withstanding these employments, agriculture is not forgotten; for the earth produces fine crops of wheat, maize, and other seeds; and here are also some engines or mills in which they make sugar, honey, and loaf-sugar, which they carry for sale to the different provinces.

TENANGO, the capital, is the settlement of the same name; called also Teutelmango, and situate on the s. confines of the great valley of Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, and Metepec. It contains 188 families of Indians, and 25 of Spaniards and Mustees; all given to the cultivation of the seeds peculiar to the cold climate, such as wheat, barley, maize, beans, and vetches: 14 or 16 leagues s. w. of Mexico. [It is now a very small settlement, if at all in existence.]

The other settlements of this jurisdiction are, Marinaltenango, Santa Maria TololoaZaqualpa,

Santa Maria Escateo-
pán,
San Francisco Zica-
puzalco,
Santiago,

S. Simon Otzuma,
Acapetlahuaya,

pán,

S. Juan Alahuixtlan,
S. Juan Quetzala,
S. Simon Totoltepec,
Santa Maria Tonatico,
Ixtapa,

S. Francisco Coatepec.

TENANGO, another settlement, in the alcaldía mayor of Tasco; annexed to the curacy of its capital, from whence it lies three leagues to w. n.w. It contains 92 Indian families.

TENANGO, another, of the head settlement of the district, and alcaldía mayor of Tlapa. It is of a mild, though rather inclined to hot, temperature; contains 110 families of Indians, and is three leagues n. n. w. of its head settlement and capital.

TENANGO, another, with the dedicatory of Santiago, in the head settlement of the Quechula, and alcaldía mayor of Tepeaca. It contains two families of Spaniards, nine of Mustees, and 30 of Indians, and is close to its head settlement.

TENANGO, another, of the alcaldía mayor of Tulanzinco. It contains 510 families of Indians, and is 10 leagues n. e. of its capital. Its natives trade in clothes and cotton manufactures, and are great agriculturists. It is situate in the most broken part of the sierra.

TENANGO, another, a small settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Orizava in the district of Nogales, from whence it lies a quarter of a league to the n.

TENANGO, another, of the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Teutila. It is of a warm temperature, contains 100 families of Indians,

VOL. IV.

who trade in baynilla alone, and is 12 leagues n. of its capital.

TENANGO, another, of the province and alcaldía mayor of Zedales in the kingdom of Guatemala.

TENANTITLAN, SAN JUAN DE, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Acayuca in Nueva España. It is of a hot temperature, contains 50 families of Mulattoes, and 30 of Popolucos Indians. Eight leagues e. of its head settlement and capital.

TENANZINCO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Zoquizingo, and alcaldía mayor of Marinalco in Nueva España. It is of a cold and moist temperature, produces many seeds, fruit, woods, large and small cattle, and swine; contains 608 families of Indians, including those of four wards in its vicinity, 134 of Spaniards, and 53 of Mustees and Mulattoes. In its district is a large estate called La Teneria, through the midst of which passes a large river, whose copious waters irrigate the adjoining lands, wherein are gathered large crops of wheat, maize, barley, and other seeds. This settlement is surrounded by seven other estates, inhabited by about 50 families of Spaniards and Mustees. Two leagues w. of its capital.

TENAYUCA, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of Tacuba in Nueva España; formerly one of the finest towns in the kingdom, and the capital of the empire of the Chichimecos, and where the Emperor Xiloc held his court and palace; and at that time the lake came close up to it. After the conquest by the Spaniards it was one of the alcaldías mayores most esteemed for its advantages; but time has reduced it to a miserable village. It is situate on the skirt of a mountain, which is a stone quarry, from whence they extract large slabs for paving the places, which they call tenayucas, and from whence this settlement takes its name. It contains 160 families, and is three leagues n. n. w. of Mexico.

[TENCH'S Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, was discovered in 1790, by Lieutenant Ball, and was said to lie in lat. 1° 39′ s. and long. 151° 31'. It was supposed to be low, and only about two miles in circuit, but entirely covered with trees, including many of the cocoa-nut kind; also to abound with inhabitants, and the men appearing to be remarkably stout and healthy; but according to the most modern charts, this island seems not to exist in the place where Lieutenant Ball gives its position.] 3 Y

TENECUN, a settlement of the province and colony of Pennsylvania in the United States; where the Swedes have a house of assembly. It is undecided if it belong to the county of Bucks, or to that of Philadelphia.

TENENE, a settlement of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru, belonging to the jurisdiction of the capital; situate on the shore of the river Coromoros.

TENENTE, a settlement of the province and captainship of Rey in Brazil; situate between the rivers Negro and Merigrande.

TENERIFE, a town of the province and government of Santa Marta, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada: founded on the e. shore of the great river Magdalena, in 1536, by the French captain Henry. It was a large and commercial town formerly; but now reduced to a miserable village, inhabited only by people of colour. It is of a very hot and moist temperature. It had for its curate, for some time, San Luis Beltram, and in the vicinity of its parish-church is preserved the chasuble with which they used to say mass. [It is 97 miles s. with a slight inclination to the w. of Santa Marta, in lat. 9° 45′ n. and long. 74° 33' w.

TENEXAPA, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa in the kingdom of Guatemala.

TENEXCALCO, S. NICOLAS DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Chietlan, and alcaldía mayor of Izucar in Nueva España.

TENEXCO, a small settlement or ward of the alcaldía mayor of Guachinango in Nueva España; annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Pantepéc.

TENEXPA, SANTA MARIA DE, a principal and head settlement of the district, and alcaldía mayor of Antequera in the province and bishop ric of Oaxaca and kingdom of Nueva España. It contains 11 families of Indians, employed in the cultivation of seeds and cochineal, in which consists their trade.

TENEXTITLAN, a small settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Guachinango in Nueva España; annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Naupán.

TENEXTLATILOYAN, SAN MIGUEL DE, a head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of San Juan de los Llanos in Nueva España. From this spot begins the fertility of the mountains, and the waters here are so abundant that the whole serrania appears a garden covered

with fruit trees, particularly with apples. This cordillera extends as far as Zacatlan.

Throughout the whole of this country there are great indications of many mines, and these are corroborated from there having been found in 1725, in the river Teitic, at the foot of a mountain called Tolozin, some detached pieces of stone inlaid with veins of silver of two or three marks of the finest and best alloy. Although many have endeavoured to trace the origin of these stones, all attempts have hitherto been vain; nor have there been any stones of a similar nature even discovered in the neighbouring rivers or serranias, so that it is thought that they must have been thrown to that spot by some earthquake.

In these mountains are a great number of apes, parrots, pheasants, and other birds, who are secured by the uncultivated and craggy parts of the territory they inhabit. The temperatures of the several parts differ much; and here are not wanting many lions, tigers, and venomous serpents, which they call nauyaques.

TENEZACATAN, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa in the kingdom of Guatemala.

TENGUE, a river of the province and government of Guayaquil in the kingdom of Quito; which runs e. and enters the S. Sea in the Gulf of Guayaquil, opposite the island of Puná.

TENGUILEN, a small river of the district of Guadalabquen in the kingdom of Chile. It

runs s. s. e.

TENJO, a settlement of the corregimiento of Bogotá, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, celebrated for the houses and baths which belonged to the zipas, or kings, of Bogotá; from which court the settlement was seven leagues. It is of an agreeable and benign temperature, abounding in every species of fruit and seeds, and its popu lation is composed of more than 200 housekeepers, and 100 Indians; close to the settlement of Tabio, where its jurisdiction terminates. Here are still remaining the vestiges of the road which led to Santa Fé.

[TENISAWS, Indians of N. America, are emigrants from the Teneshaw River, that falls into the Bay of Mobile; have resided on Red River about 40 years; are reduced to about 25 Their village is within one mile of the Pascagolas, on the opposite side; but they have lately sold their land, and have, or are about moving to Bayau Boeuf, about 25 miles s. from where they lately lived. All speak French and

men.

Mobilian, and live much like their neighbours, the Pescagolas.]

[TENNANT'S Harbour, on the coast of the district of Maine, lies about three leagues from George's Islands.]

[TENNESSEE, a large, beautiful, and navigable river of the State of Tennessee, called by the French Cherokee, and absurdly by others Hogohegee River, is the largest branch of the Ohio. It rises in the mountains of S. Carolina with the name Tennessee, in about lat. 35° n. but its most remote sources are in Virginia, in lat. 37° 10, and pursues by its course about 1000 English miles s. and s. w. nearly to lat. 34° 30', receiving from both sides a number of large tributary streams. It then wheels about to the n. in a circuitous course, and mingles with the Ohio, nearly 60 miles from its mouth.

It is navigable for vessels of great burden to the Muscle Shoals, 250 English miles from its mouth. It is there about three miles broad, full of small isles, and only passable in small boats or batteaux. From these shoals to the Whirl, or Suck, the place where the river is contracted to the breadth of 70 yards, and breaks through the Great Ridge, or Cumberland Mountain, is 250 miles, and the navigation for large boats all the way excellent. The highest point of navigation upon this river is Tellico Block-house, 900 miles from its mouth, according to its meanders. It receives Holston River 22 miles below Knoxville, and then running w. 15 miles receives the Clinch. The other waters which empty into Tennessee, are Duck and Elk Rivers, and Crow Creek, on the one side; and the Occachappo, Chickamauga, and Hiwassee rivers on the s. and s. e. sides.

In the Tennessee and its upper branches are great numbers of fish, some of which are very large and of an excellent flavour. The river to which the name Tennessee was formerly confined, is that part of it which runs n. and receives Holston River 20 miles below Knoxville. The Coyeta, Chota, and Chilawee Indian towns, are on the w. side of the river; and the Talasse Town on the e. side.]

[TENNESSEE, EAST and WEST, form one of the United States of America, and, until 1796, were called the Tennessee Government, or Territory of the United States s. of the Ohio. This State is in length 410 miles, and in breadth 90; between lat. 35° and 36° 30′ n. and long. 81° 52′ and 90° 3' w. It is bounded n. by Kentucky and part of Virginia; e. by N. Carolina; s. by Georgia; w. by the Mississippi. It is divided into three districts, viz. Washington, Hamilton,

and Mero, which are subdivided into 13 counties, viz. Washington, Sullivan, Greene, Carter, Hawkins, Knox, Jefferson, Sevier, Blount, Grainger, Davidson, Sumner, Robertson, and Montgomery. The first four belong to Washington District, the next five to that of Hamilton, and the four latter to Mero District. The two former districts are divided from the latter, by an uninhabited country of 91 miles in extent; that is, from the block-houses at the point formed by the junction of the river Clinch with the Tennessee, called S. W. Point, to Fort Blount upon Cumberland River, through which there is a waggonroad, opened in the summer of 1795.

There are few countries so well watered with rivers and creeks. The principal rivers are the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Holston, and Clinch. The tract called the Broken Ground sends immediately into the Mississippi, the Wolf, Hatchee, Forked-Deer, Obian or Obean, and Reelfoot; which are from 30 to 80 yards wide at their mouths: most of the rivers have exceedingly rich low grounds, at the extremity of which is a second bank, as on most of the lands of the Mississippi. Mississippi. Besides these rivers, there are several smaller ones, and innumerable creeks, some of which are navigable. In short, there is hardly a spot in this country which is upwards of 20 miles distant from a navigable stream.

The chief mountains are, Stone, Yellow, Iron, Bald, and Unaka, adjoining to one another, from the e. boundary of the State, and separate it from N. Carolina; their direction is nearly from n. e. to s. w. The other mountains are Clinch and Cumberland. It would require a volume to describe the mountains of this State, above half of which is covered with those that are uninhabitable. Some of these mountains, particularly the Cumberland, or Great Laurel Ridge, are the most stupendous piles in the United States. They abound with ginseng and coal. The caverns and cascades in these mountains are innumerable. The Enchanted Mountain, about two miles s. of Brass Town, is famed for the curiosities on its rocks.

There are on several rocks a number of impressions resembling the tracks of turkeys, bears, horses, and human beings, as visible and perfect as they could be made on snow or sand. The latter were remarkable for having uniformly six toes each, one only excepted, which appeared to be the print of a Negro's foot. By this we must suppose the originals to have been the progeny of Titan or Anak. One of these tracks was very large, the length of the foot 16 inches,]

[the distance of the extremes of the outer toes 13 inches, the proximate breadth behind the toes seven inches, the diameter of the heel-ball five. One of the horse-tracks was likewise of an uncommon size, the transverse and conjugate diameters were eight by ten inches; perhaps the horse which the Great Warrior rode.

What appears the most in favour of their being the real tracks of the animals they represent, is the circumstance of a horse's foot having apparently slipped several inches, and recovered again, and the figures having all the same direction, like the trail of a company on a journey. If it be a lusus naturæ, the old dame never sported more seriously. If the operation of chance, perhaps there was never more apparent design. If it were done by art, it might be to perpetuate the remembrance of some remarkable event of war, or engagement fought on the ground. The vast heaps of stones near the place, said to be tombs of warriors slain in battle, seem to favour the supposition. The texture of the rocks is soft. The part on which the sun had the greatest influence, and which was the most indurated, could easily be cut with a knife, and appeared to be of the nature of the pipestone. Some of the Cherokees entertain an opinion that it always rains when any person visits the place, as if sympathetic nature wept at the recollection of the dreadful catastrophe which those figures were intended to comme

The soil is luxuriant, and will afford every production, the growth of any of the United States. The usual crop of cotton is 800lbs. to the acre, of a long and fine staple; and of corn, from 60 to 80 bushels. It is asserted, however, that the lands on the small rivers, that empty into the Mississippi, have a decided preference to those on Cumberland River, for the production of cotton, rice, and indigo. Of trees, the general growth is poplar, hickory, black and white walnut, all kinds of oaks, buck-eye, beech,

sycamore, black and honey locust, ash, hornbeam, elm, mulberry, cherry, dogwood, sassafras, poppaw, cucumber-tree, and the sugar-tree. The undergrowth, especially on low lands, is cane; some of which are upwards of 20 feet high, and so thick as to prevent any other plant from growing. Of herbs, roots, and shrubs, there are, Virginia and Seneca snake-root, ginseng, angelica, spice-wood, wild plum, crabapple, sweet annise, red-bud, ginger, spikenard, wild hop, and grape vines. The glades are covered with wild rye, wild oats, clover, buffaloegrass, strawberries, and pea-vines. On the hills, at the head of rivers, and in some high cliffs of Cumberland, are found majestic red cedars; many of these are four feet in diameter, and 40 feet clear of limbs.

The animals are such as are found in the neighbouring states. The rivers are well stocked with all kinds of fresh water fish; among which are trout, perch, cat-fish, buffaloe-fish, red-horse, eels, &c. Some cat-fish have been caught which weighed upwards of 100 pounds; the w. waters being more clear and pure than the e. rivers, the fish are in the same degree more firm and savoury to the taste.

The climate is temperate and healthful; the summers are very cool and pleasant in that part which is contiguous to the mountains that divide this State from N. Carolina; but on the w. side of the Cumberland Mountains the heat is more intense, which renders that part better calculated for the production of tobacco, cotton, and indigo. Lime-stone is common on both sides of Cumberland Mountain. There are no stagnant waters; and this is certainly one of the reasons why the inhabitants are not afflicted with those bilious and intermitting fevers, which are so frequent and often fatal near the same latitude on the coast of the S. States. Whatever may be the cause, the inhabitants have been remarkably healthy since they settled on the waters of Cumberland River.

The country abounds with mineral springs. Salt licks are found in many parts of the country. [See CAMPBELL'S SALINES.] Iron ore abounds in the districts of Washington and Hamilton, and fine streams to put iron-works in operation. Iron ore was lately discovered upon the s. of Cumberland River, about 30 miles below Nashville, and a furnace is now erecting. Several lead-mines have been discovered, and one on French Broad has been worked; the ore produced 75 per cent. in pure lead. The Indians say, that there are rich silver-mines in Cumber-]