sities of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ohio, also Purdue University, and the Municipal University of Cincinnati. The thesis, entire, will be published by the University of Illinois. Readers of the Quarterly Journal will be favored by a popular presentation of the topic in a subsequent issue. The following is a very brief statement of the central thought: In many engineering structures stress is applied to the members in but one direction, the direction of the greatest dimension. There are cases, however, of which the steam boiler and the crank shaft are the most familiar illustrations, in which stress is applied in two directions at right angles to each other. This is called bi-axial loading, or combined stress. Counting compression as a negative tension two kinds of stress are recognized in mechanics, tension and shear. All the theories of the strength of materials under combined stress assume that failure is of the same nature under all conditions, whereas the experiments which formed the basis of the thesis show that failure occurs in tension until the shearing stress reaches the shearing yield-point stress, after which the shearing stress governs. There are then two distinct laws that govern, instead of one, and the change from one to the other depends upon the ratio of the tensile and shearing yield-point stresses. The test specimens were seamless drawn steel tubes 6" in diameter, 32′′ long, and 4" thick, turned down to 3/32" except at the ends which were threaded to fit the heavy steel heads by means of which the tubes were held in the testing machine. These tubes were subjected to internal water pressure and a tension or compression in the direction of the axis.. This gave the two stresses at right angles to each other. This investigation of combined stress was the first in which a portable strain mesuring instrument, the strain gage, was used. This permitted the taking of many readings at different places on the specimens for each change of load. This minimized the effect of local weakness in the material. Summer Sesssion The Summer Session of 1915 was very successful in many ways. The attendance, 114 in the college section alone, was very satisfactory when one considers the youth of the University as a whole and the recent establishment of the college section of its summer session. The 114 was made up of 58 men and 56 women; 73 were former students and 41 wholly new to the institution. Weather conditions were ideal, not a single uncomfortably warm day being experienced. The campus was at its best. There were practically no outside distractions, and the students were an unusually earnest lot of young men and women all bent upon making the most of their opportunities. More and more, as the years pass, the Summer Session is coming to be looked upon as a vital part of the university year. Many students on the campus plan ahead for it, and teachers in the state look to it as an aid in their educational development. Two new features worthy of mention were introduced in the 1915 session: a course of eight high-grade evening entertainments, free to all, and a series of ten round-table cenferences on live educational topics. Both were well received and well attended. The entire election of work covered 209 courses aggregating 636 credit hours. Election by subjects was as follows: Ranking of the In the July issue of the Quarterly Journal, on Medical School pages 377 and 378, is found a University Note on the "University's Educational Standing." Attention is here called to what is there said as to the standing of the Medical School. An error was made in saying that there are four classes of Medical Schools. There are but three-A. B. and C. "Class A Colleges are those which are acceptable; Class B, those which, under their present organization, might be made acceptable by general improvements, and Class C, those which require a complete reorganization to make them acceptable." The Medical School of the University of North Dakota is ranked in Class A. Recommendation As heretofore, the Recommendation Committee has been very busy and very helpful in the work of securing teaching positions for the graduates and other students of the University. About eighty have thus been served, including every one of last year's graduates and a few from former years who have thus secured promotions. The combined salaries of these teachers for the year is about $60,000. At the ordinary agency rates the fees for securing these positions would total about $3,000. Not noly is this amount saved to these young people by this service, but thru the service there is created a bond of sympathy and appreciation that is worth much to both. In addition, the work has come to be recognized as of real service to the schools of the state. The committee enjoys the confidence of the school men of the state in an unusual degree and thus the two forces co-operate to the benefit of all. Announcement THE Quarterly Journal is a periodical main tained by the University of North Dakota.. Its primary function is to represent the varied activities of the several colleges and departments of the University, tho contributions from other sources are welcomed when they are the fruitage of scientific research, literary investigation, or other form of constructive thought. Correspondence is solicited. All communications should be addrest, THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL, University, North Dakota. Editor's Bulletin Board HE articles mentioned on the October Bul TH letin Board and not appearing in this number may be expected in the issue for July, 1916. The management is embarrassed with a wealth of good matter. The next number, for April, 1916, will represent the physical and natural sciences. Various interesting articles are at hand, and the character of the number can be gathered from the following list: The department of physics contributes A Plan for a Radio Station at the University, by Dr. Taylor, and Photographic Studies, by Dr. Stephenson; chemistry, Chemistry and the World War, by Dr. Abbott, and Chemistry of Photographic Development, by Dr. Heath; applied mathematics, Action of Steel Under Combined Stress, by Dr. Becker; geology, Glacial Action, by Dr. Leonard; mechanical engineering, Trade Schools, by Dean Crouch, and the Public Health Laboratory, The Mosquito Problem, by Dr. Bristol. PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA I. II. III. THE VALUE AND NECESSITY OF A COLLEGE ANDREW ALEXANDER BRUCE RECENT SOCIAL TENDENCIES IN THE IV. V. THE AGRICULTURAL SUBJECTS WILLIAM A. BROYLES VI. VII. __122 126 138 -145 -160 THE NATURE OF LIFE IN CONGRESS (1850-1861) TERMINAL MARKET PROBLEMS JAMES ERNEST BOYLE VIII. BOOK REVIEWS: 1. Fundamentals in Methods. Joseph Kennedy. 6. A History of English Literature: Walter S. A Working Basis: Wallace Nelson Stearns. 8. Proceedings of Minnesota Academy of Social 179 |