[land Mountain; but cannot be tempted to discover any of them to the white people. It is said that gold has been found here; but the mine from which that metal was extracted is now unknown to the white people. Ores and springs strongly impregnated with sulphur are found in various parts. Saltpetre caves are numerous; and in the course of the year 1796, several tons of saltpetre were sent to the Atlantic markets.

This country furnishes all the valuable articles of the S. States. Fine waggon and saddle horses, beef-cattle, ginseng, deer-skins and furs, cotton, hemp, and flax, may be transported by land; also iron, lumber, pork, and flour, may be exported in great quantities, now that the navigation of the Mississippi is opened to the citizens of the United States: but few of the inhabitants understand commerce, or are possessed of proper capitals; of course it is as yet but badly managed. However, being now an independent state, it is to be hoped that the eyes of the people will soon be opened to their true interest, and agriculture, commerce, and manufactures, will each receive proper attention.

The Presbyterians are the prevailing denomination of Christians; in 1788, they had 23 large congregations, who were then supplied by only six ministers. There are also some Baptists and Methodists. The inhabitants have paid great attention to the interests of science; besides private schools, there are three colleges established by law; Greenville in Green's County, Blount at Knoxville, and Washington in the county of that name. Here is likewise a "Society for promoting Useful Knowledge." A taste for literature is daily increasing. The inhabitants chiefly emigrated from Pennsylvania, and that part of Virginia that lies w. of the Blue Ridge. The ancestors of these people were generally of the Scotch nation, some of whom emigrated, first to Ireland, and from thence to America. A few Germans and English are intermixed. In 1788, it was thought there were 20 white persons to one Negro; and the disproportion is thought to be far greater now.

This country was included in the second charter of king Charles II. to the proprietors of Carolina. In a subsequent division it made a part of N. Carolina. It was explored about the year 1745, and settled by about 50 families in 1754; who were soon after driven off or destroyed by the Indians. Its settlement recommenced in 1765. The first permanent settlement took place near Long Island of Holston, and upon Watauga, about 1774; and the first appearance of any persons from it, in the public councils of N.

Carolina, was in the convention of that State in 1776. In the year 1780, a party of about 40 families, under the guidance and direction of James Robertson (since Brigadier-General Robertson of Mero District), passed through a wilderness of at least 300 miles to the French Lick, and there founded Nashville. Their nearest neighbours were the settlers of the infant state of Kentucky, between whom and them was a wilderness of 200 miles. From the year 1784 to 1788 the government of N. Carolina over this country was interrupted by the assumed State of Frankland; but, in the year 1789, the people returned to their allegiance. In 1789, N. Carolina ceded this territory to the United States, on certain conditions, and Congress provided for its government. A convention was held at Knoxville, in 1796, and on the 6th of February the constitution of the State of Tennessee was signed by every member of it. Its principles promise to ensure the happiness and prosperity of the people.

The following are the distances on the new road from Nashville, in Davidson County, to Fort Campbell, near the junction of Holston with the Tennessee.

From Nashville to Stony River
Big Spring
Cedar Lick
Little Spring
Barton's Creek

..

Spring Creek Martin's Spring Blair's Spring Buck Spring Fountaines Smith's Creek Coney River Mine Lick Palling Creek War Path Bear Creek Camp Creek King's Spring Grovet's Creek

Miles.

9

6

4

6

4

5

5

5

12

8

6

11

9

9

7

18

8

16

7

[By this new road, a pleasant passage may be had to the w. country with carriages, as there will be only the Cumberland Mountain to pass, and that is easy of ascent; and beyond it the road is generally level and firm, abounding with fine springs of water. The Indian tribes within and in the vicinity of this State are the Cherokees and Chickasaws.]

TENO, a river of the district of Chanco in the kingdom of Chile. It runs e. and enters the Martaquino.

[TENOCHTITLAN, or TEMEXTITAN, a city of the intendancy of Mexico. See MEXICO, intendancy of. Temistitan, Temixtitan, Tenoxtitlan, Temihtitlan, are all vicious alterations of the true name of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs, or Mexicans, called themselves also Tenochques, from whence the denomination of Tenochtitlan is derived.]

TENOI, a settlement of the province and government of Popayán, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada.

TENSA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Tunja, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate in a healthy and pleasant plain; is of a moderately hot temperature; abounds in maize, sugar-canes, plantains, and other productions of a hot climate, and especially in anise, in which consists its chief commerce, sending out cargoes continually for Cartagena, Mompox, and other parts. It contains more than 400 housekeepers, and a little more than 100 Indians. In its territory are the celebrated mines of the fine emeralds of Somondoco. It was conquered by Gonzalo Ximinez de Quesada in 1537. Ten leagues s. e. of Tunja, and 14 from Santa Fé.

[TENSAW, a settlement near Mobile Bay, inhabited by 90 American families, that have been Spanish subjects since 1783.]

TENTACION, a lake of the province and government of Venezuela, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada: it is formed by an arm of the river Portuguesa, on the shore opposite the town of S. Jayme.

TENTITLAN, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Cuicatlan in Nueva España. It is of a mild temperature, and its population consists of eight families of Spaniards and 22 of Mustees, who trade in seeds, cotton, and some cochineal. [Two hundred and four miles s. s. e. of Mexico.]

TEOCALZINCO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district Xoxutla and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavuca in Nueva España.

TEOCUITLAN, a principal and head set

mayor

of

tlement of the district of the alcaldía Layula in Nueva España; situate in a rough and stony territory, and, consequently, sterile. It contains 100 families of Indians, who grow their crops in some distant territories, and have a convent of Franciscans. Seven leagues e. of the capital.

TEOCUCLAPA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Acantepec and alcaldía mayor of Tlapa in Nueva España; united to its head settlement, and being very near to it. TEODORE, CABO DE, a point of land of the coast of Nova Scotia.

TEOLOACHI, a settlement of the missions which were held by the Jesuits in the province of Taraumara and kingdom of Vixcaya: 31 leagues nearly n. of the town and real of mines of Chiguaqua.

TEOLOYUCA, a settlement of the alcaldia mayor of Coautitlan in Nueva España; founded on the shore of the lake of Zumpango; and on a point of land formed by the two rivers Zapotlán and Jondo, when they enter that lake. It contains 385 families of Indians, and is two leagues s. of its capital.

TEOPANTLAN, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Izucar in Nueva España. It was formerly of the alcaldía of Aguatlan; but from the jurisdiction of this having been barren and unproductive, it was added to the former. It contains 116 families of Indians, who gather a trifling quantity of seeds. Thirteen leagues e. n. e. of its capital.

TEOPARI, a settlement of the missions which were held by the Jesuits in the province and government of Sonora and kingdom of Nu eva España.

TEOPIXCA, a town of the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa in the kingdom of Gua temala. It was a curacy and doctrinal establishment of the religious of St. Domingo, and then built in it a beautiful parish church. Its population, which is numerous, is composed entirely of Indians, very dexterous horsemen. The town is large, and passes for the principal after the capital. [It lies 42 miles e. with a slight inclination s. of Chiapa.]

TEOPUXCO, SANTA MARIA DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Teutitlan and alcaldía mayor of Cuicatlan in Nueva España. It contains 98 families of Indians, who trade in cochineal, seeds, and cotton garments. It is of a cold and moist tempera. ture, and is five leagues e. of its head settlement.

TEOTALCO, S. JUAN DE, a jurisdiction and

alcaldía mayor of Nueva España. Its district is much reduced and without trade, and, although it has some mines of silver, these are scarcely worked, as well from the bad alloy of the metal as for the want of funds in the inhabitants, who are thus, as it were, given up to total sloth. Its population consists only of the capital, which is of a warm temperature, and of the same name, and inhabited by 80 families of Mexican Indians, and 20 of Spaniards and Mustees; and of the settlements of Miltepec and Xolalpan. Twentyeight leagues s. of Mexico.

TEOTALCO, another settlement, which is the head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Villalta in the same kingdom. It contains 67 families of Indians, and is 14 leagues from its capital.

TEOTALCO, another, with the dedicatory title of S. Juan, in the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Teotihuacán; three leagues from its capital.

TEOTEPEC, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Zayula in Nueva España: it is of a mild and very healthy temperature, contains 50 families of Mustees and Mulattoes, and 200 of Indians, who trade alone in wheat and some large cattle. On the e. part is the great lake, or sear of Chapala, and a convent of Franciscans, which is the parish. Fifteen leagues n. by e. of its capital.

TEOTIHUACAN, a district and alcaldía mayor of Nueva España; bounded by those of Ecatepec and Tezcoco. It is eight leagues long from e. to w. and seven wide from n. to s. It is populous, and has many country estates and some wards included in three head settlements of the district. It produces in abundance maize, French-beans, barley, vetches, and fruit, of which it makes a trade; and, although fertile and fit for other productions, the drought experienced by the territory will not admit of their cultivation; and thus the Indians are rather given to the cultivation of maqueyes for the making of pulque, from which they derive great profit, carrying it for sale to Mexico. Its population consists of the following settlements:

S. Juan Totalco, S. Francisco Temascalapa,

Zacualuca,

S. Martin,

La Purificacion, S. Lorenzo,

of the same name, with the dedicatory title of S. Juan; of a mild temperature. It contains in the wards of its district 414 families of Indians, 160 of Spaniards, 25 of Mustees, and 52 of Mulattoes, and a good convent of Franciscans. [Twenty-three miles n. e. of Mexico, in lat. 19° Al' n. and long. 98° 48′ w.]

TEOTIHUACAN, a river of Nueva España, [on which the former capital is situated], which rises in the mountains n. e. of Mexico, collects the waters of many streams and cascades, and enters the lake of Acuima, which empties itself into the great lake of Mexico, called Tezcuco.

TEOTONGO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Tlaxiaco, and alcaldía mayor of Teposcolula in Nueva España. It contains 74 families of Indians, employed in the cultivation of cochineal, seeds, and cotton; and is four leagues e. by n. of its head settlement.

[TEOWENISTA Creek, runs s. about 28 miles, then w. six miles, and empties into Alleghany River, about 18 miles from its mouth, and nearly five below the Hickory Town.]

TEOZAPOTLAN, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Antequera in the province and bishopric of Oaxaca. It contains a convent of Dominicans, and 880 families of Indians, who live by the trade in cochineal and seeds.

TEOZAQUALCO, called also TEOCOCUILCO, a jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of Nueva España, in the province and bishopric of Oaxaca. It is much reduced, and yields nothing but some cochineal and maize; for, although it has some mines of silver, which were formerly worked to advantage, yet are they to-day all abandoned. The capital is the settlement of its name, containing 285 Chatinos Indians, and 12 families of Spaniards and Mulattoes. [Two hundred and four miles s. e. of Mexico, in lat. 17° 27′ n. and long. 96° 12′w.]

The other settlements are reduced to,
Teoxomulco,
A moltepec,
Tezontepec,
Ixtalutla.

Sta. Maria Actipaque,

S. Miguel Tlama

хас,

S. Juan Evangelista.

two families of Indians, 14 of Mustees and Mulattoes, and 23 of Indians. Six leagues from its head settlement.

TEOZINTLA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Xocutla, and alcaldía mayor of Chilapa in Nueva España. Three leagues e. of its head settlement.

TEPA, a settlement of the province and government of Sonora in Nueva España; situate on the shore of the river Yaquis.

TEPACHE, a settlement of the province and government of Sonora in Nueva España.

TEPACI, a river of the province and government of Paraguay, which rises in the sierras which are between the river of this name and the Paraná. It runs e. and enters the former, between those of Corrientes and Fareiri.

TEPACTEPEC, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Misquiahuala in the alcaldía mayor of Tepetango, and kingdom of Nueva España. It contains 180 families of Indians. TECALTATEPEC, S. FRANCISCO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Pinzandaro, and alcaldía mayor of Tanzitaro in Nueva España; of a very hot and dry temperature. It contains 65 families of Indians, and, in some ranchos of its district, 28 of Spaniards, and 49 of Mustees and Mulattoes, whose trade is in seeds, wax, and fruit. Five leagues w. of its head settlement.

TECALTATEPEC, another, with the dedicatory title of S. Juan, which is a head settlement of the district of the Chontales Indians, in the alcaldía mayor of Nexapa. It has annexed to its jurisdiction 55 families of Indians.

TEPANTCINCO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Xonacatepec, and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavaca in Nueva España. TEPANTEPEC, S. MATEO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Huitepec, and alcaldía mayor of Ixquintepec. It contains 66 families of Indians, including those of the wards of its district, and is four leagues e. by n. of its capital.

TEPANTLA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district, and alcaldía mayor of Atlan in Nueva España. It contains 20 families of Indians, who gather many seeds and fruits from the extreme fertility of its soil. It is annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Tenamaztlan, from whence it is somewhat more than four leagues w. by s.

TEPANTZINCO, the same as the settlement above mentioned, under the name of Te

pancinco. We prefer the spelling it with the as the more correct way of the two.

TEPAPAYECA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Izucar in Nueva España. In the district of its curacy are 10 small wards at a little distance from each other, and in which are numbered 420 families of Indians, and 40 of Mustees and Mulattoes. The territory is broken, but produces much wheat and maize. Two leagues and a half w. by n. of its capital, and rather to the n.

TEPEACA, a province and alcaldía mayor of Nueva España, in the bishopric of La Puebla de los Angeles. It is of a great extent, and generally of a hot temperature, although it has parts, some of which are warm and others cold. It abounds greatly in small cattle, of the wools of which they make woven stuffs, in which consists its principal commerce. its principal commerce. It produces also much wheat, barley, and other seeds, the crops of which are abundant; and not less in fruit, flowers, and garden herbs. In the celebrated valley of Balzaquillo, which is extensive, there are 56 cultivated estates. In this jurisdiction is the volcano of Orazava. Its numerous population consists of the following settlement:

TEPEACA, the capital, which is the city of its name, was founded near a mountain, of a moderately hot temperature, and with fine fresh water, although, at times, it is badly supplied with this article, the whole of it coming from the lofty sierra of Tlaxcala, which is seven leagues distant. The inhabitants have, therefore, the precaution of saving it in cisterns, and from these the town is supplied.

The population is composed of 80 families of Spaniards, 102 of Mustees, 22 of Mulattoes, and 481 of Indians. The principal square is large, and, in the middle of it, is a fort which served as a retreat and place of defence to the valorous Hernan Cortés and his army, upon his retiring from Mexico. This building is now in a state of great dilapidation, having undergone no repair whatever since that time. In one of the fronts of the said square, namely, that which looks to the e. is the convent of San Francisco, a large, magnificent, and beautiful building, founded entirely on arches, all the expenses of it having been defrayed by Cortés and his captains; and, although 250 years have now elapsed, yet is it entirely free from all damage or want of repair. On the other side of the square, and opposite this convent, is the parish-church, not so large, but of equal beauty and architecture.

This city has several woollen cloth manufactories, and in these consists its principal commerce with the other provinces. In its head settlement are 26 cultivated estates, inhabited by 177 families of Indians, and in which they gather abundant crops of wheat, barley, and other seeds, and, of the former alone, more than 100,000 fanegas (bushels) yearly. [It was called in the commencement of the conquest, Segura de la Frontera, (Cartas de Hernan Cortez, p. 155). It is 66 miles e. by s. of Mexico, in lat. 19° n. Long. 98° 2' w.]

The other settlements of this jurisdiction are,
La Purificacion,
Santa Maria Ostoti-

Santa Maria,
San Gabriel,
Nopaluca,

Santa Maria Acaxete,
Santa Isabel,

San Antonio Tlacomilco,

Santa Maria Magda-
lena,
San Salvador,
San Mateo, 2,
San Simon,

San Agustin del Pal

Santa Cruz Tlacote- Santa Ursola,

Todos Santos,

San Marcos,
San Luis,

San Andres,

San Simon,
San Sebastian, 2,
San Gerónimo,
Los Reyes.

TEPEAPULCO, a princiipal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Guayacocotla in Nueva España. It contains 64 families of Indians.

TEPEC, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Amaqueca, and alcaldía mayor of Zayula in Nueva España, at the foot of a mountain. It contains 40 families of Indians, and is two leagues w. of its head settlement.

TEPECUAČUILCO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Iquala in Nueva España; containing 122 families of Indians. [Its latitude, found by the method of Douwes, is (according to Humboldt) uncertain to the extent of nearly 3', 18° 20' 0".]

VOL. IV.

TEPEGUANES, a settlement and garrison of Nueva España, on the shore of the river of Las Nasas, and founded to restrain the Infidel Indians of this nation; who were at last destroyed through the exertions of the Count San Pedro del Alamo, who was sent to defend this territory.

The nation of barbarous Indians, from whom the above settlement took its name, inhabited the jurisdiction of the kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya, and was one of the most ferocious and valorous races of those regions, although not very numerous. They lived in temporary huts between rocky and broken places; they prided themselves as being superior to any of the Indians with whom they engaged, and particularly to the Acaxees and Taraumaras, their neighbours, and these were kept in such awe, as to permit them to carry away from their settlements their wives, without offering any resistance.

1

The Spaniards, allured by the richness of the silver-mines, established themselves pacifically amongst these Indians, and the father, Gerónimo Ramirez, of the Jesuits, entered amongst them to preach to them the faith. He founded the settlements of Santiago and Santa Catalina, and the numbers of his proselytes were daily encreasing by the labours of other missionaries until 1616, when there was a general apostacy, a rebellion being excited amongst the other nations, and the father, Hernando de Tovar, of the Jesuits; the father Juan de Gurierez, a Franciscan, being put to death, together with 200 Spaniards, who were made to undergo the greatest tortures. But the governor of Nueva Vizcaya, Don Gaspar de Alvear, of the order of Santiago, after several attempts, induced them at last to submit to be instructed by the missionaries of the Jesuits.

TEPEHUACAN, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Tepic in Nueva España. It is of a hot temperature, contains a convent of the religious of San Francisco, and 74 families of Indians, who occupy themselves in the cultivation and selling of cotton. Twelve leagues n. of its capital.

TEPEHUACAN, another, with the dedicatory title of Santiago, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Meztitlán in Nueva España. Its inhabitants, with those of the wards of its district, amount to 555 families, and is annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Tlanchinol; being 12 leagues n. n. e. of its capital. TEPEMAXALCO, a principal and head set

3 z