these there is a body of 100 armed men mounted on horseback, with their chief to protect the missionaries, and check the wild Indians, who make frequent irruptions: and who dwell in the woods and caverns, of which there are many in this district. It is 25 leagues e. of its head settlement and capital.

TULANZINGO, a jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of Nueva España, the district of which alone comprehends seven head settlements, and many suburbs or villages; all of which are surrounded with gardens, abundantly fertile in fruits, flowers, seeds, and vegetables. Here also the quantity of cattle is so great, that the inhabitants have no necessity to resort to other provinces for them; or, indeed, for a supply of any thing requisite for convenience or luxury.

TULANZINGO, the capital, is the settlement of this name, one of the best of all, for its size, situation, and beauty: as well as for the prospect it enjoys of a verdant country. It consists of 710 families of Indians, 100 of Spaniards, Mulattoes and Mustees; and has a very fine convent of the Franciscan monks. [It is 51 miles n. e. of Mexico, in lat. 19° 58′ n. long. 98° 22′ w.] Its other settlements are, Atotonilco, Zonguiluca, Guazcazaloya, Acatlan,

Acaxuchitlin, Tutotepéc, Tenango.

TULANZINGO, another settlement of this name, with the tutelary appellation of San Miguel, of the head settlement of the district of Mamaltepec, and alcaldía mayor of Tepozcolula, in the same kingdom. It consists of 96 Indian families.

TULCAN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pasto, in the kingdom of Quito; situated on the road leading to the province of Popayán.

TULIALCO, a settlement of the jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of Chalco, in Nueva España; with a large stone causeway passing entirely over the lake, by the side of which it is situate.

TULIAN, a settlement of the province and government of Tucuman, in the district and jurisdiction of the city of Cordova; on the banks of the former river.

TULIASTLOACAN, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Atoyaque, and the alcaldía mayor of Xicayan in Nueva España. It consists of 14 Indian families, who cultivate cochineal, tobacco, cotton, and all sorts of seeds. It is situate quite close to the alcaldía mayor of Ixcapa, and 11 leagues from its capital.

[TULLY, one of the military townships of Onondago County, New York; having Sempronius on the w. and Fabius on the e. It is within the jurisdiction of Pompey, and lies 23 miles e. of the ferry on Cayuga Lake.]

[TULMERO, a settlement of the province and government of Venezuela; it is situate equally in the valleys of Arogoa, two leagues from Maracay. It has a modern look, is well built, and the residence of many planters; as well as of all the persons employed in the superintendance of the tobacco, which is cultivated in the environs on account of the king. It has a curate, and a lieutenant of justice. The population is 8000 persons.]

TULPEHOCKEN, a city of the county of Lancaster, in the province of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America; situate on the

banks of a branch of the river Schuylkill. Six miles w. of Middleton, six n. e. of Lebanon, and 65 n. w. of Philadelphia.

TULPEHOCKEN, a small river of the same name, in the county of Berks in the same province.

TULPETLAC, SANTA MARIA DE, a settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Ecatepec, in Nueva España; it comprises 54 Indian families.

TULTENGO, a settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Tula, in the same kingdom as the last; distant a quarter of a league e. of its capital. It comprises 79 Indian families.

TULTEPEC, a settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Coautitlan, in the same kingdom as the former; annexed to the curacy of the settlement of its capital, from which it is distant 2 leagues e. n. e. It comprises 378 Indian fa

milies.

TULTEPEC, another settlement of the same name; the head settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Metepec, in the same kingdom. It comprises It comprises 62 Indian families. TULTITLAN, SAN LORENZO DE, a large settlement of the jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of Tucuba, in the same kingdom as the last; situate five leagues from its capital, towards the n. and beyond the port of Barrientos. It contains 332 Indian families, and a convent of Franciscan monks; in the church of which, they worship an effigy of St. Anthony of Padua, for which the inhabitants have a singular devotion. In the plains of this settlement it was, that Herman Cortez halted with his army, to recover them from the fatigues of war, on his celebrated retreat from Mexico, on the sad night after the death of Moctezuma.

TULUA, a settlement of the province and government of Popayán, in the new kingdom of Granada.

TULULUI, a river of the province and government of Esmeraldas, in the kingdom of Quito; which runs to the w. and after it has received the waters of the rivers Patari and Aquasucia, enters by the n. into the river Bogota, in lat. 58 n.

TULUMBA, a river of the province and settlement of Tucumán in Peru, of the district and jurisdiction of the city of Cordova.

TUMACO, an island of the Pacific Ocean or South Sea; called also Gorgona. It belongs to the government and province of Esmeraldas, in the kingdom of Quito. It is from s. e. to n. w. two miles long and one broad from n. e. to s. w. ; distant one mile and a half from the continent of

VOL. IV.

Tierra Firme, opposite the mouth or entrance of the river Mira, called also Aqua-Clara. It is surrounded by other small islands, called La Viuda, El Viudo, Placer de Poilas, and El Morro. It has a snug commodious port, consisting of a small settlement of the same name; with good anchoring ground for small vessels. The climate is hot: it has the name of Tumaco, and is also called Gorgonilla, for this was the nam of the chief, or elder cacique of the island, when the Spaniards conquered it. [It is in lat. 1° 46′ n. and long. 78° 43′ w.]

TUMACO, a settlement of the same province and government as the former.

TUMBACO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Quito.

TUMBADEN, SAN LUIS DE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarca in Peru, annexed to the curacy of the corregimiento of Chalique.

TUMBADO, an island of the N. Sea, one of the Lucayas: and the last of those forming the Bahama channel to the n. of the island of this name. It is inhabited by the English.

TUMBAVIRO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Ibarra in the kingdom of Quito, situate on the e. part of Mount YanaUrcu, and to the s. of Caguasqui. To the n. n. e. it has another settlement called Las Salinas, in which district they discovered a fossil salt, of which, though of bad quality, the consumption is very great. It is of a moderate climate, serene and healthy, and very fertile in cotton and sugar-canes. It is in lat. 26′ 7′′ n.

TUMBEZ, a settlement of the corregimiento of Piura in Peru, founded on the banks of a river of the same name, and near the coast of the S. Sea; famous for Francis Pizarro disembarking here in 1526, when on his way to the conquest of Peru; as also, for the peculiar circumstance attending the landing of Peter of Candia, one of his soldiers, and a native of the island of that name: for he was the first who put his foot on earth; and to whom occurred the prodigy of a furious lion, which had been set upon him by the Indians to tear him to pieces, crouching to a Cross which he carried in his hand; when they, being overpowered at the sight, submitted to the Spaniards, whom they afterwards assisted to conquer the Indians of the Island of Puna; between whom, and these, there was always an irreconcileable enmity. This settlement is of a warm and dry climate, but benign and healthful, very fertile and abundant in productions, cotton, tobacco, and' cocoa of excellent 4 L

quality; it is the end of the viceroy ship of Peru on the n. It seldom rains here, but when it does, which is after many years, it does not cease the whole winter. There are in its district many good salt works. On the opposite side of the river, on which the settlement stands, are seen the ruins of the original town that belonged to the Indians; and which was afterwards deserted by the Spaniards for the spot where they now are. There also are to be seen the ruins of the temple of the sun; also a fortress, and a stone causeway, built by order of the Inca Tupac Yupanqui, twelfth Emperor, when he conquered this country and united it to the empire. The first bishop of Peru, who was Hernan de Luque y Olivera, took the title of bishop of Tumbez. [It is in lat. 3° 26' s.; 115 miles s. w. from Piura.]

TUMBEZ, an abundant river of the same province and kingdom. It rises in the mountains of the Andes, and empties itself in the Gulf of Guayaquil in the S. Sea: opposite the island of Santa Clara, or Amortajado. By it launches, flat-bottomed boats, and other small vessels pass as far as the settlement; but in winter it cannot be navigated for the great current arising from the extraordinary increase of its waters. Its banks are covered with a number of country houses, inhabited by Indians; who, with the advantage of irrigation supplied by the river, cultivate a quantity of maize and other seeds peculiar to hot climates. Also in the more distant tracts, where the water cannot be procured, they raisé carobes, with which they feed every sort of cattle, who fatten well by it; acquiring great strength, and procuring to their flesh a very delicate flavour.

TUMBEZ, a large bay or gulf, in the S. Sea, and of the same province and corregimiento, formed on that coast by Cape Blanco, and the Point Cannero; distant from each other eight leagues, which is the breadth of the bay its length being nearly equal, or somewhat longer, It was the first Peruvian land discovered by its conqueror, Don Francis Pizarro, Marquis de los Charcas and Atavillos.

TUMBIA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pasca, in the new kingdom of Granada; its climate is hot, and it produces much maize, sugar-canes, yucas, and some blackcattle for the breed of which it has excellent pastures. Its inhabitants are 100 housekeepers, and 30 Indians; it is 24 leagues from Santa Fé. TUMBIQUI, SANTA BARBARA DE, a settlement of the province and government of Chocó, in the same kingdom as the last and of

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the division and district of Barbacoas; situate in one of the islands formed by the abundant river of Patio at its entrance into the S. Sea.

[TUMBLING Dam, on Delaware river, is about 22 miles above Trenton, in the United States.

TUMBO, DE ORELLUDOS, a river of the province and government of San Juan de los Llanos, in the new kingdom of Granada; which runs to the e. and falls into the Orinoco.

TUMIPAMPA, a settlement of the province aud kingdom of Quito, during the paganism of the Indians; situate towards the s. It was very large and populous, and was conquered by the Inca Tupac Yupanqui, twelfth Emperor.

TUMUCURAQUE, SIERRAS DE, great and very rugged mountains, of the province and country of the Amazonas, in the part possessed by the Portuguese. They run from n.n.w.tos.s.e.

TUMUPOSA, TRINIDAD DE, called also Yariapu, a settlement of the province and corre gimiento of Pomabamba in Peru, situate on the banks of the river Tequieri.

TUNA, a settlement of the island of Porto Rico, situate on the n. w. coast and by Point Boriquen.

TUNA, a small river of the same name, in the province and captainship of Pernambuco in Brazil; it rises rear the coast, runs e. and falls into the sea, between the rivers Ilheos and Piratuningá.

TUNA, another settlement, with the appellation of Santiago, of the province and corregimiento of Huarochiri in Peru; annexed to the curacy of the settlements of San Corme and San Damian.

TUNAL, a settlement of Indians of the Tepeguana nation, in the province and government of Nueva Vizcaya; it is two leagues s. c. of its capital.

TUNAQUI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla in the same kingdom as the preceding.

TUNAR, a settlement of the island of Margarita, situate on the n. coast, close by Cape de Robledo.

[TUNBRIDGE, a township of Vermont, Orange County, 12 miles w. of Thetford. It contains 487 inhabitants.]

TUNCACAS, a settlement of the province and government of Venezuela, in the new kingdom of Granada; it has an indifferent port, which is very much resorted to by the foreign traders, who carry on here an illegal commerce. It lies between La Guayra and Cape San Roman.

TUNEBOS, a barbarous nation of Indians, in the new kingdom of Granada, who inhabit the mountains of the e. part; these Indians are inconstant, and given to superstition; they relate that the devil appears to them in the form of a horrible serpent, in the environs of Lake Saché, where they consult him as a prophet. The missionaries of the abolished society of the Jesuits of Santa Fé, commenced the conversion of these deluded creatures in 1661.

TUNGA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pasto, in the kingdom of Quito; situate close to a mountain in which there is a volcano.

TUNGAREO, a settlement of the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Maravatio in Nueva España; it contains 60 families of Indians, and is two leagues w. of its capital.

TUNGAZÜCA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Canes y Canches, or Tinta in Peru; in the vicinity of which there is a celebrated sanctuary, in which they venerate an effigy of our Redeemer. The sanctuary bears the appellation of the settlement.

TUNGURAGUA, a very high mountain, of the district of the asiento of Ambato, in the province and corregimiento of Riobamba, and kingdom of Quito. It is of a conical figure, and the top is always covered with snow, and regularly sloped on all sides. It is situate in the deep valley of the Baños de Potate, and is 2,623 París perches above the level of the sea; having its skirts covered with a thick wood, and being in consequence supposed to be inhabited by some wild Indians. In these woods there is a fountain of mineral water, which issues out boiling. It is seven leagues from Riobamba, in lat. 1° 29' s. TUNGURAGUA, an abundant river of the same name, which has its source in the above mountain and wilderness, below the province of Mainas of the same kingdom, and enters into the Marañon on the n. side; being a league broad, and at the distance of 80 leagues from Cararai, when such is the volume of its waters, as to stay the whole stream of that formidable river from its usual course for some leagues. The Tunguragua thus procuring itself a space in the native bed of the Amazonas for more than a league, supplies that river with a great variety of fish, which are not otherwise found in it, even from its mouth.

TUNIA, a settlement of the province and government of Popayán, in the new kingdom of Granada.

[TUNICAS, Indians of N. America, who lived

formerly on the Bayau Tunica, above Point Coupee, on the Mississippi, e. side. They now live at Avoyall, and do not at present exceed 25 men. Their native language is peculiar to themselves, but they speak Mobilian; are employed occasionally by the inhabitants as boatmen, &c. They are in amity with all other people, but their number is gradually diminishing.]

TUNILLAA, a fortress of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru, constructed to repress the incursions of the infidel Indians.

TUNJA, a province and corregimiento of the new kingdom of Granada, bounded on the w. by the jurisdiction of Santa Fé and corregimiento of Bogota; on the e. by the province and government of San Juan de los Llanos; on the n. w. by the government of Mariquita, the great river of Magdalena serving as the limit; on the n. by the government of Cartagena, and on the n. e. by the corregimiento of Muzo. It is in general of a cold and dry climate, though in some places they enjoy a very moderate temperature, extremely abundant and fertile in grain, vegetables, and delicate fruits; and especially in tobacco of an excellent quality, of which they had manufactories, until they were put a stop to for the royal revenue. This article was held in very particular estimation throughout all America and Europe, so that it was a property of the greatest value; and it appears that it was impossible to grow in this province alone, sufficient to supply the demand from every quarter. This province abounds in saltpetre, from the aridity of the soil, and they have therefore established here, the only manufactories for powder, which are to be found throughout the new kingdom. It has mines of gold, and is celebrated for those of emeralds, of which there have been so many taken away, that their scarcity is very apparent; whilst the working of the gold mines has also fallen into decay.

This province was, during the time of the paganism of the Indians, a kingdom separate from that of Bogotá, whose kings were called Zaques, and waged sanguinary wars with the Zipas. It was then called in the idiom of the country Hunzustá. It ruled the nations of the Chibataes, Soracaes, Tibaquiraes, Soras, Cucaitas, Susas, Furaquiras, Boyacaes, Icabucos, Tibanaes, Tenzas, Garagoas, Matabitas, and the cacique Furmeque, a chief powerful in vassals, and who resided on the frontiers of the states of Zipa and Bogotá.

This province was formerly much esteemed and sought after on account of its riches; its