government of Guayana, or Nueva Andalucia. It rises in the country of the Cudupinapos Indians, runs n. and enters the Caura.

SARAMAJOS, a settlement of the province and government of Guanuco in Peru; at the source and on the shore of the river Guallaga.

SARAMBIRA, a small river of the province and government of Chocó, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, and of the district of the kingdom of Raposo. It enters the S. Sea, opposite the island of Gorgona.

SARAMECA, a large and abundant river of Guayana, in the part of this province possessed by the Dutch, or colony of Surinam. It runs n. for many leagues in a winding course, and unites itself with the Copename, these together entering the sea near the Surinam.

SARAMISSUES, a barbarous and ancient nation of Indians, to the n. of Cuzco. The emperor Huayna-Capac, having entered their territory to subject them to the empire, saw that they were so brutal, as to appear rather like beasts than men. He therefore abandoned them, saying, "let us return, for these creatures are not worthy of me as their lord."

SARAN, a settlement of the province and government of Venezuela in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, near the settlement of Bayladores, a very lofty mountain lying between them.

[SARANAC, a river of New York, which passes through Plattsburg, and empties into Lake Champlain from the w. It has been explored nearly 30 miles, and there found equal in size to the mouth. It abounds with salmon, bass, pike, pickerel, trout, &c. At the mouth of the river salmon are found in such plenty, that it is usual to take 400 or 500 a day, with spears and small scoop-nets. They are caught from May till November.]

SARAOA, a lake of the country of Amazonas, in the part possessed by the Portuguese. It is formed from a waste-water of that river, near the island Dos Ramos.

SARAPIQUI, a river of the province and government of Costa-rica in the kingdom of Guatemala. It runs n. and enters the San Juan or Desaguadero in the lake of Nicaragua, in the middle of its course.

SARARE, S. NICOLAS DE, a settlement of the province and government of Venezuela in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; on the shore of the river of its name, to the n. of the town of Araure. Its population consists of Spaniards and other casts, of the which some dwell in the settlement, and others in fields where they have

their crops and herds of neat-cattle, mules, and horses. It was founded in quality of a mission in 1754 by the Andalucian Capuchin missionaries of this province; and it was under their charge till 1759, when it was transferred to a priest with the title of vice-curate of the city of Barquisimeto, from which time its church became a collegiate. It is bounded e. by the settlement of Santa Ines del Altar, from whence it is distant seven leagues; w. by the settlement of Cubiro of the vicarage of Tocuyo, two miles distant, a lofty serrania intervening; n. by the settlement of Yaritagua, eight leagues distant, and at the same rhumb, though with some inclination to the w. by the city of Barquisimeto; and s. by the town of Araure. It contains 203 Spaniards, 297 Indians, 496 Pards, and 194 Negroes.

SARARE. This river rises e. of the city of Tucuyo, and unites itself with that of S. Juan and Cojede to enter the Portuguese, [or Portugaire.]

SARARE, another river, in the province and government of S. Juan de los Llanos in the same kingdom. It rises in the sierras of Pamplona to the s. of this city. [It runs s. e. about 20 miles, and afterwards turns e. and enters the Apure. It serves at the present day as part of the boundary between the kingdom of Grenada and the captainship of Caracas.]

[SARARE, another, a settlement situate at the source of the above river.]

SARARE, another, a small river of the province and district of Matogroso in the kingdom of Brazil. It rises near the settlement of San Francisco Xavier of the Chiquitos Indians in Peru, runs s. e. and enters the Itenes.

SARATI, a river of the province and kingdom of Tierra Firme, in the district and settlement of Chepo. Its stream is quiet, waters sweet, and its shores are cultivated and covered with estates. It enters the sea in the Gulf of Panamá, in lat. 8° 21' n.

[SARATOGA, a county of the state of New York, bounded e. and n. by Hudson's River, which separates it from Rensselaer and Washington Counties, and s. by Mohawk River. It has been established since 1790, and is divided into eight townships, viz. Greenfield, Ballstown, Charlton, Half Moon, Milton, Saratoga, Galway, and Stillwater. In 1796, 3270 of the inhabitants were qualified electors.]

[SARATOGA, or SARAGHTOGA, a township of New York, situate in Saratoga County, on the w. side of Hudson's River, 26 miles n. of Albany. It contains few houses in a compact state. In

1790, when it belonged to Albany County, it contained 3071 inhabitants; and there were here in 1796, 542 qualified electors. It will ever be distinguished in history, for being the place at which General Burgoyne was obliged to surrender his army in 1777.

This town is also famous for its medicinal waters, called the Saratoga Springs. They are 10 miles from Ballstown, in a shallow vale or marsh, in several respects resembling that of Ballstown. These waters appear to have received as strong, if not stronger, impregnation of the same kind of ingredients that enter those of Ballstown, and may be a stream of the same fountain running through the same kind of calcareous earth. One of these springs is covered over by a natural cretacious, or rather calcareous pyramid, about five or six feet high. This hollow pyramid, or cone, has a hole in the top about six inches over. If we look into this hole we see the mineral water boiling vehemently like a pot over the fire; the water is nevertheless intensely cold, and is said to be, in every respect, smarter than that at Ballstown. The calcareous matter extends for several rods from the basis of this pyramid. There are several idle stories related of this spring; one is, that it overflows at certain stages of the moon. This is not true. As this is found to be false, they tell you it overflows once a year; but this has as little foundation in truth as the other. People who live at these springs think they must relate something marvellous by way of enhancing the value of the waters, and reconciling you to the great expense attending these visits.]

SÅRA-URCU, a lofty mountain and volcano of the kingdom of Quito, which forms part of the cordillera of Guamaní on the e. of that capital. On two occasions it has vomited fire, and afterwards water: in lat. 23' s.

SARAW, a settlement of Indians of the province of S. Carolina, on the shore of the river Pedi.

SARA-YACU, a river which signifies the water of maize. It flows down from the mountains to the w. of the Marañon [Proper, but which is here called Paro, and Ucayale], in the province and corregimiento of Guanuco in Peru, and, after many windings, enters the Ucayale in lat. 6° 45's. It is accustomed also to be called De Pisque.

SARBE, a large and abundant river of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, in the province and corregimiento of Muzo.

SARDINAS, a river of the province and kingdom of Tierra Firme; which rises in the mountains of Mandinga, near the point of San

Blas, and enters the N. Sea opposite the settlement of Palenque.

SARDINAS, another river, in the province and government of Maracaibo and Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It rises in the valley of Chama, runs nearly due s. and enters the Sulia, just before this joins the lake of Maracaibo.

SARDINAS, another, in the province and government of Mainas and kingdom of Quito. It rises in the confines of the province of Quixos, runs e. and enters the Aguarico. The engineer Bellin wrongly asserts that it enters the Orinoco.

SARDINAS, a gulf on the e. coast of the lands of Magellan, or Patagonia, formed between Cape Redondo to the n. and that of Santa Elena to the s.

SARDINAS, a very lofty mountain, called Ancon de Sardinas, on a point or long strip of land of the coast of the S. Sea, in the province and government of Esmeraldas, on the side of Port Tumaco.

SARDINATA, a river of the province and government of Maracaibo in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It rises n. of the city of Las Palmas, and enters the Sulia.

[SARDO, a cape on the coast of New Spain, and in the N. Sea.]

[SARECTO, the chief town of Duplin County, N. Carolina, situate on the w. side of the n. c. branch of Cape Fear River, which affords water for rafts to the town. It contains a court-house, gaol, and about 20 houses. It is 46 miles above Wilmington, to the n.]

[SARENA, a town on the coast of Chile, in S. America, on the coast of the South Pacific Ocean. Lat. 29° 56' s. long. 71° 14' w.]

SAREPE, a river of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, in the province and government of San Juan de los Llanos. It runs through the country of the Salivas Indians to the w. and, after many leagues, turns n. n. e. and enters the Enecaramú by the s. part.

SARURAS, a barbarous nation of Indians of the same province and kingdom as the former river. They dwell between those of Sinaruco to the w. and are numerous and valorous. The Jesuits began to reduce them to the faith with success in 1739.

SARHUA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Vilcas-Huaman in Peru; annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Chuschi.

[SARINHAYM, a river on the s. e. coast of Brazil, and opposite to the island of Alexo, which is w. of Cape St. Augustine.]

[SARMIENTO ISLANDS, PEDRO DE, in the

S. Pacific Ocean, are thought to be the same as the Duke of York's Islands, n. of the w. end of the Straits of Magellan. They lie in about lat. 50° s. and are about 80 in number.]

SARNABITIVA, a small river of the province and captainship of Portoseguro in Brazil. It rises near the coast, runs e. and enters the sea between the Itamhaen and the mountain Pasqual. [SARONILLA, or SERVANILLA, or SERRAILLA, shoals off the island of Jamaica, 130 miles w. s. w. of Pedro Shoals, and 203 s. w. of Portland Point. The middle of them lie in lat. 15° 44' n. and long. 79° 59' w. w.]

SARUMILLA, a settlement and asiento of silver mines of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla in Peru; annexed to the curacy of its capital.

SAS, a small river of the province and government of Quixos and Macas in the kingdom of Quito. It enters just after its rise into the Putumayo.

SASACINA, a settlement of the jurisdiction of the town of Honda in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It is of an hot temperature, very abundant in tobacco, cotton, and other vegetable productions of its climate; but its inhabitants, who may amount to 100, are much infested, together with some Indians who live here, with mosquitoes, spiders, snakes, and other venomous insects. Ten leagues from Honda, in the midroad between this town and Santa Fé.

[SASCACHAWAN, or SASKASHAWAN, a large river which is navigable very near to its sources. It has its origin in the Rocky Mountains, from whence flow many of its branches; the two principal of which are denominated by n. and s. branches; which, after running very curvature courses to the e. join about 60 miles e. of Hudson's House. From the sources to this junction is about 440 miles in a direct line; from the above junction it runs n. e. to Pine Island Lake, from whence there is a communication by a short portage to Nelson's River. From Pine Island Lake it runs in a s. e. direction through Devil's Drum Lake, and afterwards through Cedar Lake, and empties into the Winnipig Lake. From Lake Winnipig there is a water communication through Play Green Lake and Nelson's River to York Fort on the w. coast of Hudson's Bay.

ŠASPOS, a small river of the province and government of Buenos Ayres in Peru. It runs s. and then turns e. to enter the Uruguay in the winding this river gives to the w. [SASSAFRAS, a small navigable river of

Maryland, which rises in Delaware State, and runs w. into Chesapeak Bay. It separates Kent County from that of Cecil, and has the towns of Fredericktown, Georgetown, and Sassafras on its banks. The latter is five miles e. by n. of Georgetown, and about three s. of Warwick.]

SATEBO, a settlement of the missions that were held by the Jesuits in the province of Tepeguana and kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya. SATICO. See TANASEE.

SATIGNAN, a settlement of Canada, on the shore of the river La Chaudiere, four leagues from the city of Quebec.

[SATILLA, GREAT and LITTLE, two rivers of Georgia, which fall into the ocean in Camden County, between the Alatamaha and St. Mary's Rivers.]

SATIVA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Tunja in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It is of a cold but healthy temperature, and abounding in the vegetable productions of this climate, as also in flour, with which it provides Santa Fé and the other settlements. Its parish church is one of the best of the kingdom, though its inhabitants, whose number exceeds 1000, are much afflicted with the garganta, or swelling of the throat, a disease very common in these parts: [106 miles n. e. of Santa Fé, and 58 from Tunja,] in the same rhumb, in the high road leading to Pamplona, Merida, Caracas, and Ocaña.

SATIVA, another settlement in the same province and kingdom, at a small distance from the former, and like it abounding in productions, and of a favourable climate. Its population is only 60 Indians and a few Spaniards, and it is much visited by persons coming to the veneration of a miraculous image of Christ crucified, which is in its church.

SATOCA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Arica in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Cibaya.

[SAVAGE, a small river of Maryland, which runs s. through Alleghany County, and empties into the Patowmac, w. of George's Creek. Its mouth is 18 miles s. w. of Fort Cumberland. Boats carrying 10 tons can reach Alexandria in four or five days, but will take double the time to return.]

[SAVAGE Creek, a small bay on the n. w. coast of Newfoundland, near the w. entrance of the bay of Mouco, and 20 leagues n. e. of Cape Ferrol.]

[SAVAGE Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is about 33 miles in circuit, and is inhabited by

savages. It is overrun with bushes, and has no port. Lat. 19° 2′s. long. 169° 30' w.]

[SAVAGE Island, GREAT, in Hudson's Straits. Lat. 62° 30′ n. long. 70° 47'w. High water, at full and change, at ten o'clock.]

[SAVAGE Island, LOWER, in the same straits, has high water, at full and change, at nine o'clock. Lat. 61° 48′ n. long. 66° 3′ w.]

[SAVAGE Point, UPPER, on the n. side of Hudson's Straits, s. e. of Cape Charles, and the n. w. point of an inlet up into the land, so as to form the island of Good Fortune.]

[SAVAGE's Post, at the Rock Landing, 10 miles below the Falls of Oconee River.]

[SAVAGE Sound, a passage in the n. part of the Welcome Sea, in Hudson's Bay, into Repulse Bay. It is but little known.]

ŠAVALO, a settlement of the province and government of Darien and kingdom of Tierra Firme; on the shore of a small river, near the coast of the S. Sea.

SAVANA, a generical word used in many provinces of America for meadow or llanura, in which cattle feed. It is equivalent also to the word ejido, signifying a common.

SAVANA GRANDE, a port of the island of Cuba, on the s. coast, between the port of Yatera and the river Guatiquiri.

SAVANDIJA, a large and abundant river of the province and government of Neiva in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; thus called by the Spaniards since the time of the conquest, from a very extraordinary sabandija or grub found here; it having been formerly called Quamo; and in its vicinity is a rich gold mine, still preserving the latter name.

SAVANETAS, Point of, on the n. coast of St. Domingo, between Cape Frances Vieux and Port Yaqueson.

SAVANILLA, a river of the province and government of Quixos and Macas in the kingdom of Quito. It runs s. in the district of the city of Zamora, and unites itself with the Bombasicaro to enter the Zamora by the n. part. In lat. 4° 3's.

[SAVANNAH, a bay at the e. end of the island of Antigua, near the s. e. part of Green Island, on the s. side, a little westward of Indian Creek.]

[SAVANNAH Channel, towards the s. e. point of the s. side of the island of Jamaica; a short way w. of Port Morant Harbour; between them is Fisherman's River.]

[SAVANNAH, a port of entry and post-town of Georgia, and formerly the metropolis of the

VOL. IV.

State; situate in Chatham County, on the s. side of the river Savannah, on a high sandy bluff, 13 miles from the ocean." It is well laid out for a warm climate, in the form of a parallelogram, about a mile and a quarter long, and half a mile wide. The streets are wide, and open into spacious squares, each of which has a pump in the centre, surrounded by a small plantation of trees. A great disadvantage, however, to the town, is the total want of foot-paths and pavement. Improvements of this nature would render walking more agreeable, and the town more cool and healthy. At present, one sinks at every step, up to the ancles in sand; and, in windy weather, the eyes, mouth, and nostrils, are filled with it. The magistrates are charged with neglect for not paving and improving the town; but, economy is their foible.

The houses are mostly built of wood, and stand separate from each other, divided by court-yards, except in two or three streets, where they are close built, many of them with brick, and contain several shops and stores. One large range of brick buildings stands near the market-place, and, at a distance, has the appearance of an hospital. It is the property of one person, who built it on a speculation. It is divided into distinct houses, the ground-floor being appropriated to retail stores, and the upper apartments to private lodgings. But the principal street is that called the Bay, where there are several very good houses of brick and wood. Some contain booksellers', grocers', and drapers' stores, others are private dwellings. This range of buildings extends nearly three-quarters of a mile along the town; and opposite to it is a beautiful walk or mall, planted with a double row of trees, the same as those at Charleston, (Melia Azedarach, or Pride of India.) These trees are also planted in different parts of the town, but are supposed to be unfriendly to the health of the inhabitants. The shade of their thick foliage, however, forms an agreeable relief from the scorching beams of the

sun, and they never engender or harbour any noxious insects upon their branches, which are advantages that have brought them into repute both in Charleston and Savannah.

This agreeable promenade is situate near the margin of the height or bluff, upon which the town stands; and the merchants' stores, warehouses, and wharfs, for landing, housing, and shipping of goods, are built immediately below, along the shore, forming, in some degree, a sort of lower town. From the height there is a fine commanding view of the Savannah River as far]

3 F

as the sea, and for several miles above the town. The river is intersected by several extensive swamp islands, which divide it into different channels. They have been converted into excellent rice grounds, as they lie very low, and are easily inundated at the proper seasons, which the culture of that grain requires. The Negroes employed in that work live on the islands, in small wooden huts, exposed to the night dews and exhalations from the marshy soil, surrounded also by frequent fogs off the water. The continual moisture and dampness in which they live, would kill a white man in a few months. In the first settlement of the colony, Negroes were prohibited to the settlers, but they now nearly equal the white population.

About the centre of the walk, and just on the verge of the cliff, stands the exchange, a large brick building, which contains some public offices; and an assembly-room, where a concert and ball are held once a fortnight, during the winter. Upon the top of this building is a steeple, and from it may be had a very extensive panorama view of the town, the shipping, the river, and surrounding country. The prospect is bounded by immense forests, and very little land appears cleared in the vicinity of the town.

Savannah, including its suburbs, contained in 1787 about 2300 inhabitants, of whom about 80 or 90 were Jews. By a census taken five or six years ago, its population consisted of 3009 whites and free people of colour, and 2376 slaves, making a total of 5385. At present it is supposed to be about 6000. The public buildings consist of the Branch bank of the United States, the Exchange, four or five places of worship; and a gaol, built upon the common, some distance from town. The latter is a large strong brick building, and well adapted for the confinement of refractory Negroes, and other of fenders against the laws.

A large burying-ground is judiciously situate out of town, upon the common. It is inclosed by a brick wall, and contains several monuments, and tomb-stones, which are shaded by willows and pride of India; and have a very pretty effect. This cemetery, though now a considerable distance from the town, will, in time, most probably, be surrounded by the dwellings of the inhabitants, like those of New York and Charleston. In hot climates, these places infect the atmosphere with unwholesome exhalations, and injure the health of the people. They should at least be two or three miles away from all habitations.

But Savannah is not likely to increase

very rapidly; for adventurers reside there as at Charleston, merely for the purpose of accumulating a speedy fortune in trade; and then retire either to their native country, or to some other part, more congenial to health and comfort.

The situation of Savannah, and the plan upon which it is laid out, would, if the town contained better houses, render it far more agreeable, as a place of residence, than Charleston. Its greater elevation, it is supposed, must also be more conducive to the health of the inhabitants, than the low and flat situation of the other city. Both, however, are in the neighbourhood of swamps, marshes, and thick woods, which are apt to engender diseases, injurious to the constitution of white people. Georgia, like Carolina, is subject to frequent storms, hurricanes, and inundations. In 1806, a hurricane tore up the grove of trees on the Bay at Savannah, did great damage to the town and shipping, levelled all the Negro huts on the swamp islands, and destroyed several of the Negroes. Savannah has also suffered much from fire. More than two-thirds of it was consumed by that which happened in the fall of 1796.

The exports for one year, ending the 30th of September, 1794, amounted to the value of 263,830 dollars. This city was bravely defended by the British General Prevost, against a superior force, headed by Count d'Estaing and General Lincoln. The allies made a fatal and unsuccessful attack on the 18th of October, 1779, when they were obliged to retreat, after having from 1000 to 1200 men killed and wounded.

The road from Savannah to St. Mary's is very indifferent, and the stage goes no further than Darien; from thence the mail and passengers proceed in a canoe for upwards of 40 miles coastwise, between the numerous islands and the sea. In the spring of 1808 the mail-boat was lost in this passage; and two monks, who happened to be passengers in it, were drowned. It is 129 miles n. by e. of St. Mary's, 132 s. w. by s. from Augusta, and 925 in a like direction from Philadelphia, including the windings of the roads. Lat. 32° 4' n. long. 81° 11' 30" w.]

[SAVANNAH River divides the state of Georgia from that of S. Carolina, and pursues a course nearly from n. w. to s. e. It is formed chiefly of two branches, the Tugelo and Keowee, which spring from the mountains, and unite under the name of Savannah, 15 miles n. w. of the n. boundary of Wilkes County. Its navigation for large vessels is 17 miles up to Savannah, and for boats of 100 feet keel to Augusta. After rising a fall]