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pathy and petting of their fair countrywomen in the garrison.'

We cannot forbear one remark suggested by the last sentence of the above. It is sad enough, and gives rise to serious thoughts, to see full-grown stalwart men who have lost limbs or been maimed for life in battle; but there is something to us inexpressibly melancholy in the idea of mere children being actively engaged in warfare, and exposed to all its inevitable risks, at an age when their proper place would have been in the schoolroom, or by the domestic fire-side.

England and France derived no direct benefit from their armed intervention between Greeks and Turks, and were actuated solely by motives of humanity and mere commercial policy; but it is now only too well known that the third allied power, Russia, had a secret personal interest in aiding in the destruction of the Ottoman fleet, and weakening the Porte by both sea and land. As everything relating to the character of the Russian seamen, and the efficiency of their fleets, is now of interest, we may add, that the Russian squadron at Navarino fought very gallantly, and Captain Crawford says, of the officers and seamen of that squadron, "It was truly admirable to see the attention paid by the Russian officers to all that passed on board our ships, and the promptitude with which they applied their newly acquired knowledge. There is among the Russian naval officers and sailors admirable esprit de corps, an emulation, a desire to do their best, an enthusiasm for their national fleet and its prosperity."

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Before Mr. Mant sailed for the Mediterranean, he had an opportunity of visiting, at St. Helen's, the Russian ships shortly afterwards engaged at Navarino. As his account of them is comprised in a few graphic sentences, we do not hesitate to conclude our paper by quoting what we are sure will afford a very striking and interesting glimpse of the inner life aboard a Russian man-o'war:— "Fine ships were the Russian liners, but very dirty, and badly disciplined, when they arrived off St. Helen's. Two things struck us as peculiar in their internal arrangements, which I will briefly mention. One was, the absence of all comfort and accommodation for their seamen in the way of mess-tables and stools."

* Others, who have seen Russian men-of-war recently, describe them as being very clean and in excellent order.

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[Mr. Mant, probably, is not aware, that even in the navy of the United States the seamen have neither stools to sit on, nor tables to eat off they spread a cloth on the bare deck, on which they place their food, and squat down to peck it up like so many Fejees round a cannibal banquet! And we may mention, in the Turkish navy, not only have the seamen no tables and stools, but they have no hammocks nor beds to sleep in; and all they possess as personal property beyond the clothes they wear, is a rug to sleep on or under, and a bit of carpet to kneel on at prayers!] "I happened, continues Mr. Mant, "to go on board the Azoff during mealtime, and found the green-jacketed, squarefaced, straight-haired crew squatted like a war party of Indians between the guns, whilst their mess of sour-krout, hodge-podge, (or whatever the filthy mixture might be,) was suspended in a round iron pan from the beams. I take it for granted that it was a filthy mixture, from their known partiality to tallow, fat, and train oil. Strange stories were told of them at Portsmouth, during their stay, with reference to their national tastes. It was said (mind, I do not vouch for it, for we had such a cordial detestation of each other, that the narrative does not often come from an impartial witness),* that when they went on shore, the landlords of the George and Fountain inns discovered that whatever sized bed-candle was placed in the rooms at night, was always devoured before morning by the Russian marine; so that at last they got into the habit of charging the tallow candles not as lights, but as suppers, which they had certainly a full right to do, considering the use to which they were put; as the strangers all took a light supper before they went to bed. The other circumstance to which I alluded, in the internal arrangement of the Russian ships, was, the fitting up of a tolerably sized space, on the after bulkhead of the main-deck, as a shrine for the

Mother and Child;' and in some of the ships the images were handsome enough." If the reader desires further information concerning Russian men-of-war, we refer him to the pages of Mr. Jesse, or the recent work of Mr. Oliphant.

*Even if Mr. Mant doubts the truth of what he thus relates, we do not; for we have heard, from authority on which we can rely, that Russian seamen delight in yet more disgusting banquets than the above.

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24. P. takes Kt.
25. K. to Kt. second
26. P. takes P.

27. R. takes R.

28. R. takes R.

29. P. to K. B. fourth 30. P. takes P. 31. P. to. Q. Kt. third 32. K. to K. B. third 33. K. to K. fourth 34. P. to K. B. fourth 35. B. takes P.

36. P. to K. R. fourth 37. K. to K. B. third 38. K. to Kt. fourth 39. P. to K. R. fifth 40. P. to R. sixth (ch) 41. K. to R. fifth

42. P. takes P.

43. B. to K. third 44. B. to Q. second 45. B. to Q. B. third 46. B. to Q. R. square 47. B. to Q. Kt. second 48. B. takes P.. 49. B. to Q. B. third 50. B. takes R. P. 51. P. takes P. 52. B. to Q. B. seventh 53. P. to R. fifth 54. B. to Q. Kt. sixth

24. P. to K. fifth (ch.)
25. P. takes Q. P.
26. R. takes R.

27. R. to K. square
28. K. takes R.

29. K. to K. B. second.
30. R. P. takes P.
31. K. to Kt. second
32. B. to K. second
33. B. to Q. square
34. P. takes P.
35. K. to B. second
36. K. to K. Kt. second
37. K. to B. second
38. K. to Kt. second
39. P. to Q. Kt. fourth-
40. K. to R. second
41. P. takes P.
42. B. to K. second
43. B. to Q. third
44. B. to Q. B. second
45. B. to Q. square
46. B. to K. second
47. B. to B. square
48. B. takes P.
49. B. to K. sixth
50. P. to Q. B. fifth
51. B. to Q. fifth
52. K. to Kt. second
53. K. to B. third
51. White resigned.

Duration of game five hours and five minutes.

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17. Q. R. takes Q. 18. P. to Q. Kt. fourth 19. Kt. to Q. B. third 20. B. takes B.

17. Q. R. to Q. B. square 18. B. to Q. third 19. Kt. to K. Kt, third 20. P. takes B. 21. B. to Q. second 22. Kt. to K. fourth

24. R. takes Kt.

21. Kt. to Q. B. sixth 22. P. to Q. Kt. fifth 23. Kt. to K. seventh (ch.)23. K. to R. square. 24. Kt. takes R. 25. Kt. to K. fourth 26. R. takes P. 27. R. to Q. B. square 28. P. to Q. R. fourth 29. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 30. R. takes R. P. 31. Kt. to K. fourth 32. Kt. takes P. 33. Kt. to K. B. fifth 34. R. to Q. B. second 35. R. to K. second 36. Kt. to K. Kt. third 37. K. to Kt. square 38. R. to K. sixth 39. R. to Q. B. seventh 40. Kt. to K. B. square 41. R. takes R. 42. R. takes Kt. P. 43. K. to K. B. second 44. K. to K. B. third 45. Kt. to K. third 46. K. to K. B. fourth 47. R. to Q. sixth 48. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 49. Kt. to K. fifth 50. Kt. takes B. 51. R. to Q. R. sixth 52. K. to K. B. fifth 53. R. to Q. R. seventh (check)

54. P. to K. R. fourth 55. P. to K. Kt. fourth 56. P. to K. R. fifth 57. K. to K. B. fourth 58. R. to Q. R. second 59. R. to K. B. second 60. K. to K. fifth, and the game was drawn by exchanging the Rook for Knight and Pawn; although the whole of the game was masterly played on both sides, yet from this point, white might have won.

25. Kt. takes P. 26. B. takes P. 27. R. to K. square 28. P. to K. R. third 29. Kt. to K. fourth 30. B. to Q. B. fifth 31. B. takes P. 32. R. to K. third 33. R. to K. Kt. third 34. B. to K. fifth 35. Kt. to Q. sixth 36. B. to Q. B. third 37. R. to K. Kt. fifth 38. R. to Q. B. fifth 39. R. to Q. B. eighth (ch.) 40. B. takes P. 41. Kt. takes R. 42. Kt. to K. seventh (ch.) 43. Kt. to K. B. fifth. 44. Kt. to K. R. fourth 45. Kt. to K. B. third 46. B. to Q second 47. K. to Kt. square 48. K. to B. square 49. K. to K. second. 50. Kt. takes Kt. 51. Kt. to K. B. square 52. K. to B. second 53. K. to Kt. square

54. K. to R. second 55. Kt. to K. Kt. third 56. Kt. to K. R. fifth (ch.) 57. K. to K. Kt. square 58. K. to K. R. second 59. P. to K. Kt. fourth (check)

LITERARY NOTES.

Cranmer: a Poem by Arabella Georgiana Campbell.-THE life, character, and opinions of Archbishop Cranmer have formed the staple of many controversial treatises. Few names stand out more prominently from the past, to invite admiration or its opposite. No actor has played a grander part on the world's stage, or been more severely criticised his conduct has been sharply discussed, his motives variously appreciated; detraction has often assailed his memory, and spirited champions have been found to vindicate it. The authoress of this poem, filled with a devout admiration of the qualities which distinguished the martyred prelate, has worthily come forward, in the true spirit of hero-worship, to offer a graceful tribute of song at the shrine of her idolatry. From the preface and notes, the reader will perceive that she is thoroughly conversant with the Archbishop's "acts and monuments," and with the history of his eventful times. The poem itself is written in the Spenserian stanza; a measure well adapted to a grave and weighty theme. It comprises two cantos, and the closing incidents of the hero's life are told with vigor, earnestness, and pathos. In many instances, authentic anecdotes and expressions are embodied by the authoress in her lines. Thus, in the last stanza, in describing the terrible death of the prelate, it is said

High rose the scorching element-yet high
And higher rose the fortitude of one

Who, on Heaven's threshold, oft was heard to cry,
"Jesu, receive my spirit."

Foxe's description of the martyr's death, as quoted in a note of our authoress, is as follows:-"His body did so abyde the burning of the flame, with such constancie and steadfastnes, that, standing alwayes in one place without moving of his body, he seemed to move no more than ye stake to whiche he was bound, his eyes were lifted up into heaven, and oftentimes he repeated His unworthy right hand,' so long as his voice would suffer hym; vsing often the wordes of Steven, 'Lord Jesu, receave my spirit.'

How the Poor may be taught without Compromise of Principles or Opinions.-WE cordially recommend this sensible and unpretending pamphlet to the notice of all-and, thanks be to Heaven! their name is legion-who are interested in providing for the moral and religious culture of the rising generation of England. The author properly appreciates the great difficulty which embarrasses the question of national education, and propounds a scheme for the reconciliation of rival creeds and parties on a common ground of usefulness. Whether his scheme be practicable or not, will be better judged of by those who have given a larger amount of attention than ourselves to this momentous question. We would, however, remind our readers, that every one who offers an honest and intelligent opinion upon so grave a matter is entitled, in fairness, to an impartial hearing.

MR. ARTHUR HELPS, author of "The Conquerors of the New World and their Bondsmen," has sent forth the first two volumes of his great work, The

Spanish Conquest in America, and its relation to the History of Slavery and to the Government of Colonies.* Scarcely any subject contains, more abundantly, the elements of the terrible and the romantic. Who that has hung over the spirit-stirring pages of old Bernal Dias, or mused over the noble history of Mr. Prescott, or pondered on the fate of that Queen of Cities, Mexico, but must feel an intense interest in the still more extensive subject which Mr. Helps now opens? For his work necessarily takes in the feats of the daring "Conquistodores" in the West Indies, in Peru, and in every part of the continent to which they turned their victorious arms. It is a trite saying that truth is stranger than fiction. The romance of History is the most startling of romances, and the history of our own conquests in India is sufliciently marvellous to satisfy the most ardent lover of marvel. But it fades to common place, side by side with the career of the early Spanish adventurers. Mr. Helps has proved himself, so far as his work has proceeded, fully competent to the task he has undertaken. The story of the Spanish conquests is so interwoven with fiction, fancy, and enthusiasm, which exercised so powerful an influence over the pens of the carly chroniclers, that it is difficult to separate what is partially true (the whole truth is scarcely to be obtained on any point) from what is absolutely false. Our author, however, spares no pains to eliminate as much matterof-fact truth as possible from the obscurity, exaggeration, and prejudices of the authorities whom he has to consult. We here allude, of course, to the more ancient ones; for the work contains internal evidence that Mr. Helps has received much assistance from the able historians who, in later times, have done so much to illustrate South American history. We await, with interest, the future portions of the work, in which Mr. Helps, we dare say, will complete his review of the whole course of Negro slavery in America, from the time when Negroes were first imported, as a measure of 'humanity!" to alleviate the sufferings of the native Indians, down to the present position of the slavery system as a "national institution" of the Great Western republic.

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IT has been remarked, somewhat illogically, that the public statutes of Great Britain are of such a nature as to reflect disgrace on those who enacted them. It would be more accurate to say that they reflect disgrace on a system which suffered them to accumulate to such an extent, that the brains of no mortal in existence, even taking each subject separately, could interpret half the laws relating to it. It is not the makers of the laws; it is those who have suffered laws to remain on the statute-book after they have become obsolete, who are objects for blame. We have before us An Index of Statutes, public and private,† passed in the several years from the union with Ireland (1801) till 1852. The "statutes" form, of course, only a small portion of the law, yet the "index" to them is a work more corpulent than

London: Parker and Son.
London: Printed by authority.

those which contain the whole of the French code. We ask any human being-be his memory or perspicuity what it may-to look over this index, and then to give his opinion as to the possibility of extracting coherent meaning from the enormous mass of verbosity to which it refers. We have no doubt as to what his reply will beunless he be one of the learned gentlemen inte. rested in maintaining " things as they are." With, out trenching on the realms of politics, we do not hesitate to say, that a glance at the interminable row of massive volumes containing the "Public Acts," or even at the index referring to them, would itself be a powerful argument in favor of law reform. It was said, a year or two back, at a great Liverpool conference, that our laws would be better obeyed, as well as better understood-more efficient, as well as more simple-if they were comprised within the space of two moderate volumes. The opinion we believe to be a sound one, and we beg those who do not think so to look over this index, when, we feel sure, the great majority will be inclined to concur with us. We understand that a "Commission" is at present sitting on the subject. But Commissions (especially paid ones) are, proverbially, slow coaches; and it is the general impression, that if the present commission do not get through its work faster, and if law reform depend on the result of its labors, it will be reserved for some future generation to witness that desirable consummation.

OUR American friends will never go back in the world for want of either self-confidence or self-complacency, of which well-established truth, a moving example is given in Mr. D. A. HARSHA's book, entitled, The Most Eminent Orators of Ancient and Modern Times;* seeing that, with the exception of Demosthenes and Cicero, the only eminent orators whom Mr. Harsha admits to have lived since the world was created, are those of Great Britain and the United States! The orators of every other country being excluded, we have no reason to complain: so far, it must be admitted, he pays us a compliment which, if we do not accept for its exactness, we can scarcely avoid doing so for its courtesy. We fancy we could pick out of the highways and byways of history the names of some few men-neither belonging to Great Britain nor America, who possessed some "eminence" as orators. But let that pass; Mr. Harsha's exclusiveness is, as we have just said, complimentary to us. But when it comes to close comparisons-to comparisons between American orators and British orators--then does the true Yankee patriotism stream forth; and the men whom he sets up as far and every way superior to our Fox's, and little people of that sort, are more fortunate than the mighty ones who lived before Agamemnon, and who are all unknown to fame, just for want of a poet; for here are sundry illustrissimi, of some of whom, we regretfully confess, we had scarcely ever before heard, placed at once on the topmost pinnacle of immortal renown. The book is so thoroughly American, in the ultra sense of that term, that it is worth reading if only therefore.

New York: Scribner.

ONE of the most curious and interesting books lately published by Mr. BоHN, is Cambridge University Transactions during the Puritan Controversies of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. The work contains much that has appeared before; but then it also contains a great deal of what is new to the general reader, and exhibits a curious picture of the manners, habits, and thoughts of our forefathers. In our days of sanitary improvement, people will start when they read a solemn decree of the Vice-Chancellor and Masters of Colleges, forbidding the inmates of the University to bathe!-the prohibition being strengthened by heavy pains and penalties. Flogging with rods, expulsion, and so forth, are the punishments awarded to those who dare to keep themselves clean! Purify your skin-refresh your body in the waters of the Cam- -a high crime and misdemeanor! Many others of the enactments are equally absurd, equally opposed to what we now know to be useful and necessary. We cannot say that the work has any general or illustrative relation to the Puritan controversies of the Tudor and Stuart epochs; that subject comes in rather incidentally than prominently, and it were to be wished that more trouble had been taken in the way of arrangement and annotation. Nevertheless, the documents themselves possess an intrinsic interest, which will cause the book to be read with great pleasure.

THE fall of Constantinople contributes a grand historical epoch. It makes the final termination of the Roman empire, which, though it had ages previously lost its vitality, still lingered-a mere nominis umbra-on the shores of the Bosphorus. Captain SPENCER's new romance, Constantine, or the Fall of an Empire,† embodies, in a graceful and fascinating style, the leading incidents of that memorable event; and brings before us, in vigorous life-like delineation, the principal personages whose names have descended to posterity in association with it. We have seldom read a professed book of fiction, in which the real events on which it was founded were more faithfully preserved. Captain Spencer does not follow the example of the author of "Waverley" in taking arbitrary liberties with history: in all that appertains to fact, he keeps as near to it as possible, and this fidelity does by no means detract from the interest of the story. The book contains some capital scenes of dialogue and incident, and the "landscape" passages are admirable.

WE recommend Mr. ALFRED W. COLE's Light and Shade, to all who love a broad honest laugh at the whims and eccentricities of human nature. The sketches and stories are on all manner of subjects, the author possessing the pleasant faculty of exhibiting good humor and good-natured mirth from anything he takes it into his head to lay hands on. The contents may certainly be characterized as eminently "light reading," but it is reading of a kind well calculated to wile away an hour of leisure or depression.

London: H. G. Bohn.

London: S. Lowe and Co. London: J. Blackwood.

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