cayán: it contains 29 families of Indians, and is 12 leagues w. by n. of its capital.

TLALTEPEC, another, in the head settlement of the district of Chicahuaztla and alcaldía mayor of Tepozcolula in the province and bishopric of Oaxaca it contains 64 families of Indians, who barter cotton stuffs for salt found on the coasts of Xicayán.

TLALTIZAPAN, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Yautepec and alcaldia mayor of Cuernavaca: it contains a convent of Dominicans, and 150 families of Indians, who have no trade, and exist by manual labour, and by raising a little maize. One league s. of the settlement of Ticomán.

TLAMACO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Tlasco: it contains 90 families of Indians, and is five leagues e. of its capital.

TLAMANALCO, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Chalco: it contains 1360 families of Indians, and has a magnificent convent of Franciscans and an hospital of Bethlemites, for the subsistence of which a fund was provided by the licentiate Don Miguel del Moral: e. of Chalco, at two leagues distance, and on the skirt of the sierra Nevada (snowy), therefore of a cold temperature.

TLAMAXAC, SAN MIGUEL DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldia mayor of Teotihuacan; of a cold temperature, and three leagues n. e. of its capital.

TLAMIMILULPA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Tetelzingo and alcald' a mayor of Coautla; annexed to the curacy of Ocuituco: it contains 12 families of Indians, and is eight leagues n. e. e. of its head settlement.

TLANAPA, S. MIGUEL DE, a settlement of the head settlement of Santa Isabel and alcaldía mayor of Cholula: it contains 34 families of Indians, and is a little more than three leagues s. of its capital.

TLANCHINOL, a settlement of the alcaldía of Meztitlán in Nueva España. It conmayor tains a convent of Augustins and 970 families of Indians, and is 14 leagues n. e. of its capital.

TLANECHICO, SAN LUCAS DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Cuilapa and alcaldía mayor of Las quatro Villas in Nueva España: it contains 37 families of Indians, who cultivate cochineal, seeds, and fruit, in which they trade, as well as in coal and wood: two leagues and a half w. by s. of its head settlement.

TLANICOTLA, SAN SIMON DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Guejozingo, containing 30 families of Indians.

TLAOLA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Guauchinango: it contains a convent of Augustins, and 407 families of Indians, with those who dwell in seven small settlements of its district; who maintain themselves by cultivating seeds and cotton, and cutting wood: five leagues s. of the capital.

TLAOLAN, S. PEDRO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Olintla and alcaldía mayor of Zacatlan, situate in a delightful vale fertilized by various rivers: seven leagues from its head settlement.

TLAPA, a jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of Nueva España, and one of the most extensive and populous: it is also fertile in maize, French beans, and sugar-canes, of which it manufactures loaf-sugar, the principal branch of its commerce; and this it carries on with the other jurisdictions, though not without some other articles. The temperature is hot, and the soil produces some cochineal and cotton, both of the best quality.

TLAPA. The capital is the settlement of the same name, containing six families of Spaniards, 150 of Mustees and Mulattoes, and 181 of Indians of the Mixtecan nation, and a convent of Augustins: [138 miles s. with a slight inclination to the e. of Mexico, in lat. 17° 12′ n.] The other settlements are:

Caulaque, Tenango, Chepetlán, Tlalapa, Chuazingo, Olinala, Quizicapa, Zapotitlan, Huizapula, Acantepec,

S. Luis de la Costa,
Quanaxtitlan,
Quauzoquitengo,
Malinaltepec,

Cuiyaclazala,
Atlamaxaczingo,
Huehuetepeque,
Zitlaltepeque,
Iguala,
Zapostlahuaca,
Xonacatlan.
Amapilcan,

Cuiztlahuaca, Xochiuehuetlan. Huayalulco,

Temalazingo,

Petlacala,

Cuachimalco,

Huahutzotla,

Coloatpa,

Ahuacatlán, Chitepec, Teocuclapa, Huicatenango, Chalvivilungo, Ostozingo, Zoyacatlán, Xalpatlahuaca, Alaclatzala,

Tlacotla,

Xalazala, Anenecuilco, Xilacotlotitlan, S. Miguel,

Ixcatepan, Ayectipac,

Quezuapa, Quavilotlazala, Metlatongo, Santa Maria, Atlamaxuque, Totomochoapa, Tlaquiltepec, Huamostitlan, Huehuetlán, Xocotla, Camitlipe.

TLAPAYOCA, a town and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Quatro Villas; one of those which compose the Marquisate del Valle de Oaxaca: it contains 180 families of Indians, who employ themselves in the cultivation and commerce of seeds, cotton, some cochineal, and fruit, and in cutting of wood, with which the district abounds. Its district is composed of 14 settlements, to which belong 12 cultivated estates and six corn-mills, which supply with flour both this town and the neighbouring jurisdictions. Seven leagues s. of its capital.

TLAPAYOCA, another settlement, in the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Mizantla: it contains 65 families of Indians in the ranchos of its district, and in the same 130 families of Spaniards and of people of colour. TLAPALZINGO, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Gualapa in Nueva España.

TLAPANALA, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Guayacotla, containing 33 families of Indians.

TLAPANALA, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Gualapa.

TLAPECUILA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district Guimeo and alcaldía mayor of Cirandaro: it contains 77 families of Indians, and its district is bounded by that of Tetela del Rio by the s.

TLAQUAZINTEPEC, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Teutila. It is of a warm and moist temperature, annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Ixcatlán, contains 80 families of Indians, whose trades consist alone in their beautiful cotton manufactures; six leagues s. of its capital.

TLAQUILPA, a head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Zempoala, containing 58 families of Indians.

TLAQUILTENANGO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Xoxutla and alcaldía mayor of Iguala. It contains a convent of Dominicans, and its inhabitants trade in maize, cotton, fruit and garden herbs, peculiar to the country.

TLAQUILTEPEC, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Huamostitlan and alcaldia mayor of Tlapa. It contains 134 families of Indians, and is one league e. s. e. of its head settlement.

TLAQUILZINGO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Atistlac and alcaldia mayor of Tlapa. It is of a mild temperature, contains 70 families of Indians, who gather abundant crops through the fertility of the soil, and is four leagues w. s. w. of its head settlement.

[TLASCALA, or Los ANGELOS, a province of Nueva España. See TLAXCALA.]

TLASPAÑALOYA, a small settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Guauchinango, annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Chiconcuautla.

TLATATILA, SAN ESTEVAN DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Tlacolula and alcaldia mayor of Xalapa, which name, in the Mexican idiom, signifies, where one sees the sun late. It is of a cold and moist temperature, situate in a deep ravine, and inhabited by 42 families of Totonaques Indians, who trade in maize, French beans and chile, and also cut wood, with which the mountains of the vicinity are covered. It has a copper mine, which has not been worked for some time, and is three leagues e. of its head settlement.

TLATENCHI, NATIVDAD DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Mazatepéc and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavaca, on the shore of a river. It contains 74 families of Indians who live by trading in maize, fruit, and cotton, and is five leagues from its head settlement, and very

close to the settlements of Tetelca and Panchimilco.

TLATENCO, SAN ANTONIO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Guejozingo, containing 40 families of Indians.

TLATLAUQUIPEQUE, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of San Juan de los Llanos: it contains 238 families of Indians, in which are included those inhabiting the wards of its district, and is six leagues n. e. of its capital.

TLAUZINGO, SAN LORENZO DE, a settle ment of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Guejozingo; containing 86 families of Indians.

TLAXCALA, or TLASCALA, a province and alcaldía mayor of Nueva España, extending from the N. Sea to the S. Sea, forming a curvilinear triangle, of the which one side being 60 leagues long, occupies the coast of the N. Sea, and the other side being much contracted extends along the coast of the S. Sea. It is bounded by the provinces of Mexico and Goaxaca. It is for the most part fertile and of good temperature, abounding in fruit, herbs, birds, and animals of the chase, and covered with cultivated estates and ranchos, wherein many head of cattle are bred. This province is crossed by the great sierra of its name, which, in that idiom, signifies house of bread; and it vies in height with the most lofty sierra of that kingdom, and is constantly covered with snow. Before the arrival of the Spaniards the inhabitants of this province were in the grossest state of idolatry, and many are the remains of idols and altars found in different caverns and recesses; it being also believed that in the same sierra the caziques have deposited great treasures, with the view of returning to take possession of them.

This province was in those times very populous, and a republic, governed by a tribunal; and its natives were so valorous that they lived by force of arms, maintaining themselves independent of the Mexican emperors; these never having been able to subdue them.

The Spaniards, on their entrance, found their way disputed by the Tlaxcaltecas, and with these they had several conflicts; but the same people who had been such bitter enemies, afterwards proved themselves the most faithful allies to the Spaniards, and it was altogether owing to the assistance they gave by their exertion and cunning, that this chief succeeded at length in the

TLAXCALA, the capital, is the city of the same name, founded by the emperor Chichimeco. It was formerly very populous and rich, and pleasantly situate on the shore of a river which runs into the S. Sea; and is now chiefly inhabited by Indians, who, as they pay no tribute, are very rich, and have some good churches and convents. The author Thomas Gage, asserts, that at his time the jurisdiction of this city consisted of 28 towns and settlements, containing 150,000 families.Heylin says, that, upon the arrival of the Spaniards it contained 300,000 inhabitants, and Fa ther Acosta asserts, that it had a market-place in which 30,000 persons might assemble, and that in the shambles there were scarcely ever less than 1500 sheep, and 4000 cows; but the case was very different in the time of Gemeli, who was here in 1698; for he asserts, that the city was but of a moderate size, with one parish church, in which there was a picture of the ship in which Hernan Cortés arrived at Vera Cruz.

[Humboldt asserts its present population to amount to 3400 souls, among whom there are not more than 900 Indians of pure extraction.]

In this city was the senate, or tribunal, which, according to defined laws, governed the republic, and one of the members of the same, whose talents have rendered him the most memorable, was Xicontencal and Magistcatzin. It has a convent of the religious of S. Francisco; and the aforesaid parish church was erected into a cathedral and bishopric in 1526, and remained so until 1550, when it was translated to La Puebla de los Angeles. This city is inhabited by 500 families of Spaniards, Mustecs, and Mulattoes, who, for the most part, are employed in the manufacture of cloths, baizes, mantles, and other cotton articles, the same being the principal branches of its commerce. [Sixty-four miles e. of Mexico, in lat. 19° 19' 30" n. long. 98° w. See ANGELES, PUEBLA DE LOS.]

TLAXCALA, a settlement in the province and government of the Nuevo Reyno de Leon. Seven leagues n. w. of the capital.

TLAXCALZINGO, SAN BERNARDO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district

TLAXCO, a small settlement, or ward of the alcaldía mayor of Guauchinango; annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Chiconcuautla. TLAXIACO, SANTA MARIA DE LA ASUNCION DE, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Tepozcolula. It is a very large and pleasant settlement, situate in a cold temperature, and surrounded by several small settlements. Its population is composed of 104 families of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes, and 888 Indians, and a convent of the religious of St. Domingo.

TLAXMALAC, SANTA ANA DE, a settle ment of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Iguala, containing 58 families of Indians.

TLAYOHUALCO, a settlement of the head settlement of Xoxutla and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavaca.

TLAZASALCA, a jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of the province and bishopric of Mechoacán, called also La Piedad. Its district is so small, as to consist of only seven moderate settlements; for the inhabitants prefer generally to live in their estates, in order to superintend their lands, and to keep the Indians to their labour. It is very fertile in maize, and has good breeds of large cattle, with which it carries on a considerable trade.

TLAZASALCA. The capital is of the same name. Its population consists of 65 families of Indians, and 111 of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes; who, one and the other, breed and trade in large and small cattle, sow maize and dress hides, of which they make shoes, boots, and saddles, for the other jurisdictions; cultivating also many fruits in their gardens. Seventy leagues w. by n. of Mexico.

The other settlements are:
Penjamillo,
La Piedad,

Sta. Maria Ture-
quaro,

S. Pedro Tahuenquato,

Los Santos Reyes, Atachéo. TLAZINTLA, a head settlement of the district of the jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of

Ixmiquilpan, in the which, and in the wards of its vicinity, there are 940 families of Otomies Indians, and about 50 of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes. It is of a mild temperature, being fertilized by an abundant stream flowing from the sierra of Mextitlan, and which runs to nearly all its wards, so that its territory is very pleasant, and abounding in fruit and garden herbs add to this, it has a good trade in coal found in the neighbouring mountain, as also in some seeds, which they sow, though in small quantities: two leagues and a half n. e. of its capital.

:

TLAZOYALTEPEC, SANTIAGO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Huitepec and alcaldía mayor of Ixquintepec. It contains 72 families of Indians, and is four leagues e. by n. of its capital.

TOA, a river of the island and government of San Juan de Puertorico, one of the Antilles : it rises in the mountains of Guyame, in the s. of the island, at 16 leagues from the capital, and running n. in a very wide stream, as far as the mountain Curvas, divides itself into two arms to enter the sea at the port.

TOACASO. See CHISAHALÓ.

TOACHI, a river of the province and government of Esmeraldas in the kingdom of Quito. It rises in the province of Tacunga in the . part, runs n. w. leaving the territory of Sichos, and, collecting the waters of the San Lorenzo, Yamboya, Figua, and Meme, enters the Blanco in lat. 8' n.

[TOAHOUTU, one of the two small islands to the n. e. of the s. end of Otaha Island, one of the Society Islands, in the S. Pacific Ocean.]

[TOAMENSING, two townships of Pennsylvania; the one in Montgomery County, the other in that of Northampton.]

TOAPE, a settlement of the province and government of Sonora in N. America.

TOBACO, a settlement in the province of Maryland, in the United States, belonging to Charles County, and situate near the river Potowmac, and at its mouth.

[TOBAGO, an island in the W. Indies, which, when in the hands of the Dutch, was called New Valcheren, is about 17 miles to the n. n. e. of Trinidad, and 152 s. of Barbadoes. Its length is about 26 miles, but its breadth only about six, and its circumference about 70 miles. The climate is not so hot as might be expected so near the equator; and it is said, that it lies out of the course of those hurricanes that have sometimes

proved so fatal to the other W. India islands. It has a fruitful soil, capable of producing sugar, and indeed every thing else that is raised in the W. India islands, with the addition (if we may believe the Dutch) of the cinnamon, nutmeg, and gum copal. It is well watered with numerous springs, and its bays and rivers are so disposed as to be very commodious for all kinds of shipping. The value and importance of this island appears from the extensive and formidable armaments sent thither in support of their different claims. It seems to have been chiefly possessed "by the Dutch, who defended their pretensions against both England and France with the most obstinate perseverance. By the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, it was declared neutral;

though, by the treaty of 1763, it was yielded up to Great Britain; but in June, 1781, it was taken by the French, and ceded to them by the treaty of 1783: and captured by the British in 1793, in whose hands it still remains.

In the report of the privy council on the Slave Trade, in 1788, the British property vested here is estimated at 28,000 taxed acres of patented estates; and the Negroes are computed at 14,883, at £.50 each Negro.

By return to House of Commons, 1806, the hogsheads of sugar, of 13 cwt. exported, were as follow: In 1789

5,800 8,800

15,327

Tobago lies in lat. 11° 16′ n. long. 60° 40′ w.] [TOBAGO Island, LITTLE, near the n. c. extremity of Tobago Island, in the W. Indies. It is about two miles long, and one broad.]

TOBAR, a settlement of the province and government of Venezuela in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; between the rivers Cocuisas and Salinas.

TOBAS, a settlement of the province and viceroyship of Buenos Ayres.

TOBASIA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Tunja in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It is of a moderately cold temperature, situate in a pleasant plain; produces wheat, maize, barley, and other fruits; but is very poor, and its population is composed of only 50 families of Indians and a few whites: eight leagues n. of Tunja.

pro

TOBATI, a settlement of Indians of the vince and government of Paraguay, situate in a plain about 30 miles e. from Asuncion, Lat. 25° 16' 16" s. and long. 57° 8' 59" w.

TOBATI-GUAZU, a small river of the pro

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