to the conversion of the Indians, and made a very useful regulation for the government of Rhode Island. This plantation occupies a district of 20 square miles, and is separate from Connecticut on the w. by an imaginary line drawn from n. to s. and from Massachusetts by another line from e. to w. See article RHODE ISLAND.] public uses. public uses. The roof is slated. It is a flourishing seminary, and contains upwards of 60 students. It has a library, containing between two and 3000 volumes, and a valuable philosophical apparatus. The houses in this town are generally built of wood, though there are some brick buildings which are large and elegant. Ata convenient distance from the town, an hospital for [PROVIDENCE, the chief town of the above the small-pox and other diseases has been erectcounty, situate 22 miles n. by w. w. from New- ed. There are two spermaceti works, a number port, and 24 from the sea; seated at the head of of distilleries, sugar-houses, and other manunavigation of Narraganset Bay, on both sides factories. Several forts were erected in and near of Providence River, the two parts of the town the town during the war, which, however, are being connected by a bridge, 160 feet long and not kept in repair. It has an extensive trade 22 wide. It is the oldest town in the State, with Massachusetts, Connecticut, and part of having been settled by Roger Williams and his Vermont; with the W. Indies, with Europe, and company in 1636; and lies in lat. 41° 46′ n. and lately with the E. Indies and China. A bank has long 71° 23′ w. 37 miles s. by w. of Boston, and also been established here, and a cotton manu206 n. e. of Philadelphia. Ships of almost any factory, which employs 100 hands; with which size sail up and down the channel, which is is connected a mill for spinning cotton, on the marked out by stakes, erected at points of shoals model of Sir R. Arkwright's mill. It is erected and beds lying in the river, so that a stranger at Pawtucket Falls, in N. Providence, and is the may come up to the town without a pilot. A first of the kind built in America. The exship of 950 tons, for the E. India trade, was lately ports for one year, ending September 30, 1794, built in this town, and fitted for sea. In 1764, amounted to the value of 643,373 dollars. It conthere were belonging to the county of Providence tains 6380 inhabitants, including 48 slaves.] 54 sail of vessels, containing 4320 tons. In 1790, there were 129 vessels, containing 11,942 tons. This town suffered much by the Indian war of 1675, when a number of its inhabitants removed to Rhode Island for shelter. In the late war, the case was reversed; many of the inhabitants of that island removed to Providence. The public buildings are, an elegant meeting-house for Baptists, 80 feet square, with a lofty and beautiful steeple, and a large bell, cast at the Hope Furnace in Scituate; a meeting-house for Friends and Quakers; three for Congregationalists, one of which, lately erected, is the most elegant perhaps in the United States; an Episcopal church; a handsome court-house, 70 feet by 40, in which is deposited a library for the use of the inhabitants of the town and country; a work-house; a market-house, 80 feet long and 40 wide; and a brick school-house, in which four schools are kept. Rhode Island college is established at Providence. The elegant building erected for its accommodation, is situate on a hill to the e. of the town; and while its elevated situation renders it delightful, by commanding an extensive variegated prospect, it furnishes it with a pure, salubrious air. The edifice is of brick, four stories high, 150 feet long and 46 wide, with a projection of 10 feet each side. It has 48 rooms for students, and eight larger ones for [PROVIDENCE, North, a township of Rhode Island, in Providence County, n. of the town of Providence, s. of Smithfield, and separated from the State of Massachusetts on the e. by Pawtucket river. It contains 1071 inhabitants, including five slaves.] [ProvIDENCE, a river which falls into Narraganset Bay on the w. side of Rhode Island. It rises by several branches, part of which come from Massachusetts. It is navigable as far as Providence for ships of 900 tons, 30 miles from the sea. It affords fine fish, oysters, and lobsters.] [PROVIDENCE, a township of New York, situate in Saratoga County, taken from Galway, and incorporated in 1796.] [PROVIDENCE, Upper and Lower, townships in-Delaware County, Pennsylvania. [PROVIDENCE, a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.] PROVIDENCE, an island of the N. Sea, near the coast of Honduras, in the kingdom of Guatemala. It is 11 miles long and four wide, and is celebrated in the history of the buccaniers or pirates, who fortified it, making it their refuge for some years. Its w. extremity, called the Island of Santa Catalina, is separated from the rest of the island by a narrow channel, over which was thrown a bridge by the said pirates. Notwithstanding it be small, it should be considered as one of the best of the W. India islands, as well from its fertility as from the salubrity of its climate; to which may be added the facility of its fortification and defence of its coasts, the abundance of its fine water, and the circumstance of there being in it no serpent or venomous insect. [PROVINCE, an island in Delaware River, six miles below Philadelphia. It is joined to the main land by a dam.] [PROVINCE Town is situate on the hook of Cape Cod, in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, three miles n. w. of Race Point. Its harbour, which is one of the best in the State, opens to the s. and has depth of water for any ships. This was the first port entered by the English when they came to settle in New England, in 1620. It has been in a thriving and decaying state many times. It is now rising, and contains 454 inhabitants; whose sole dependence is upon the codfishery, in which they employ 20 sail, great and small. Ten of their vessels, in 1790, took 11,000 quintals of cod-fish. They are so expert and successful, that they have not lost a vessel or a man in the business, since the war. The houses, in The houses, in number about 90, stand on the inner side of the cape, fronting the s. e. They are one story high, and set upon piles, that the driving sands may pass under them; otherwise they would be buried in sand. They raise nothing from their lands, but are wholly dependent on Boston, and the towns in the vicinity, for every vegetable production. There are but two horses and two yokes of oxen kept in the town. They have about 50 cows, which feed in the spring upon beach grass, which grows at intervals upon the shore; and in summer they feed in the sunken ponds and marshy places that are found between the sandhills. Here the cows are seen wading, and even swimming, plunging their heads into the water up to their horns, picking a scanty subsistence from the roots and herbs produced in the water. They are fed in the winter on sedge, cut from the flats.] [PRUCEROS, a cape on the coast of New Spain, in the S. Sea.] PRUDENCE, an island of the N. Sea, situate in the Bay of Narraganset in the province of Rhode Island. It is five leagues long from n. to s. of a triangular figure, one mile wide on one side and three on another, and having its w. extremity five miles from Bristol. PUACHUN, a settlement of Indians of the province and corregimiento of Itata in the king dom of Chile, near the river of this name and the coast. PUANAS, VALLE DE, a settlement of the province and kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya in N. America; situate between the real of mines of Sombrerete and the city of Guadiana. PUANCHU, a settlement of Indians of the district of Tolten Baxo in the kingdom of Chile, on the coast and on the shore of the river Budi. PUANTE, a river of Canada, which rises from the Lake Amaguntick, runs nearly due w. and enters the St. Lawrence. PUANTS, Bay of, on the w. coast of the Lake Michagan in Canada. It is very large, handsome, and convenient, is many leagues long, and in the form of a sack. Its entrance is full of islands, inhabited by Ponteoutamis Indians, and in the most interior part of it the French have built the fort called Otchagros; also, at a small distance from this, a small river intervening, is the setlement of Indians reduced to the faith by the Jesuits, of the name of San Francisco Xavier. [See LAKE MICHIGAN and GREEN BAY.] PUANLLABQUEN, a river of the kingdom of Chile, which runs s. and enters the Valdivia. In its vicinity the Spaniards have built a fort to restrain the infidel Indians. PUCANA, a settlement of Indians, of the province and colony of S. Carolina, on the shore of the river Albama. PUCARA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Lampa in Peru, on the skirt of the cordillera of Vilcanota; and consequently of a very cold temperature, and subject to tempests. Near it are to be seen the ruins of a castle, which was of the heathens, of a square figure, and within it two reservoirs, the beds of which are formed of stone, some being of the size of three yards in length and two in width. Not far from hence is a fountain of warm water. PUCARA, another settlement, in the province and corregimiento of Xauja in the same kingdom, annexed to the curacy of Huancayo. PUCARA, another, of the province and corregimiento of Guarochiri in the same kingdom, annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Yauli. PUCARA, another, of the province and government of Tucumán in the same kingdom; and of the district of the city of Cordoba, on the shore of the river of its name. PUCARA, another, a river in the same province; it rises near the R. Primero, close to the settlement of Candelaria, pursues an e. course, laving along the s. side of the city of Cordova, and after a course of about 130 miles empties it self into a lake about 25 miles s. of the lake of Saladas de los Porangos. PUCARA, another, of the province and government of Jaen de Bracamaros in the kingdom of Quito. PUCARA, a river of the province and government of Tucumán, which rises in the mountains of the city of Córdoba, passes opposite it, running e. and enters the Salado. PUCARANI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Omasuyos in Peru. In the time of the Indians it was called Quescamarca, which signifies the place of stones, from the abundance of these found in its mountains. Also, the Spaniards, when they peopled it in the time of the Viceroy Don Francisco de Toledo, called it Pucarani, to please the Indians, and in memory of a fortress which they had four leagues from thence, to defend themselves from the Pacajes Indians. It is w. of Tiaguanaco, and three leagues from the great lake Titicaca, from whence the inhabitants supply themselves with plenty of fish. These Gentiles adored a mountain, which rises conspicuous amidst the others of the corderilla, and which is the one nearest to the settlement called Cacaaca, and always covered with snow. In this mountain the Indians have a figure of an Indian in stone, of half a yard high, and to this they sacrifice, by way of propitiation, human creatures, whenever they think the deity is angry, and at other times sheep, rabbits, and other animals. After the conquest of the kingdom, there entered to preach here the fathers Juan Caldera de Roxas and Pedro Sanchez Bernal, most pious clergy, and zealous in the cause of religion. In 1576, the religious of St. Augustin left this curacy for that of Viacha, which is very near; and the first curate of which was Fr. Juan del Canto. It has been rendered celebrated from the devout sanctuary of the miraculous image of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, with the dedicatory title of Gracia, and commonly called Pucarani: this image was brought here in 1589, by the fathers Nicolas Ximenez and Geronimo Gamarra, and was made from a model of the image of Copacavana, by Don Francisco Tito Yupanqui, an Indian of the blood royal. This image has performed such repeated miracles, as to have acquired an extraordinary devotion in all these provinces, as is manifested by the concourse of people, of all nations, coming to implore relief in their necessities. This settlement is nine leagues from La Paz, and at a small distance from the Valley of YOL. IV. Guarina, in which was fought the battle of this name, between Gonzalo Pizarro and Diego Centeno, who commanded the royal army in lat. 17° 12′s. PUCARE, a river of the province and government of Mainas in the kingdom of Quito. It rises in the country of the Cocaimas Indians, runs nearly due n. and enters the Marañon, or Amazon, opposite the settlement of Yameos. PUCATIATLA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Angaraes in Peru. PUCHACAY, a province and corregimiento of the kingdom of Chile; bounded on the n. by the province of Itata, on the e. by Huilquilemu, on the s. by the river Bio-bio, and on the w. by the sea. From n. to s. it is 12 leagues in extent, and 23 from e. to w. It is irrigated by the river Andalien and several other small streams. [This province produces gold dust in abundance, and also great quantities of strawberries, both wild and cultivated, which are the largest in Chile. Gualqui, or St. John the Baptist, founded, in the year 1754, upon the n. shore of the river Bio-bio, is properly the capital, and the residence of the prefect, or corregidor. This province comprehends the prefecturate of Concepcion, which extends a little beyond the city of that name. Of this we shall say a few words, in addition to what we have already stated, under its proper article. It is well known that it was founded by Pedro di Valdivia, in a dell or valley, formed on the seacoast by some beautiful hills, in lat. 36° 47', and long. 73° 9′. This city is the second in the kingdom. At its commencement it flourished greatly, from the vast quantities of gold that were dug in its vicinity; but after the unfortunate battle of Monigueno, in the year 1554, it was abandoned by Villagran, the governor, and the inhabitants, on the approach of Lautaro, the Araucanian general, and by him taken and burned. It was, however, rebuilt in the month of November of the following year, after a period of six months; but Lautaro returning again, rendered himself master of it, slew in the assault the greater part of the garrison, and razed it to its foundations. Don Garcia de Mendoza, after his victories over Caupolican, restored it anew, and fortified it strongly. Having successfully resisted the attempt of the Araucanians to take it, who besieged it for fifty days, it continued to flourish in great splendour until the year 1603, when, with the other s. cities of the Spaniards, it was taken and burned by the Toqui Poillamachu. It soon, G G [however, began to rise again from its ashes, and resume its former lustre, in consequence of the great commerce which was carried on there; and becoming more strong and populous than ever, the Araucanians ceased to molest it. But in the year 1730 a calamity of a new kind assailed it. It was almost totally destroyed by an earthquake, attended by an inundation of the sea, which overflowed the greater part, and swept away every thing that it met in its course. Notwithstanding these repeated misfortunes, the inhabitants obstinately resolved to persevere, and built it anew in a handsome manner; but did not enjoy it long, for in the month of May of the year 1751, this devoted city was again destroyed by an earthquake and an influx of the sea, which entirely covered it. They fortunately escaped, and took refuge on the neighbouring hills; but continued for 13 years in an unsettled state, not being able to agree among themselves in rebuilding the city. At length they resolved to abandon its former site, and founded a new city, at the distance of a league from the sea, in a beautiful plain called Mocha, upon the n. shore of the Bio-bio. The prefect, or corregidor, is at the same time, by the royal decree, commander of the army, this being the principal place for the rendezvous of the militia of the country. It has for many years been the residence of the camp-mastergeneral, and of late that of the serjeant-major. The royal treasury in this place, from whence the soldiers of the frontiers, as well as those belonging to the city, are paid, is confided to the care of a treasurer, a cashier, and an inspector. The audienza, or royal council, was first established in Concepcion in the year 1507; but was afterwards abolished, and re-established some years after in the capital of St. Jago. The president is, however, obliged to reside in this city for six months, and has a palace in it built at the expense of the government. After the destruction of the city of Imperial, in the year 1603, it was erected into a bishopric. Besides containing convents of all the religious orders established in Chile, it has one of the Sisters of the Trinity, a college which belonged to the Jesuits, with public schools, in which were taught the sciences of humanity, philosophy, and theology; a college of nobility, which was likewise under the direction of the Jesuits, and a Tridentine seminary. The inhabitants, in consequence of so many misfortunes, scarcely amount, at present, to 13,000. The temperature of the air is at all seasons very mild; the soil fertile, and the sea-coast abounds with every kind of fish of the most delicious kinds, both scaled and testaceous. The harbour, or bay, is spacious, extending full 34 leagues from n. to s. and as many from e. to w. The Quiriguina, a beautiful and fertile island, situated at its mouth, forms two entrances to it, the e. of which, called Boca Grande, is two miles wide, and the w. called Boca Chica, is but a little more than a mile. The harbour affords good and safe anchorage for vessels of any burden, especially in a port called Talcaguano, where ships at present lie, as the new city is not far distant.] PUCHACHAILGUA. See MISERICORDIA. PUCHUNCO, some lakes of the province and corregimiento of Quillota in the kingdom of Chile, near the coast, between the rivers Quillota and Ligua. PUCHUTLA, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa in the kingdom of Guatemala, of the district and jurisdiction of that city. PUCKANTALLA, a settlement of Indians of the province and colony of S. Carolina; situate on the shore of the river Coussa. PUCIRINABIS, a settlement of the missions of Indians of this nation, held by the Carmelites of Portugal in the country of the Amazonas, on the shore of the river Negro. PUCQUIAN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxatambo in Peru, annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Mangas. PUCQUIN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Lucanas in the same kingdom as the former. PUCRO, a river of the province and government of Darien and kingdom of Tierra Firme. It rises in the interior of this province, runs w. and, turning its course to s. enters the Tuira. PUCTLA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Tacotepec and alcaldía mayor of Justlahuaca in Nueva España. It contains 57 families of Indians. PUCULLAN, a small river of the kingdom of Chile, which runs n. n. w. and enters the Tolten. PUCUNA, an ancient province of Peru, contained at present in that of Charcas to the s. of Cuzco. It was subjected to the empire by the Inca Roca, sixth monarch. The word Pucuna signifies, in the Mexican tongue, windy, and it is here well applied from the continual currents of air which blow from the mountains of the cordillera. PUDAGUELL, a lake of the kingdom of Chile in the district of the city of Santiago. It is two leagues long, and its shores are covered with trees resembling the laurel, and being called sauces or maitenes, and remaining green the whole year round. This lake is of such depth as to be navigable for ships of war. It abounds in fish of excellent quality, and particularly in trout and bagres, which are easily caught. Three leagues from the city of Santiago. PUEBLA, SAN JOSEPH DE LA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Cholula in Nueva España. PUEBLA, a city in the kingdom of Nueva España. See ANGELES. PUEBLA, another, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. See TORO. PUEBLO, EL, a settlement in the province and corregimiento of Coquimbo in the kingdom of Chile. PUEBLO-LLANO, a settlement of the government and jurisdiction of Mérida in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, annexed to the curacy of the settlement of St. Domingo. It is of a mild temperature, produces much maize and papas; contains 25 housekeepers and 70 Indians, who manufacture large and small hampers, by which they carry on a good trade, and by which, as well as the sale of neat cattle and mares, they contrive to live very comfortably. PUEBLO-LLANO, another settlement in the same province and kingdom as the former. It is small, of a hot temperature, produces much cotton, sugar-cane, yucas, and plantains. PUEBLO-NUEVO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Otzuluama and alcaldía mayor of Tampico in Nueva España. It contains 18 families of Indians, who are free from tribute, inasmuch as they are bound to carry over passengers who trade in that description from one side to the other of the river which surrounds it, this river being equally large and dangerous. These Indians, therefore, carry over people without fee or reward, and they maintain themselves by some seeds, fruits, and gardenherbs, which they cultivate, irrigating their lands by the waters of the said river; four leagues from the settlement of Tanquiuche. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another settlement, with the dedicatory title of San Ildefonso, in the province and corregimiento of Saña in Peru. PUEBLO-NUEVo, another, in the province and corregimiento of Tinta, or Canes and Canches, in the same kingdom; annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Pampamarca. PUEBLO-NUEVo, another, of the jurisdiction of the city of Pedraza, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate at the top of a mountain. It is of a hot temperature, produces in abundance all kinds of vegetable productions of this climate, and is much reduced, as its population amounts now to only 12 housekeepers and 50 Indians. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another, of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Acaponeta in Nueva España; two leagues s. of the settlement of Sallula. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another, of the province and government of La Guayana, situate on the shore of the river Paraiba. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another, of the province and government of Santa Marta in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; on the shore of a small river which enters the Cesaré. PUEBLO-NUEVo, another, of the province and government of Venezuela, in the same kingdom as the former, on the shore of the river Guaique, and e. of the city of Coro. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another, of the same province and kingdom as the former; in the w. part and opposite the city of Coro. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another, of the province and government of Cartagena, in the same kingdom as the former, of the district of Sinú; n. of the town of Lorica, and distant from it a little more than a league. PUEBLO-NUEVO, another, of the same province and kingdom as the former; to the s. of the Sabana Grande. PUEBLO-VIEJO DE LONDRES, a settlement of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru; on the spot where the old city of Londres stood, and which was founded in honour of Queen Mary of England, who married Philip II. and which was afterwards translated thence with the name of Catamarca. PUEBLO-VIEGO, another settlement, in the province and corregimiento of Cuyo in the kingdom of Chile, to the n. of the city of San Juan de la Frontera. PUEBLOS-NUEVOS, two settlements of the head settlement of the district of Xonacatepéc and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavaca in Nueva España, built lately, and situate very near to each other. PUELA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Riobamba in the kingdom of Quito. PUEMBO, a settlement of the corregimiento of the district and jurisdiction of Las Cinco Leguas of the city of Quito. PUENTE, SANTIAGO DE LA, a settlement of |